gandharva

gandharva gandharva, and rba rba, I.

m. A Gandharva: in epic poetry

the Gandharvas are demigods inhabit-

ing Indra's heaven, and serving as

celestial musicians, MBh. 1, 4806. II.

f. vī. 1. A female Gandharva,

Bhāg. P. 4, 29, 21. 2. A mythological per-

son, Rām. 3, 20, 28; 29. — Comp. Sa-,

f. bā, with the Gandharba, Vikr. 13, 19.

Deva-, m. a celestial Gandharva, Rām.

1, 75, 28 Gorr.

gandharva gandharva or sometimes in post-

Vedic writings gandharba, as, m. a Gandharva.

Though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded

as a class, yet in the Ṛg-veda rarely more than one

is mentioned; he is commonly designated as the

‘heavenly Gandharva’ (divyo Gandharvaḥ), and

sometimes named Viśvā-vasu; his habitation is the

sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters;

his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma,

which the gods obtain through his intervention. It

is obtained for the human race by Indra, who

conquers the Gandharva and takes it by force. The

heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good phy-

sician, because the Soma is considered as the best

medicine; possibly, however, the word Soma origin-

ally denoted not the beverage so called, but the

moon, and the heavenly Gandharva may have been

the genius or tutelary deity of the moon. It is cer-

tain that the heavenly Gandharva and the Soma are

sometimes identified. He is also regarded as one of

the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses;

he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven

and divine truths generally. He is the parent of the

first pair of human beings, Yama and Yamī, and has

a peculiar mystical power over women and a right

to possess them. For this reason he is invoked in

marriage ceremonies. Exstatic states of mind and

possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived

from the heavenly Gandharva. With Jainas he is an

attendant of the seventeenth Arhat of the present

Avasarpiṇī. The Gandharvas as a class have the same

characteristic features as the one Gandharva; they

live in the sky, guard the Soma, are governed by

Varuṇa (just as the Apsarasas are governed by Soma),

know the best medicines, regulate the course of the

asterisms (in one passage of the Vājasaneyi-Saṃhitā

twenty-seven being mentioned), follow after women

and are desirous of intercourse with them. As soon

as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma,

the Gandharvas and Agni. The wives of the Gandhar-

vas are the Apsarasas, and like them the Gandharvas

are invoked in gambling with dice; they are also

feared as evil beings together with the Rakṣasas,

Kimīdins, Piśācas, &c., amulets being worn as a

protection against them. In the Śatapatha-Brāh-

maṇa they are called the preceptors of the Ṛṣis.

In epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial mu-

sicians or heavenly singers who form the orchestra at

the banquets of the gods, and they belong together

with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing also in

his battles. In the more systematic mythology the

Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which

the higher creation is divided (e. g. gods, manes,

Gandharvas; or gods, Asuras, Gandharvas, men, &c.).

In one passage of the Taittirīya-Āraṇyaka eleven

classes of Gandharvas are mentioned. The chief or

leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha. They

are sometimes called the creatures of Prajāpati or

Brahmā. With Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one

of the eight classes of the Vyantaras. The following

meanings are also given to the word gandharva —

a singer; the Koïl or black cuckoo; the soul after

death, and previous to its being born again (cor-

responding in some respects to the western notion

of a ghost); a horse; the sun; a sage, a pious man;

a kind of deer, according to some, the musk deer;

(ī), f. Gandharvī, a daughter of Su-rabhi and mother

of the race of horses; [cf. Gr. κένταυρος.] —Gan-

dharva-khaṇḍa, one of the nine divisions of Bhārata-

varṣa. —Gandharva-gṛhīta, as, ā, am, Ved. pos-

sessed by a Gandharva. —Gandharva-graha, as, m.

the being possessed by a Gandharva. —Gandharva-

nagara or gandharva-pura, am, n. the city of

the Gandharvas, an imaginary town in the sky, pro-

bably the result of the phenomenon called mirage.

—Gandharvanagarākāra (°ra-āk°), as, ā, am,

resembling the city of the Gandharvas. —Gandharva-

patnī, f., Ved. the wife of a Gandharva, an Apsaras.

—Gandharva-rāja, as, m. Citra-ratha, chief of the

Gandharvas. —Gandharvartu (°va-ṛtu), us, m.,

Ved. the time or season of the Gandharvas. —Gan-

dharva-vidyā, f. the science of the Gandharvas,

music, dancing. —Gandharva-vivāha, as, m. one

of the forms of marriage described in Manu III. 27,

&c., viz. the form of the Gandharvas; it is described

as a marriage proceeding entirely from love or the

mutual inclination of a youth and maiden without cere-

monies and without consulting relatives, and is allow-

able between persons of the second or military class.

