a

a The first letter of the alphabet, and inherent short vowel.

a ind.

1 No, not.

2 A privative, prohibitive, and diminutive particle.

3 An interjection of pity. It also implies degrees of difference, and similarity. As a negative prefix to words beginning with a vowel, a is changed to an, as a and anta form ananta.

a m. (aḥ) A name of VIṢṆU.

a The letter a. A negative, in, un,
not. An interjection, O! In
composition a a becomes an
an before a vowel; as, an_ādi.

a (aḥ) 1. m. A name of Vishnu.

a I. The letter ă, the first of the alphabet and the short

vowel inherent in every consonant. See akāra.

II. The pronominal theme which occurs in the declension of

idam and is considered as a substitute for idam and etat qq. vv.

III. ind. (nipāta) A particle, a shorter form of na (see also

ana and anā); it is used ¹ In composition with nouns, when

it implies ^a. Negation. ^b. Privation or prohibition. ^c. Diminu-

tion (i. e. a little). ^d. Deterioration. ^e. Similarity or comparison;

in a few instances it has apparently become an expletive; cf.

e. g. kupya and akupya, udāra and anudāra, eḍamūka and aneḍamūka.

If the noun begins with a vowel, it assumes the form of an,

as a and anta form ananta; this rule is neglected sometimes,

if the vowel following the a happen to be a ṛ; e. g. a and

ṛṇin form anṛṇin and sometimes aṛṇin. ² In con-

junction with an inflected verb, when it implies blame or re-

proach; e. g. a karoṣi vai tvaṃ jālma ‘how badly thou dost

(it), fool’. Accord. to an artificial E. from at, kṛt aff. ḍa.

IV. ind. (nipāta) An interjection of pity.

V. 1. m. (aḥ) ¹ Vaiśvānara (in an Upan.). ² Brahman (m.).

³ Viṣṇu. ⁴ Siva. 2. n. (am) A name of the (neuter) Brahman.

a' a-, a negative prefix, corre-

sponding to the á- privative in Greek;

see an-,

a 1 . a, the first letter of the alphabet; the

first short vowel inherent in consonants. —A-kāra,

as, m. the letter or sound a.

a 2 . a, ind. an interjection of pity (Ah!).

a 3 . a (before a vowel an), a prefix cor-

responding to Gr. ἀ, ἀν Lat. in, Goth. and Germ. un,

Eng. in or un, and having a negative or privative or

depreciative sense; e. g. eka one, an-eka not one;

anta end, an-anta endless; paśyat seeing, a-paśyat

not seeing. Sometimes this prefix denotes com-

parison. It is occasionally an expletive.

a 4 . a, the base of some pronouns and pro-

nom. forms; (substituted for idam, in asya, atra, &c.)

a 5 . a, the augment prefixed to the root

in the formation of the imperfect, aorist, and con-

ditional tenses, by some considered as connected with

3. a, and by others as connected with 4. a.

a 6 . a, as, m., N. of Viṣṇu (especially as the

first of the three sounds in the sacred syllable om), also

of Brahmā, Śiva, and Vaiśvānara; (am), n. Brahma.

1a, pron. root, see idam and 502.

2a, negative prefix, see an.

a The first letter of the Nāgarī Alphabet.

— aḥ [avati, atati sātatvena tiṣṭhatīti vā; av-at vā, ḍa Tv.]

1 N. of Viṣṇu, the first of the three sounds constituting the sacred syllable om; akāro viṣṇuruddiṣṭa ukārastu maheśvaraḥ . makārastu smṛto brahmā praṇavastu trayātmakaḥ ..; for more explanation of the three syllables a, u, m see om.

2 N. of Śiva, Brahmā, Vāyu, or Vaiśvānara.

— ind.