—Gandharva-veda, as, m. the Gandharva-veda,

the science of music considered as a branch of the

Sāma-veda. —Gandharva-hasta or gandharva-

hastaka, as, m. the castor-oil tree, Palma Christi or

Ricinus Communis, (the leaves being compared to

the foot of a deer.)

gandharvá, m.

—1. orig., perhaps, the deity of the moon, the Gandharva;

—2. in Epos, pl. Gandharvas, heavenly singers belonging to Indra's court; as sing. one of these, a Gandharva.

gandharvá m. N. of a genius, connected with Soma and the Sun; w. apām = garbha; later mostly pl. the heavenly singers.

gandharva gandhar-vá, m. N. of a genius closely
connected w. Soma and the sun: sts. pl. (V.); celestial
musician inhabiting Indra' sheaven (C.).

gandharvá as, m. a Gandharva [though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded as a class, yet in RV. rarely more than one is mentioned; he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva (divyá g°, RV. ix, 86, 36 and x, 139, 5), and is also called Viśvā-vasu (RV. x, 85, 21 and 22; 139, 4 and 5) and Vāyu-keśa (in pl. RV. iii, 38, 6); his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters (RV. i, 22, 14; viii, 77, 5; ix, 85, 12; 86, 36; x, 10, 4; AV. ii, 2, 3); his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma (RV. ix, 83, 4 and 85, 12), which the gods obtain through his intervention (RV.; AV. vii, 73, 3; cf. RV. i, 22, 14); it is obtained for the human race by Indra, who conquers the Gandharva and takes it by force (RV. viii, 1, 11 and 77, 5); the heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good physician, because the Soma is considered as the best medicine; possibly, however, the word Soma originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly Gandharva may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon; in one passage (RV. ix, 86, 36) the heavenly Gandharva and the Soma are identified; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (i, 163, 2; x, 177, 2; cf. 135, 5); he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally (x, 139, 5 and 6; AV. ii, 1, 2; xx, 128, 3; VS. xi, 1; xxxii, 9); he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, Yama and Yamī (RV. x, 10, 4), and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them (RV. x, 85, 21 and 22; 40 and 41); for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies (AV. xiv, 2, 35 and 36); ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva (cf. -gṛhīta, -graha); the Gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva; they live in the sky (RV.; AV.; ŚBr. xiv), guard the Soma (RV. ix, 113, 3; ŚBr. iii; AitBr. i, 27), are governed by Varuṇa (just as the Apsarasas are governed by Soma), ŚBr. xiii; ĀśvŚr. x, 7, 3, know the best medicines (AV. viii, 7, 23; VS. xii, 98), regulate the course of the asterisms (AV. xiii, 1, 23; BhP. iv, 29, 21; hence twenty-seven are mentioned, VS. ix, 7), follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them (AV.; ŚBr. iii); as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma, the Gandharvas, and Agni (Gṛhyās. ii, 19 f.; Pañcat.; Suśr.); the wives of the Gandharvas are the Apsarasas (cf. gandharvāpsarás), and like them the Gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice (AV. vii, 109, 5); they are also feared as evil beings together with the Rākṣasas, Kimīdins, Piśācas, &c., amulets being worn as a protection against them (AV.; Suśr.); they are said to have revealed the Vedas to Vāc (ŚBr. iii; cf. PārGṛ. ii, 12, 2), and are called the preceptors of the Ṛṣis (ŚBr. xi); Purūravas is called among them (ib.); in epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers (cf. RV. x, 177, 2) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing also in his battles (Yājñ. i, 71; MBh.; Hariv. &c.; cf. RTL. p. 238); in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (i.e. gods, manes, Gandharvas, AV. xi, 5, 2; or gods, Asuras, Gandharvas, men, TS. vii, 8, 25, 2; cf. ŚBr. x; or gods, men, Gandharvas, Apsarasas, Sarpas, and manes, AitBr. iii, 31, 5; for other enumerations cf. Nir. iii, 8; Mn. i, 37 [RTL. p. 237] & iii, 196; vii, 23; xii, 47; Nal. &c.); divine and human Gandharvas are distinguished (TUp. ii, 8; the divine or Deva-Gandharvas are enumerated, MBh. i, 2550 ff. and 4810 ff.); another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas (TĀr. i, 9, 3); the chief or leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha (Bhag. x, 26); they are called the creatures of Prajāpati (Mn. i, 37) or of Brahmā (Hariv. 11793) or of Kaśyapa (11850) or of the Munis (MBh. i, 2550; Hariv. 11553) or of Prādhā (MBh. i, 2556) or of Ariṣṭā (Hariv. 234; VP. i, 21) or of Vāc (PadmaP.); with Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras]

N. of the attendant of the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī, L.

a singer, VarBṛS. lxxxvii, 33; BhP. i, 11, 21

the Koïl or black cuckoo, L.

a sage, pious man, Mahīdh. on VS. xxxii, 9

a horse, MBh. iii, 11762

cf. ii, 1043

the musk deer (derived fr. gandha), L.

the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost), L.

N. of the 14th Kalpa or period of the world, VāyuP. i, 21, 30

of the 21st Muhūrta, Sūryapr.

of a Svara or tone (for gāndhāra?), Hariv. ii, 120, 4

gandharvá m. pl. the Gandharvas (See above)

gandharvá m. N. of a people (named together with the Gāndhāras), R. vii, 100, 10 f. and 101, 2 ff. and 11; VarBṛS. xiv, 31

gandharva [cf. Gk. κένταυρος fr. κενθαρϝο-ς.]

gandharva- m. n. d'êtres semi-divins, gardiens du Soma, musiciens célestes ; d'un chanteur ; d'un cheval ; pl., aussi n. d'un peuple ; -ī- f. fille de Surabhi et mère de la race chevaline ; nuit ; -tva- nt. état de Gandharva .

°nagara- nt. n. d'une ville céleste ; capitale du peuple des Gandharva ; °pura- id. ; mirage.

°vidyā- f. science des Gandharva, musique.

°vivāha- m. mariage à la mode des G. (sans rites ni autorisation de la famille).

gandharvá (gandharva öfters in den nachvedischen Schriften)

1) mytholog. Name. Am Ende eines adj. comp. f. ā VIKR. 13, 19.

a) Gandharva sg.

α) Im ṚV. wird nur sehr selten eine Mehrzahl, häufig dagegen ein Gandharva genannt, und man kann annehmen, dass die früheste Vorstellung von einem solchen Wesen ausgegangen sei. Der G. wird öfters der himmlische (divya) genannt und heisst, wo er einen besondern Namen führt, Viśvāvasu (s. d.) ṚV. 9, 86, 36. 10, 139, 5. AV. 2, 2, 1. VS. 11, 1. 7. Sein Sitz ist bald der Himmelsraum, bald das Luftgebiet, die Region der Gewässer (āpaḥ, samudraḥ, rajāṃsi) ṚV. 9, 85, 12. 86, 36. 1, 22, 14. 8, 66, 5. 10, 10, 4. AV. 2, 2, 3.

— β) der G. steht in besonderer Beziehung zu Soma als dessen Behüter: gàndhàrva ìtthā pàdamâsya (somasya) rakṣatì pātî dèvānā̀ṃ janîmā̀nyadbhûtaḥ ṚV. 9, 83, 4. ū̀rdhvo gândhàrvo adhì nākê asthā̀dviśvā̂ rū̀pā prâtìcakṣā̂ṇo asya (somasya) 85, 12. durch seinen Mund schlürfen die Götter ihren Trank: (camaso devapānaḥ) tamù viśvê àmṛtā̂so juṣā̀ṇā gândhàrvasyà pratyā̀snā rîhanti AV. 7, 73, 3; vgl. ṚV. 1, 22, 14. Wenn Indra ihn überwindet, so hat das die Bedeutung, dass dadurch für die Menschen der Soma gewonnen wird: tsarâdgandhàrvamastṛ̂tam ṚV. 8, 1, 11. àbhi gândhàrvamâtṛṇadabùdhneṣù rajàssvā . indrô bràhmabhyà idvṛ̀dhe .. 66, 5. Soma selbst wird dem himmlischen Gandharva gleichgesetzt ṚV. 9, 86, 36, und in der Aufzählung der überirdischen Gatten des Weibes, ehe dasselbe Eigenthum des Mannes wurde, erscheint die Reihe: Soma, Gandharva, Agni 10, 85, 40. 41. Vgl. auch VS. 17, 32, wo unter dem Vater der Kräuter eher Soma, als mit dem Schol. Parjanya verstanden werden kann. Wie der Soma das trefflichste Heilmittel ist, so ist der Gandharva überhaupt kräuterkundig AV. 4, 4, 1. Diese Verbindung des G. mit Soma scheint uns nicht' vom Soma als Trank, sondern vom Monde, dem himmlischen Soma auszugehen. Der G. mag ein Genius des Mondes gewesen sein, eines Gestirnes, für welches uns bisher im Veda eine Schutzgottheit fehlte. Diese Stellung ist auch mit den folgenden Zügen im Einklange.

— γ) der G. ist unter den Genien, welche den Lauf des Sonnenrosses regeln: gàndhàrvo âsya raśànāmâgṛbhṇāt ṚV. 1, 163, 2. pàtàṃgo vācàṃ manâsā bibhartì tāṃ gândhàrvo 'vadàdgarbhê àntaḥ (diese Stelle liesse sich auch vom Monde selbst verstehen; vgl. 10, 189, 3) 10, 177, 2. Er heisst wie die Sonne ein Durchmesser des Dunstkreises: rajâso vìmānâḥ 139, 5. Er kennt und verkündigt die Geheimnisse des Himmels, überhaupt göttliche Wahrheiten: prāsā̂ṃ (nadīnāṃ) gandhàrvo àmṛtā̂ni vocat 6. pra tadvôcedàmṛtâsya vìdvāngândhàrvo dhāmâ paramaṃ guhā̀ yat AV. 2, 1, 2. 20, 128, 3. VS. 32, 9. vìśvāvâsuràbhi tannô gṛṇātu dìvyo gândhàrvo rajâso vìmānâḥ yadvā̂ dhā sàtyamùta yanna vìdma dhiyô hinvā̀no dhiyà innô avyāḥ ṚV. 10, 139, 5. dìvyo gândhàrvaḥ kêtàpūḥ ketâṃ naḥ punātu VS. 11, 1.