1 A prefix corresponding to Latin in, Eng. in or un, Gr. a or an, and joined to nouns, adjectives, indeclinables (or even to verbs) as a substitute for the negative particle nañ, and changed to an before vowels except in the word a-ṛṇin. The senses of na usually enumerated are six- (a) sādṛśya ‘likeness’ or ‘resemblance’; abrāhmaṇaḥ one like a Brāhmaṇa (wearing the sacred thread &c.), but not a Brāhmaṇa, but a Kṣatriya, or Vaiśya; anikṣu : a reed appearing like ikṣu, but not a true ikṣu. (b) abhāva ‘absence’, ‘negation’, ‘want’, ‘privation’; ajñānaṃ absence of knowledge, ignorance; akrodhaḥ, anaṃgaḥ, akaṃṭakaḥ, aghaṭaḥ &c. (c) bheda ‘difference’ or ‘distinction’; apaṭaḥ not a cloth, something different from, or other than, a cloth. (d) alpatā ‘smallness’, ‘diminution’, used as a diminutive particle; anudarā having a slender waist (kṛśodarī or tanumadhyamā). (e) aprāśastya ‘badness,’ ‘unfitness,’ having a depreciative sense; akālaḥ wrong or improper time; akāryaṃ not fit to be done, improper, unworthy, bad act. (f) virodha ‘opposition’, ‘contrariety’; anītiḥ the opposite of morality, immorality; asita not (pb) white, black; asura not a god, a demon &c. These senses are put together in the following verse: tatsādṛśyamabhāvaśca tadanyatvaṃ tadalpatā . aprāśastyaṃ virodhaśca nañarthāḥ ṣaṭ prakīrtitāḥ .. See na also. With verbal derivatives, such as gerunds, infinitives, participles, it has usually the sense of ‘not’; adagdhvā not having burnt: apaśyan not seeing; so asakṛt not once; amṛṣā, akasmāt &c. Sometimes a does not affect the sense of the second member; a-paścima that which has no last, i. e. last; anuttama having no superior, unsurpassed, most excellent; for examples see the words.

2 An interjection of (a) Pity (ah!) a avadyaṃ P. I. 1. 14 Sk. (b) Reproach, censure (fie, shame); apacasi tvaṃ jālma P. VI. 3. 73 Vārt. See akaraṇi, ajīvani also. (c) Used in addressing; a anaṃta. (d) It is also used as a particle of prohibition.

3 The augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the Imperfect, Aorist and Conditional Tenses.

N-B. The application of this privative prefix is practically unlimited; to give every possible case would almost amount to a dictionary itself. No attempt will, therefore, be made to give every possible combination of this prefix with a following word; only such words as require a special explanation, or such as most frequently occur in the literature and enter into compounds, with other words, will be given; others will be found self-explaining when the English ‘in,’ ‘un,’ or ‘not,’ is substituted for a or an before the meaning of the second word, or the sense may be expressed by ‘less,’ ‘free from,’ ‘devoid or destitute of’ &c; akathya unspeakable; adarpa without pride, or freedom from pride; apragalbha not bold; abhaga unfortunate; avitta (pb) destitute of wealth &c. &c. In many cases such compounds will be found explained under the second member. Most compounds beginning with a or an are either Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (to be determined by the sense) and should be so dissolved.

1 a pron. stem of 3^d pers.

2 a an neg. prefix, corresponding to Gr. ἀ ἀν, Lat. in, Germ. un, etc.

a a, pn. root used in the inflexion of idam
and in some particles: a-tra, a-tha.

a° a-, an° an- before vowels, neg. px. = un-.

1. a the first letter of the alphabet

the first short vowel inherent in consonants.

2. a (pragṛhya, q.v.), a vocative particle [a ananta, O Viṣṇu], T.

interjection of pity, Ah!

3. a (before a vowel an, exc. a-ṛṇin), a prefix corresponding to Gk. ἀ, ἀν, Lat. in, Goth. and Germ. un, Eng. in or un, and having a negative or privative or contrary sense (an-eka not one; an-anta endless; a-sat not good; a-paśyat not seeing)

rarely prefixed to Inf. (a-svaptum not to sleep, TāṇḍyaBr.) and even to forms of the finite verb (a-spṛhayanti they do not desire, BhP.; Śiś.) and to pronouns (a-saḥ not he, Śiś.; a-tad not that, BhP.)

occasionally denoting comparison (a-brāhmaṇa like a Brahman, T.)

sometimes disparagement (a-yajña a miserable sacrifice)

sometimes diminutiveness (cf. á-karṇa, an-udarā)

rarely an expletive (cf. a-kupya, a-pūpa). According to, Pāṇ. vi, 2, 161, the accent may be optionally either on the first or last syllable in certain compounds formed with a (as á-tīkṣṇa or a-tīkṣṇá, á-śuci or a-śucí, án-anna or an-anná)

the same applies to stems ending in tṛ accentuated on the first syllable before a is prefixed

cf. also á-tūrta and a-tū́rta, á-bhinna and a-bhinná, &c.

4. a the base of some pronouns and pronom. forms, in asya, atra, &c.

5. a the augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the imperfect, aorist, and conditional tenses (in the Veda often wanting, as in Homer, the fact being that originally the augment was only prefixed in principal sentences where it was accentuated, whilst it was dropped in subordinate sentences where the root-vowel took the accent).

6. a m. N. of Viṣṇu, L. (especially as the first of the three sounds in the sacred syllable om).

a The first letter of the alphabet, and inherent short vowel.

a ind.