— δ) vom Gandharva stammt das erste menschliche Paar Yama und Yamī (wie vom Mondsgenius Heimdall die Menschen stammen nach der Völuspa): gàndhàrvo àpsvapyā̂ cà yoṣā̀ sā naù nābhîḥ paràmaṃ jā̀mi tannaû ṚV. 10, 10, 4. Auf das Weib besitzt er besondere Anrechte (s. auch oben u. b), um deren Aufgebung er bei der Heirathscerimonie angefleht wird; so wie in der Folge die Gandharva überhaupt als begehrlich nach Weibern geschildert werden. Denn das Weib steht durch die Wiederkehr ihrer Zeiten in besonderer Abhängigkeit vom Mondumlaufe, ṚV. 10, 85, 21. 22. 40. 41. AV. 14, 2, 35. 36. In denselben Zusammenhang ist wenigstens theilweise zu ziehen, dass von den Gandharva Besessensein und Inspiration abgeleitet wird (s. gandharvagṛhīta, gandharvagraha) und dass ihre Weiber, die Apsaras, Wahnsinn verursachen können, worunter aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach die Mondsucht zu verstehen ist.

— ε) Bei den Jaina ist Gandharva der Diener des 17ten Arhant's der gegenwärtigen Avasarpiṇī H. 43.

— b) Die Gandharva, als eine Mehrzahl von Wesen, theilen die meisten der von Gandharva ausgesagten Züge.

α) apâśyàmatrà manâsā jagànvānvràte gândhàrvām̐ apî vā̀yukêśān ṚV. 3, 38, 6. àpsàrasā̂ṃ gandhàrvāṇā̂ṃ mṛ̀gāṇā̀ṃ carâṇè carân 10, 136, 6. vàśā sâmùdramadhyâṣṭhādgandhàrvaiḥ kàlibhîḥ sàha AV. 10, 10, 13. Die Düfte der Erde steigen zu ihnen auf 12, 1, 23. mit ihnen wohnen die Seligen zusammen: āstê yàma upâ yāti dèvāntsaṃ gândhàrvaiḥ mâdate sòmyebhîḥ 4, 34, 3. gandharvalokāḥ zwischen deva° und prajāpati° ŚAT. BR. 14, 6, 6, 1. 7, 1, 37. VP. 48.

— β) Soma- Wächter: somo vai rājā gandharṣeṣvāsīt AIT. BR. 1, 27. taṃ gândhàrvāḥ pratyâgṛbhṇàntaṃ somè rasàmādâdhuḥ ṚV. 9, 113, 3. ŚAT. BR. 3, 2, 4, 2. fgg. 6, 2, 9. 9, 3, 18. Varuṇa ist ihr Gebieter, wie Soma derjenige der Apsaras 13, 4, 3, 7. ĀŚV. ŚR. 10, 7. sie sind kräuterkundig AV. 8, 7, 23. VS. 12, 98.

— γ) die G. sind thätig beim Lauf der Gestirne: (rohiṇāṃ) gàndhàrvāḥ kàśyapā̀ unnâyantì tāṃ râkṣanti kàvayo 'prâmādam AV. 13, 1, 23. (saṃvatsarasya) tasyāhānīha gandharvā gandharvyo rātrayaḥ smṛtāḥ . harantyāyuḥ parikrāntyā ṣaṣṭyuttaraśatatrayam .. BHĀG. P. 4, 29, 21. Siebenundzwanzig G., so viele als Nakṣatra, werden gezählt VS. 9, 7. Sie verkünden der Vāk die Veda ŚAT. BR. 3, 2, 4, 4 (vgl. PĀR. GṚHY. 2, 11), sind Lehrer der Ṛṣi 11, 2, 3, 7. Purūravas wird G. 5, 1, 12. fgg.

— δ) die Gandharva suchen die Weiber auf und sind ihnen gefährlich AV. 4, 37, 11. 8, 6, 19. namentlich bei der Heirath 14, 2, 9. yoṣitkāmāḥ ŚAT. BR. 3, 2, 4, 3. 9, 3, 20. Mit dem Eintritt der Pubertät gehört die Jungfrau dem Soma, den Gandharva und Agni GṚHYASAṂGR. 2, 30. 31. vyañjanaistu samutpannaiḥ somo bhuṅkte hi kanyakām . payodharābhyāṃ gandharvā rajasyagniḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ .. PAÑCAT. III, 214. 211. 212. kāmāṃste pāntu gandharvāḥ SUŚR. 1, 17, 5.

— ε) ihre Weiber sind die Apsaras (s. d.): gàndhàrvā̀psàrasâḥ VS. 30, 8. AV. 8, 8, 15. 9, 7, 10. ŚAT. BR. 9, 4, 1, 2. 10, 5, 2, 20. 11, 5, 3, 7. ĀŚV. GṚHY. 3, 4. 9. ŚĀṄKH. ŚR. 6, 2, 2. MBH. 1, 4806. 2, 396. Man verehrt sie wie die Apsaras beim Würfelspiel AV. 7, 109, 5; fürchtet sie als böse Wesen neben den Rakṣas, Kimīdin, Piśāca u. s. w. und trägt gegen sie Amulete und dgl. AV. 4, 37, 2. 8, 5, 13. 12, 1, 50. SUŚR. 1, 16, 16. Mit den Sarpa genannt AV. 8, 8, 15. 7, 23; ihr Kampf mit den Nāga VP. 370. Sie verschlingen wie andere Dämonen das Opfer AV. 4, 37, 8.

— ζ) vom Epos an sind die Gandharva die himmlichen Sänger und gehören mit den Apsaras zum Hofstaat Indra's; auch nehmen sie an seinen Kämpfen Theil. LIA. I, 772. fgg. AK. 1, 1, 1, 48. 3, 4, 21, 135. H. 183. MBH. 1, 4806. fgg. bhrātarau svarasaṃpannau gandharvāviva rūpiṇau R. 1, 4, 11. HARIV. 11793. fg. YĀJÑ. 1, 71. PAÑCAT. III, 212. VP. 41. ŚĀK. 38, 14. fgg.

— η) im mythologischen System bilden sie eine der Klassen, in welche die höhere Schöpfung zerfällt, z. B. Götter, Manen, Gandharva AV. 11, 5, 2. Götter, Asura, G. und Menschen TS. 7, 8, 25, 2 (vgl. ŚAT. BR. 10, 6, 4, 1). Götter, Menschen, G., Apsaras, Sarpa und Manen AIT. BR. 3, 31. G., Manen, Götter, Asura, Rakṣas NIR. 3, 8. gandharvā guhyakā yakṣā vibudhānucarāśca ye . tathaivāpsarasaḥ sarvā rājasīṣuttamā gatiḥ .. M. 12, 47. 3, 196. 7, 23. N. 1, 28. 3, 17. BHAG. 11, 22. VIŚV. 1, 6. 5, 17. HARIV. 12113. LALIT. 11 u.s.w. manuṣyaga° und devaga° TAITT. UP. 2, 8. Die devaga° einzeln aufgezählt MBH. 1, 2550. fgg. 4810. fgg. Eilf Schaaren (gaṇa) von Gandharva sind TAITT. ĀR. 1, 9, 3 genannt mit den Namen: svāna, bhrāj, aṅghāri (d. Hdschr. aghāri), bambhāri, hasta, suhasta, kṛśānu, viśvāvasu, sūrdhanvant, sūryavarcas, kṛti; vgl. VS. 4, 27. S. auch u. viśvāvasu, śikhaṇḍin . Die Namen hāhā und hūhū (Schreckenstöne) ŚĀṄKH. ŚR. 4, 10, 1. KAUŚ. 56 und sehr häufig im Epos. Dagegen können die Personificationen aus dem Kreise des Ackerbaues ŚAT. BR. 11, 2, 3, 7 nicht als wirkliche Namen von G. gelten. kiṃnarā nāma gandharvā narā nāma tathā pare MBH. 2, 396. Citraratha der vornehmste unter den G. BHAG. 10, 26. Die Gandharva sind devayonayaḥ AK. 1, 1, 1, 6. Geschöpfe der Prajāpati M. 1, 37. Brahman's (aus seiner Nasenspitze) HARIV. 11793. Kaśyapa's 11850. der Muni 11553. MBH. 1, 2550. VP. 370 (von WILSON fälschlich auf Muni Kaśyapa zurückgeführt), der Prādhā MBH. 1, 2556. der Ariṣṭā HARIV. 234. VP. 150. der Vāc (vgl. ṚV. 10, 177, 2 oben u.a, γ) PADMA-P. ebend. N. 21; vgl. 41. Bei den Jaina bilden die Gandharva eine der 8 Classen der Vyantara H. 183.