1. NO, not.

2. A private, prohibitive, and diminutive
particle.

3. An interjection of pity. It also implies degrees of
difference, and similarity. As a negative prefix to words
beginning with a vowel, a is changed to an, as a and anta
form ananta.

a

m. (aḥ) A name of VISHṆU.

a The first letter of the alphabet; akṣarāṇāmakāro'smi Bg.10.33. -aḥ [avati, atati sātatyena tiṣṭhatīti vā; av-at vā, ḍa Tv.] 1 N. of Viṣṇu, the first of the three sounds constituting the sacred syllable om; akāro viṣṇuruddiṣṭa ukārastu maheśvaraḥ | makārastu smṛto brahmā praṇavastu trayātmakaḥ || For more explanations of the three syllables a, u, m see om. -2 N. of Śiva, Brahmā, Vāyu, or Vaiśvānara.--[aḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śaṃkaro brahmā śakraḥ somo'nilo'nalaḥ | sūryaḥ prāṇo yamaḥ kālo vasantaḥ praṇavaḥ sukhī || Enm. aḥ syād brahmaṇi viṣṇvīśakūrmāṇaṅkaraṇeṣu ca| gaurave'ntaḥpure hetau bhūṣaṇe'ghrāvumejyayoḥ || Nm. aḥ śikhāyāṃ siddhamantre pragrāhe'rke rathārvaṇi | cakre kukkuṭamūrdhnīndubimbe brahmeśaviṣṇuṣu || ibid. Thus aḥ means Kṛiṣṇa, Śiva, Brahmā, Indra, Soma, Vāyu, Agni, the Sun, the life-breath, Yama, Kāla, Vasanta, Praṇava, a happy man, a tortoise, a courtyard, a battle, greatness, a female apartment in a palace, an object or a cause, an ornament, a foot, Umā, sacrifice, a flame, a particularly efficacious mantra, reins, the horse of chariot, a wheel, the head of a cock, the disc of the moon]; ind. 1 A Prefix corresponding to Latin in, Eng. in or un, Gr. a or an, and joined to nouns, adjectives, indeclinables (or rarely even to verbs) as a substitute for the negative particle nañ, and changed to an before vowels (except in the word a-ṛṇin). The senses of na usually enumerated are six--(a) sādṛśya 'likeness' or 'resemblance', abrāhmaṇaḥ one like a Brāhmaṇa (wearing the sacred thread &c.), but not a Brāhmaṇa; a Kṣatriya, or a Vaiśya; anikṣuḥ a reed appearing like ikṣu, but not a true ikṣu. (b) abhāva 'absence', 'negation', 'want', 'privation'; ajñānam absence of knowledge, ignorance; akrodhaḥ, anaṅgaḥ, akaṇṭakaḥ, aghaṭaḥ &c. (c) anyatva 'difference' or 'distinction'; apaṭaḥ not a cloth, something different from, or other than, a cloth. (d) alpatā 'smallness', 'diminution', used as a diminutive particle; anudarā having a slender waist (kṛśodarī or tanumadhyamā). (e) aprāśastya 'badness', 'unfitness', having a depreciative sense; akālaḥ wrong or improper time; akāryam not fit to be done, improper, unworthy, bad act. (f) virodha 'opposition', 'contrariety'; anītiḥ the opposite of morality; immorality; asita not white, black; asura not a god, a demon &c. These senses are put together in the following verse :-- tatsādṛśyamabhāvaśca tadanyatvaṃ tadalpatā | aprāśastyaṃ virodhaśca nañarthāḥ ṣaṭ prakīrtitāḥ || See na also. With verbal derivatives, such as gerunds, infinitives, participles, it has usually the sense of 'not'; adagdhvā not having burnt; apaśyan not seeing; so asakṛt not once; amṛṣā, akasmāt &c. Sometimes in bahuvrīhi a does not affect the sense of the second member : a-paścima that which has no last, i. e. best, topmost; e. g. vipaścitāmapaścimaḥ cf. also R.19.1. anuttama having no superior, unsurpassed, most excellent: (for examples see these words). -2 An interjection of (a) Pity (ah !) a avadyaṃ P.I.1.14 Sk. (b) Reproach, censure (fie, shame); apacasi tvaṃ jālma P.VI.3.73 Vārt. See akaraṇi, ajīvani also. (c) Used in addressing; a ananta. (d) It is also used as a particle of prohibition. -3 The augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the Imperfect, Aorist and Conditional Tenses.
N. B.-- The application of this privative prefix is practically unlimited; to give every possible case would almost amount to a dictionary itself. No attempt will, therefore, be made to give every possible combination of this prefix with a following word; only such words as require a special explanation, or such as most frequently occur in literature and enter into compounds with other words, will be given; others will be found self-explaining when the English 'in', 'un', or 'not', is substituted for a or an before the meaning of the second word, or the sense may be expressed by 'less', 'free from', 'devoid or destitute of' &c.; akathya unspeakable; adarpa without pride, or freedom from pride; apragalbha not bold; abhaga unfortunate; avitta destitute of wealth &c. In many cases such compounds will be found explained under the second member. Most compounds beginning with a or an are either Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (to be determined by the sense) and should be so dissolved.