— c) f. gandharvī́ḥ rapâdgandhàrvīrapyā̂ cà yoṣâṇā nàdasyâ nā̀de parî pātu mè manâḥ ṚV. 10, 11, 2. neiva devī na gandharvī na yakṣī na ca kiṃnarī . tathārūpā mayā nārī dṛṣṭapūrvā mahītale .. R. 3, 38, 15. 6, 4, 34. tapasyantamṛṣiṃ tatra gandharvī paryupāsata . somadā nāma 1, 34, 39. madhurasvarā 42. Gandharvī ist eine Tochter der Surabhi und Mutter der Pferde MBH. 1, 2631. fg. R. 3, 20, 28. 29. VĀYU-P. in VP. 150, N. 19. gandharvyaḥ = rātrayaḥ BHĀG. P. 4, 29, 21 (s. u. b, γ). — Die iranische Sage kennt einen G. Zairipāśna, Goldferse YAṢT 5, 38. 19, 41. SPIEGEL, Gramm. der Pārsisprache 138. Vgl. KUHN, Gandharven und Kentauren in Z. f. vgl. Spr. I, 513. fgg.

— 2) aus der mythol. Bed. haben sich die folgenden entwickelt:

a) Sänger H. an. 3, 699. MED. b. 11. VARĀH. BṚH. 86, 32 (85, 114). naṭanartakagandharvāḥ sūtamāgadhavandinaḥ . gāyanti cottamaślokacaritānyadbhutāni ca .. BHĀG. P. 1, 11, 21.

— b) der indische Kuckuck (der Sänger unter den Vögeln) H. an. MED.

— c) die Seele nach dem Tode, bevor sie einen neuen Körper erwählt hat, AK. 3, 4, 21, 135. H. an. MED.

— d) Pferd AK. 2, 8, 2, 12. 3, 4, 21, 135. H. 1233. H. an. MED. Diese Bed. könnte man versucht sein auch MBH. 3, 11762 anzunehmen, wo es heisst: (yakṣāḥ kuverasya) rathaṃ saṃyojayāmāsurgandharvairhemamālibhiḥ, was, aber nicht nothwendig, wie KUHN (Z. f. vgl. Spr. I, 453) es thut, zu übersetzen ist: sie bespannten den Wagen mit Gandharva, sondern auch bedeuten könnte: sie liessen den Wagen durch Gandharva bespannen. Zu dieser letzten Auffassung berechtigt uns viell. MBH. 2, 1043, wo es ausdrücklich heisst, dass die Gandharva im Besitz vorzüglicher Pferde gewesen seien. Hiernach hätte man eher gāndharva als gandharva unter den Wörtern für Pferd erwarten können. Auch könnte man an eine Verwechselung mit gāndhāra denken, da die Pferde dieses Landes besonders erwähnt werden. Zu berücksichtigen ist aber auch auf der anderen Seite, dass gandharvī (s. u. 1, c) schon im Epos als Stammutter der Pferde angesehen wird.

— e) die Sonne WILSON. Beruht auf falscher Auffassung vedischer Stellen; vgl. COLEBR. Misc. Ess. I, 212.

— f) ein Weiser, ein frommer Mann COLEBR. Misc. Ess. I, 57, N. 2. MAHĪDH. zu VS. 32, 9. Ind. St. 2, 84. Diese Bed. ist eben so wenig berechtigt.

— 3) ein best. Thier AK. 2, 5, 11. H. an. MED. Nach den Erklärern: Bisamthier. Bei dieser Bed. ist man ohne Zweifel von gandha Geruch ausgegangen.

— Vgl. gāndharva .

gandharva

1)

b)

γ) Z. 1 lies (rohiṇīṃ) .

— ζ) Z. 6 lies ŚUK. st. ŚĀK.

— 2)

d) MBH. 3, 11762 fasst NĪLAK. das Wort in der Bed. Pferd.

— 4) pl. N. pr. eines Volkes, das neben den Gāndhāra auftritt und dessen Hauptstadt Takṣaśilā auch in das Land der Gāndhāra gesetzt wird. R. 7, 100, 11. 101, 2. 4. °deśa 11. °viṣaya 100, 10; vgl. gandharvanagara und gandharvapura .

— 5) N. eines Kalpa (Weltperiode), des 14ten Tages Brahman's, Verz. d. Oxf. H. 52,a,1; vgl. garuḍa 3). — Etymologie des Namens MĀRK. P. 48, 23. fg.