a a 1re lettre de l'alphabet sanscrit, nommée akāra.

a a priv. Cette particule négative peut se placer devant toutes les formes déclinables ou indéclinables des noms, des adjectifs et des verbes, soit simples, soit composés; dans ce dernier cas, elle nie toute l'idée contenue dans le mot; ex. anāryajuṣṭa qui n'est pas aimé des Aryas. Devant une voyelle, on écrit an: anārya. Gr. ; lat. in; germ. un.

Le pfx. a ne change qqf. rien au sens affirmatif des mots.

a a, dans le monosyll. oṃ, représente viṣṇu.

1 a- thème pron., v. idam-.

2 a (dev. cons.) an (dev. voy.) préf. négatif (privatif, antinomique); devant noms, rar. devant pronoms et verbes.

1. a Interj. a apehi (die beiden Vocale fliessen nicht in einander) P. 1, 1, 14, Sch.; vgl. gaṇa cādi und VOP. 2, 19. Drückt Mitleid aus (anukampāyām) MED. avy. 2.

2. a Pronominalstamm:

a) der 1sten Person, enthalten in ahám, āvā́m, āvā́bhyām, āváyos, asmā́n, asmā́bhis, asmábhyam, asmát, asmā́kam, asmā́su und im ved. asmé .

— b) der 3ten Person; f. ā . Davon folgende Casusformen: ayám (a wird nach e und o im ṚV. nicht elidirt, P. 6, 1, 116. zwei Ausnahmen findet man schon ṚV. PRĀTIŚ. 2, 19. 21 : agne 'yam und vahate 'yam), asmaí, asyaí, asmā́t, asyā́s, asyá, asmín, asyā́m, ābhyā́m, ebhís, ābhís, ebhyás, ābhyás, eṣā́m, āsā́m, eṣú, āsú . In den Veden allein erscheinen überdies: Instr.Sg.m.n. enā́, f. ayā́ (beide Formen auch als Adverbia im Gebrauch); der zu einem Adverb erstarrte Ablativ ā́t und der Gen. Du. ayós . Ueber die Bedeutung und die Betonung dieser Formen s. u. idam . Demselben Stamme begegnen wir ferner in atas, atra, atha, adya, adha, anā, aha .

3. a vor Consonanten und an vor Vocalen (vergl. jedoch aṛṇin). Eine negirende Partikel, die wie das griech. ἀ, ἀν priv., das lat. in und deutsche un nur in Verbindung mit andern Worten erscheint, P. 2, 2, 6. AK. 3, 5, 1. TRIK. 3, 3, 463. 464. H. 1539. an. 7, 1. MED. avy. 2. Ueber den Accent solcher zusammenges. Wörter s. P. 6, 2, 2. 116. 155-161. 172-174. AUFR. De accentu comp. § 35. 36. 40. 44, 6. 127-132; über die Bildung von Derivaten P. 5, 1, 121. 7, 3, 30. 31; über den Accent derselben Vārtt. 7-9. zu P. 5, 1, 119. Wird verbunden:

1) mit Substantiven aller Art:

a) der nachfolgende Begriff wird einfach negirt: akarman das Nichthandeln BHAG. 2, 47. tryahamanadhyāyaḥ während dreier Tage kein Lesen YĀJÑ. 1, 144. ajīvaniste bhūyāt Nichtleben sei dir, mögest du sterben P. 3, 3, 112, Sch. akāraṇāt ohne Grund R. 1, 2, 32. adeśakāle am unrechten Orte und zu unrechter Zeit BHAG. 17, 22. atra pitāpitā bhavati mātāmātā lokā alokā devā adevā vedā avedāḥ BṚH. ĀR. UP. 4, 3, 22. abrāhmaṇa ein Nicht-Brahmane CHĀND. UP. 4, 4, 5. M. 7, 85. anapuṃsakena mit einem Worte, das kein Neutrum ist [Footnote] *Mit Unrecht nimmt PAT. an anapuṃsakasya P. 1, 1, 43. Anstoss. Er löst dasselbe in na bhavati napuṃsakasya auf und ähnliche Auflösungen mögen TRIK. und MED. veranlasst haben, dem neg. a die Bedeutung von niṣedha und pratiṣedha zuzutheilen. P. 1, 2, 69. devanena mama prītirna bhavatyasuhṛdgaṇaiḥ ich habe keine Freude am Spiel mit Nicht-Freunden N. 26, 14. nādvāreṇa viśet er trete nicht anders als durch die Thür ein YĀJÑ. 1, 140. nāsahasreṇāvarteya ich möchte nicht mit einem Nicht-Tausend heimkehren, d. h. ich möchte nicht eher heimkehren, bis ein Tausend voll ist CHĀND. UP. 4, 4, 5. Vor einem Nomen pr. oder Appell. (saṃjñā) im Vorwurf, mit dem Accent auf der letzten Silbe P. 6, 2, 159. adevadattáḥ wie ein Nicht-Devadatta, des D. unwürdig Sch. In der Regel behält das Substantiv die unveränderte Gestalt bei P. 5, 4, 71. arājā (sonst am Ende eines Comp. — rājas), asakhā (sonst — sakhas), (agaus) (sonst — gavas) Sch. Ausnahmen: ebend. 72. VOP. 6, 90.

— b) die Identität des nachfolgenden Begriffs mit einem andern Begriff im Satze wird negirt. Durch ein solches einfaches Negiren der Identität wird indessen auf die Aehnlichkeit der beiden Begriffe in einer im Satze näher angegebenen Beziehung hingewiesen. Das Compositum erscheint als Apposition eines andern Nominalbegriffs, der mit diesem verglichen wird. Diese Bedeutung von a, die an den vedischen Gebrauch der Negation na erinnert, finden wir im TRIK. (nañ sādṛśye) erwähnt, vermögen aber dieselbe nur durch ein [Footnote] asthūri VS. 2, 27. gehört nicht, wie WEBER in Ind. St. I, 339, N. anzunehmen geneigt wäre, hierher. Der Scholiast erklärt es durch asthūrīva und nicht durch sthūrīva . Beispiel zu belegen: brahmaiva - kurūnaśvābhirakṣati Br. beschützt die Vollbringer von Werken (kurūn = kartṝn Sch.) wie ein Hund (Śaṃkar. fasst aśvā als Stute und ergänzt yathā) CHĀND. UP. 4, 17, 10. vgl. anikṣu eine Art Zuckerrohr (ikṣu), das auch den Namen ikṣutulyā führt.

— c) der nachfolgende Begriff wird an einem andern Begriff negirt. Das Compositum bildet ein Adjectiv des Nichtbesitzes, das wie ein anderes Adjectiv in ein Appellativ oder ein Nomen pr. übergehen kann; Vārtt. 6. zu P. 2, 2, 24. akardama sumpflos R. 1, 2, 5. asveda schweisslos N. 5, 23. anaṅga gliederlos, der Liebesgott. Bezeichnet das Substantiv einen Theil des Körpers, so geht das Fem. auf ā aus, P. 4, 1, 57. (akeśā haarlos, Sch.). Der Ton ruht auf der letzten Silbe P. 6, 2, 172. In den Veden vielfache Ausnahmen, ohne dass eine bestimmte Regel wahrzunehmen wäre. Vor dem Affix ka (abrahmabandhū́ka, avrī́hika) eine abweichende Betonung, P. 6, 2, 173. 174. Die indischen Lexicographen geben der Negation auch die Bedeutung von wenig (īṣadarthe TRIK. svalpārthe MED. H. an.), weil sie, wie auch in andern Sprachen, bisweilen in übertreibender Weise gebraucht wird. So umschreibt z. B. ŚKDR. akeśa durch

1) keśarahita haarlos,

2) alpakeśayukta mit wenig Haar versehen,

3) apraśastakeśaviśiṣṭa nicht durch schönes Haar ausgezeichnet.

— 2) mit Adjectiven aller Art: akrūra nicht rauh M. 2, 33. ataijasa nicht von Metall M. 6, 53. ahastābharaṇopeta nicht mit Handschmuck versehen R. 1, 6, 9. átīkṣṇa oder atīkṣṇá, áśuci oder aśucí; dieselbe doppelte Betonung haben die Nomina ag. auf tar mit dem Accent auf der ersten Silbe, P. 6, 2, 161. Vgl. über die Betonung noch P. 6, 2, 155 - 158. 160. Bisweilen verlieren solche Composita ganz die ihnen ursprünglich zukommende Unbestimmtheit des Begriffs, indem durch das Negiren eines bestimmten Begriffes der gerade entgegengesetzte Begriff gemeint wird; so bedeutet z. B. asita nicht weiss geradezu schwarz. Zwei Negationen bejahen: anamitaṃpaca = mitaṃpaca, anasūri CHĀND. UP. 4, 3, 7. = sūri .