gandharvá, m., Name eines göttlichen Wesens oder einer Klasse derselben. Der Gandharve erscheint in nächster Beziehung zur Sonne. Er ergreift des Sonnenrosses Zügel ({163,2}); er steht hoch an des Himmels Wölbung ({797,12}; {949,7}), glänzende Waffen tragend, in schön duftenden Mantel gehüllt ({949,7}) und erleuchtet die Welten ({797,12}); so durchmisst er den Luftraum ({965,5}) und wird mit dem schöngeflügelten eilenden Vogel, der an des Himmels Wölbung fliegt, d. h. der Sonne ({949,6}), entweder gleichgesetzt oder zu ihm in nächste Beziehung gestellt ({797,12}; {1003,2}), ebenso mit Savitar und Puschan (965) und mit Soma, wo dieser der Sonne verglichen wird ({797,11}. 12, vgl. {798,36}), auch zum Theil mit Agni ({797,12}; {949,8}). Häufig erscheint er umgeben von himmlischen Gewässern ({798,36}; {836,4}; {837,2}, vgl. {1003,1}. 2), welche bei seinem Anblick niederrinnen ({965,4}). Unter diesen rinnenden himmlischen Gewässern scheint vorzugsweise der himmlische Soma gemeint, als dessen Beschützer ({795,4}) und Spender er erscheint (vgl. {22,14}; {825,3}). So scheinen auch die Gandharven es zu sein, die in die Somapflanze die himmlischen Somakräfte hineinlegen (vgl. {825,3}). Als Gattin des Gandharven erscheint die Apsaras ({949,5}), auch ápiā yósā ({836,4}), ápiā yósaṇā ({837,2}) genannt. Aus dem gandharvá und der ápiā yóṣā wird das erste Menschenpaar yamás und yamī́ erzeugt ({836,4}); über die unvermählte Jungfrau hat er besondere Macht; sie gehört ihm zunächst (dann dem Soma und Agni) an ({911,40}. 41), und bei der Vermählung muss er angefleht werden, die Braut dem Gatten zu überlassen (911). Er erscheint in Abhängigkeit von Indra, der ihn, während die Sonne ihr Ross antreibt, beschleicht und fängt ({621,11}), der ihn in den bodenlosen Lufträumen sich verschafft ({686,5}). Seine Beinamen sind viśvā́vasu (alle Schätze enthaltend) {965,4}. 5, welcher Beiname auch für sich zur Bezeichnung des Gandharven erscheint ({911,21}. 22, vgl. 40. 41), ferner diviá ({965,5}; {798,36}), vāyúkeśa (im Plural {272,6}). Auf den Gesang des Gandharven deutet hin {1003,2} (vgl. {837,2}), wie er denn auch als Kenner ({949,4}) und Verkünder ({965,6}) ewiger, göttlicher Geheimnisse genannt wird. Die Ableitung ist ungewiss, Zusammenhang mit den Centauren unwahrscheinlich. Da die Düfte der Erde [{AV. 12,1,23}] zu ihnen aufsteigen, auch im RV der Gandharve von Düften umgeben erscheint ({949,7}), so ist Ableitung aus gandhá (Duft) denkbar. Man hätte dann etwa ein gandhara [vgl. gandhā́ri] als Mittelstufe anzunehmen, woraus gandharvá wie pū́rva aus pura (purás, purā́) hervorgehen würde. Dann wären die Gandharven als die in dem himmlischen, duftigen Aether wohnenden aufzufassen.

-ás {163,2}; {795,4}; {797,12}; {836,4}; {911,40. 41}; {949,4. 7}; {965,5. 6}; {1003,2}.

-ám {621,11}; {686,5}; {798,36}; {965,4}.

-ā́ya {911,41}.

-ásya {22,14} padé.

-ā́s {825,3}.

-ā́n {272,6}.

-ā́ṇām cárane {962,6} neben apsarásām.

gandharvá

— 1) m. (adj. Comp. f. ā)

— a) N.pr.

— α) eines in nächster Beziehung zum Soma und zur Sonne stehenden Genius. Von ihm stammt das erste Menschenpaar , und auf das Weib besitzt er besondere Anrechte. Auch Pl. Ihre Weiber sind die Apsaras. Im Epos sind sie die himmlischen Sänger und gehören mit dem Apsaras zum Hofstaat Indra's.

— β) Pl. eines Volkes.

— γ) *des Dieners des 17ten Arhant's der Jaina.

— b) Sänger.

— c) *Weiser , frommer Mann.

— d) *der indische Kuckuck.

— e) Pferd.

— f) *Bisamthier.

— g) *die Seele nach dem Tode , bevor sie in einen neuen Körper einzieht.

— h) Bez. des 14ten Kalpa 2)h).

— i) Bez. des 21ten Muhūrta Ind. St. 10,296.

— k) ein best. Svara HARIV. 3,132,53. gāndharva v.l. , richtig wohl gāndhāra.

— 2) f. ā Bein. der Durgā HARIV. 2,120,4. gāndharvī v.l.

— 3) f. ī́ f. zu 1) a). Sie ist die Urmutter der Pferde.

gandharvá m. N. eines Genius (f. ī́); Pl. die himmlischen Sänger.

gandharva , vgl. Pischel, Vedische Studien I, 77 ff.

gandharva 1. a)a) zu lesen.

gandharva m. nomen Geniorum ordinis, qui musicam tractant,

in Indri coelo habitantes.

gandharva;
yakṣarākṣasagandharvasiddhakinnaraguhyakāḥ .
vidyādharāpsarobhūtapiśācā devayonayaḥ .. 87 ..
1.1.1.87

gandharva;
arvā gandharvo'śvaḥ saptirvājī turaṅgamasturagaḥ .
tārkṣyo haristuraṅgo yuyurukto ghoṭako hayo vāhaḥ .. 436 ..
2.1.1.436

Gandharva¹, pl. (°āḥ), the celestial musicians or singers.