— 3) mit verschiedenen Pronominibus: asas nicht er, aneṣas nicht dieser P. 6, 1, 132. Vgl. akasmāt, akiṃcana, akutobhaya, akutrā, akudhryañc .

— 4) mit Adverbien: amṛṣā in Wahrheit BṚH. ĀR. UP. 3, 9, 28. asakṛt nicht einmal, öfters.

— 5) mit Participien aller Art, mit dem Gerundivum und mit dem Infinitiv: māmapaśyan N. 11, 12. kiṃ nu me syādidamakurvataḥ was würde wohl mit mir geschehen, wenn ich dieses nicht thäte N. 10, 10. ánanna oder ananná P. 6, 2, 161. Das Partic. praet. pass. verbindet sich mit der verneinten Form desselben Partic. sehr häufig zu einem Compositum, P. 2, 1, 60. (kṛtākṛtam, bhuktābhuktam, aśitānaśitena jīvati, kliṣṭākliśitena vartate Sch.) akartavyá, akaraṇīyá P. 6, 2, 160. ádatvā AV. 12, 5, 19. anavāpya VIŚV. 8, 17. anaśituṃ dadhre CHĀND. UP. 4, 10, 3. nāśakattīvramāyāsamakartum DAŚ. 2, 19. veti śakyamavaktum PAT. zu P. 7, 3, 70. anyataracchakyamakartum id. zu 1, 1, 62.

— 6) mit einem Verbum finitum: apacasi tvaṃ jālma du kochst nicht (im Vorwurf), Narr! Vārtt. zu P. 6, 3, 73. — Man hat die neg. Partikel a mit dem im vorigen Artikel besprochenen Pronominalstamm der 3ten Person identificirt; die indischen Grammatiker dagegen halten a für eine Verstümmelung von na (nañ); s. P. 6, 3, 73 - 77. VOP. 6, 9.

4. a Augment beim Imperfect, Aorist und Conditionalis. Ist wohl auch auf den unter 2. erwähnten Pronominalstamm der 3ten Person zurückzuführen.

5. a m. Viṣṇu TRIK. 1, 1, 29. MED. avy. 2.

3. a

5) anarcitum R. 2, 48, 10. avartitum 111, 6.

— 6) scheinbar in der Stelle yadyanupaśyet yadyanānupaśyet AIT. BR. 7, 6, wo aber zu lesen ist yadyu nānupaśyet .

3. a

6) aspṛhayānta BHĀG. P. 3, 25, 37.

6. a (angeblich von 1. at) m. N. pr. eines Mannes PAT. in MAHĀBH. lith. Ausg. 1,172,b.

— Vgl. 5. i weiter unten.

1. (a) . Deutestamm der 3. Person, siehe unter idám. Mit ihm zusammengesetzt sind á-tas, á-tra, a-dyá und wahrscheinlich alle Präpositionen und Partikeln der Form a-a, a-i, a-u, in denen zwischen den beiden Vokalen ein Konsonant steht.

2. (a) . Deutestamm der 1. Person, siehe unter ahám.

3. (a) . siehe unter an-.

1. a Pron. der 3ten Person. Davon asmaí , asyaí , asmā́t , asyā́s , asyá , asmín , asyā́m , ābhyā́m , ebhís , ābhís , ebhyás , ābhyás , eṣā́m , āsā́m eṣú , āsú Diesem , diesem hier u.s.w. Unbetont Subst. ihm , ihr u.s.w. Vgl. ayam , ayā , idam , ima , iyam , ena , enā.

2. a° vor Consonanten , an° vor Vocalen = ἀ, ἀν priv. abrāhmaṇa kein Brahman , anadhyāya kein Lesen , asveda schweisslos , anaṅga körperlos , aśuci unrein , atarha unwürdig , akṛtvā nicht gethan habend , anarcitum (selten) nicht ehren , aspṛhayanti (BHĀG. P. ŚIŚ. 15,33) sie begehren nicht.

3. *a Interj.

4. *a m.

— 1) Viṣṇu.

— 2) fingirter Mannsname.

1. a Pron-Stamm der 3. Person.

2. a, an (°—) negat. Präfix -un, vor Subst., Adj., Adv., Partic. u. Ger.; selten vor Inf. und Verb. fin.

2. a° , asvaptum Tāṇḍya-Br. 10, 4, 4.

4. *a m. ° = sarvajño 'rhan, S I, 53, 3.

— Viṣṇu, H 31, 9; Vās. 113, 1.

*

1. a stirps demonstrativa; v. gr. 270.

2. a (ut mihi videtur, a praec. v. gr. comp. 371.) particula

negativa, quae vocabulis praefigitur per compositionem.

Ante vocales ei additur n euphonicum (v. gr. 114, 667

et cf. gr. lat. in, goth. et germ. un).

a pu0 avati rakṣati atati sātatyena tiṣṭhatīti vā ava—ata—
vā ḍa . viṣṇau “akāro viṣṇuruddiṣṭa ukārastu maheśvaraḥ .
makārastu smṛtobrahmā praṇavastu trayātmaka” iti . asya
(viṣṇoḥ) apatyam ata iñ iḥ (kāmaḥ) asya (viṣṇoḥ)
patnī ṅīp ī (lakṣmīḥ) .

a avya0 ava—prīṇanādau ḍa svarādipāṭhādavyayatvam . abhāve,
pratiṣedhe svalpe'rthe anukampāyāṃ, sambodhane, a ananta! .
adhikṣepe, a pacasi tvaṃ jālma! . “upasargasvaravibhakti-
pratirūpakāśceti” svarādigaṇasūtre a iti siddhānta-
kaumudyāmudāhṛtaṃ manoramāyāñca a saṃbodhane adhikṣepe
niṣedhe ceti vyākhyātam . “abhāve nahyanona” ityamara-
ṭīkāyāṃ nañādeśo'yamityuktam . sa ca ādeśaḥ nakhanamucyā-
dibhinnaśabdaghaṭake uttarapadasthe halādau śabde pare bhavati .
sa tu nañarthe eva sthānitulyārthakatvādādeśasya . nañarthāśca
tatsādṛśyamabhāvaśca tadanyatvaṃ tadalpatā .
aprāśastyaṃ virodhaśca nañarthāḥ ṣaṭ prakīrttitāḥ ..
ityukteḥ ṣaḍvidhāḥ . tatra abrāhmaṇaïtyādau brāhmaṇasādṛśya-
vattvena kṣattriyādīnāṃ bodhakatā, aghaṭamityādau ghaṭā-
bhāvasya, apaṭa ityādau paṭabhinnasya, anudarā kanyetyādau
alpodaratvasya, apaśavo vai anye go'śvebhyaïtyādau gavāśva-
bhinnapaśūnāmaprāśastyasya, asuraḥ asita ityādau ca surasita
virodhasya bodhakatā . tatrāyaṃ viśeṣaḥ nañaḥ sarvvatra abhāve
bhede ca śaktiḥ sādṛśyādau tu nirūḍhalakṣaṇā . tatra aghaṭa-
mityādau avyayībhāve, adhana ityādau bahuvrīhau bhāva
kṛdantottarapadake “abhedaḥ ajñānamityādau” nañtatpuruṣe ca
abhāvabodhakatā . bhāvakṛdantabhinnottarapadanañtatpuruṣe tu
aghaṭa ityādau bhinnatvabodhakateti . atredaṃ bodhyam .
samāse halādau uttarapade nañaḥ sthāne a ityādeśavidhānena
samāsaevāsya nañarthakasya a ityasya prayogaḥ nānyathā, sambo-
dhanādyarthakasya tu pṛthakprayogaḥ kintu “nañonalopastiṅi
kṣepe” iti vārttikena tiṅantapade pare'pi nañādeśasya vidhā-
nāt tasyaiva pṛthakprayogaḥ . adhikaṃ nañśabdārthāvasare
vakṣyate . ajīvanirityādau adhikṣepārthakatā ajasramityādau
upa0 sa0 . tasya ca kriyāyogāt pratiṣedhārthakatā .

a “aḥśrīkaṇṭhaḥ sureśaśca lalāṭaṃ caikamātṛkaḥ . pūrṇo
darī sṛṣṭimeṣau sārakhatapriyaṃvadaḥ . mahābrāhmī vāsudevo-
dhaneśaḥ keśavo'mṛtam . kīrttirnivṛttirvāgīśo narakā-
rirharomarut . brahmā rāmānujohrasva kāmaśca praṇavādyakaḥ .
brahmāṇī kāmarūpaśca kāmeśīvāsinī viyat . viśveśaḥ
śrīviṣṇukaṇṭhau pratipattithiraśvinī . arkamaṇḍalaṃ varṇādyo
brāhmaṇaḥ kāmakarṣiṇī” .

a “śṛṇu tattvamakārasya atigopyaṃvarānane! . śarac-
candrapratīkāśaṃ pañcakośamayaṃ sadā . pañcadevamayaṃ varṇaṃ
śaktitrayasamanvitam . nirguṇaṃ triguṇopetaṃ svayaṃ kaiva-
lyamūrttimat . vindutattvamayaṃ varṇaṃ svayaṃprakṛtirūpakam” .

a , akāraḥ . ādyasvaravarṇaḥ . asyoccāraṇasthānaṃ
kaṇṭhaḥ . sa tu hrasvo dīrghaḥ plutaśca bhavati . iti
vyākaraṇaṃ .. asya lekhanaprakāro yathā, —
“dakṣataḥ kuṇḍalī bhūtvā kuñcitā vāmato gatā .
tatorddhvasaṅgatā rekhā dakṣorddhvā tāsuśaṅkaraḥ ..
vidhirnārāyaṇaścaiva santiṣṭhet kramataḥ sadā .
arddhamātrā śaktirūpā dhyānamasya ca kathyate ..”
iti varṇoddhāratantraṃ .. asya tattvaṃ yathā, —
“śṭaṇu tattvamakārasya atigopyaṃ varānane .
śaraccandrapratīkāśaṃ pañcakoṇamayaṃ sadā ..
pañcadevamayaṃ varṇaṃ śaktitrayasamanvitaṃ .
nirguṇaṃ triguṇopetaṃ svayaṃ kaivalyamūrttimān ..
vindutattvamayaṃ varṇaṃ svayaṃ prakṛtirūpiṇī” .
iti kāmadhenutantraṃ .. asya paryyāyaḥ .
“aḥ śrīkaṇṭho mātṛkādyo'nanto viṣṇuranuttaraḥ” .
iti vījavarṇābhidhānaṃ .. anyacca .
“aḥ śrīkaṇṭhaḥ sureśaśca lalāṭañcaikamātrikaḥ .
pūrṇodarī sṛṣṭimedhau sārasvataḥ priyambadaḥ ..
mahābrāhmī vāsudevo dhaneśaḥ keśavo'mṛtaṃ .
kīrttirnivṛttirvvāgīśo narakārirharo marut ..
brahmā vāmādyajo hrasvaḥ karasuḥ praṇavādyakaḥ” .
praṇavādyāvayava ityarthaḥ .
“brahmāṇī kāmarūpaśca kāmeśī vāsinī biyat ..
viśveśaḥ śrīviṣṇukaṇṭhau pratipattithiraṃśinī .
arkamaṇḍalavarṇādyau brāhmaṇaḥ kāmakarṣiṇī” ..
iti varṇābhidhānatantraṃ ..

a , vya, abhāvaḥ . alpaḥ . niṣedhaḥ . anukampā . iti
medinī . (naño'yamakāraḥ ṣaḍvidhān nañarthān bodha-
yati . yathā, —
“tatsādṛśyamabhāvaśca tadanyatvaṃ tadalpatā .
aprāśastyaṃ virodhaśca nañarthāḥ ṣaṭ prakīrttitāḥ” ..
iti . sādṛśye yathā — abrāhmaṇaḥ brāhmaṇasadṛśa-
ityarthaḥ . abhāve yathā — abhojanaṃ bhojanābhāvaḥ .
anyatve yathā, — paṭaḥ aghaṭaḥ, paṭaḥ ghaṭabhinna-
ityarthaḥ . alpatve yathā — anudarī kanyā alpodarī
ityarthaḥ . aprāśastye yathā, — adhanaṃ carmmadhanaṃ,
carmmadhanam apraśastadhanam ityarthaḥ . virodhe yathā
— adharmmaḥ parāpakāraḥ, parāpakāraḥ dharmmavirodhī
ityarthaḥ .)

a-, an- , negative prefix: (1) prefixed to finite verbs,

as rarely in Skt. (Renou p. 175) but rather often in Pali

(CPD s.v. 7); here not common: apaśyanti SP 324.2;

anatikramāmo Mv ii.80.8; anicchiyati (?) Mv iii.295.18;

see § 23.17; (2) in sense described for Pali in CPD s.v. 2,

a cpd. in a- following the same word without a-, and

preceding a form of kṛ: samitim asamitiṃ kṛtvā Divy

41.10, lit. making the assembly no assembly, i.e. quitting

the assembly; tasya vacanam avacanaṃ kṛtvā Divy 41.28,

disregarding his advice. See an-a-.

A (a). The first letter (Vowel) of all Indian languages.

According to the Nānārtharatnamālā this letter has the

following meanings:—Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Śiva, tortoise,

courtyard, battle, harem, jewellery, sea, Pārvatī and bow-

string.

A Location: In the north (prayayāv

uttarāṃ tasmād diśam) 2. 24. 1. B. Des-

cription: Delightful (ramya) 2. 24. 19.

C. Epic event: It was ruled by Cirāyudha:

Arjuna defeated him in battle in his expedi-

tion to the north of Indraprastha before

the Rājasūya (tataḥ siṃhapuraṃ ramyaṃ

citrāyudhasurakṣitam/prāmathad … pāka-

śāsanir āhave//) 2. 24. 19.