§ 4 (Anukram.): I, 1, 105 (1,400,000 verses of the Mhbhr.

are known among the G.), 106 (Śuka recited the Mhbhr. to

the G., the Yakṣas, and the Rakṣases), †165 (all. to § 512).

—§ 11 (Parvasaṅgr.): I, 2, 369, 470 (all. to § 512).—

§ 18 (Paulomap.): I, 4, 855 (manuṣyoraga-G°kathā veda,

sc. Śaunaka).—§ 28 (Amṛtamanthana), I, 17, 1099 (Meruṃ

…deva-G°sevitaṃ).—§ 39 (Rāmaṇīyaka): I, 27, 1311

(°āpsarasāṃ priyaṃ, sc. the forest on Rāmaṇīyaka).—§ 45

(Vālakhilya, pl.): I, 31, 1440.—§ 46 (Garuḍa): I, 32,

1486 (fled before Garuḍa towards the east).—§ 75 (Vasu):

I, 63, 2366 (°āpsarasaḥ, worshipped Vasu Uparicara).—

§ 84 (Ādivaṃśāvatāraṇap.): I, 64, 2495 (°āpsarobhiḥ,

worship Brahmán), 2503 (°āpsarasāṃ gāṇān, were re-born

among men).—§ 85 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 65, 2513, 2514, 2515.—

§ 104 (do.): I, 65, 2559 (°sattamāḥ, enumeration of four

G., sons of Prādhā).—§ 105 (do.): I, 65, 2560 (amṛtaṃ

brāhmaṇā gāvo G°āpsarasas tathā | apatyaṃ Kapilāyās tu

Purāṇe parikīrtitaṃ).—§ 106 (do.): I, 65, 2561 (sambhavaḥ

…G°āpsarasāṃ).—§ 130 (do.): I, 67, 2637 (°oraga-

Rakṣasāṃ…sambhavaḥ).—§ 131 (Karṇa): I, 67, 2781

(°oraga-Rakṣasāṃ).—§ 132 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 67, 2795

°āpsarasāṃ…aṃśāvatāraṇaṃ), 2798 (aṃśāvatāraṇaṃ…

deva-G°āpsarasāṃ).—§ 133 (Duṣyanta): I, 68, 2799

(aṃśāvatāranaṃ…G°āpsarasāṃ); 70, 2858 (°āpsarasāṅ

gaṇaiḥ).—§ 142 (Nahuṣa): I, 75, 3152 (°oraga-Rākṣasān).

—§ 149 (Yayāti): I, 88, 3565, †3567 (surarṣi G°-nara°).—

§ 175 (Karṇasambhava): I, 111, 4410 (°oraga-Rakṣasāṃ).

—§ 185 (Pāṇḍu): I, 120, 4649 (ākrīḍabhūmiṃ devānāṃ

G°āpsarasāṃ tathā, in the north).—§ 191 (Arjuna): I, 123,

4806 (°āpsarasaḥ, present at the birth of Arjuna), 4808 (do.),

4810 (enumeration).—§ 211 (Sambhavap.): I, 139, 5534

(trivarṣakṛtayajñas tu G°āṇāṃ upaplave…Sauvīraḥ).—§ 214

(Hiḍimbavadhap.): I, 152, 5960.—§ 221 (Caitrarathap.):

I, 168, 6444 (muhūrtaṃ…vihitaṃ kāmacārāṇāṃ Yakṣa-

G°-Rakṣasāṃ), 6483 (°jānām aśvānāṃ, Citraratha gives 100

horses, born among the G., to each of the Pāṇḍavas), 6484

(°deva-G°vāhāḥ, sc. hayāḥ), 6489 (°jāḥ…hayāḥ), 6496

(Yakṣa-Rākṣasa—G°āḥ, know the history of the Kurus).—

§ 222 (Tapatyup.): I, 173, 6616 (giriśreṣṭhe deva-G°sevite).

§ 233 (Svayaṃvarap.): I, 187, †7011 (Viśvāvasur Nārada-

Parvatau ca G°mukhyāḥ, present at the svayaṃvara of Draupadī),

†7017 (devarṣi-G°samākulaṃ…antarīkṣaṃ).—§ 246

(Sundopasundop.): I, 212, 7713 (deva-G°-Yakṣāṇāṃ…

sarvaratnāni).—§ 252 (Subhadrāharaṇap.): I, 219, 7912

(?“musicians,” PCR.), 7913 (do.), 7917 (do.).—§ 257c

(Gāṇḍīva), I, 225, 8182 (deva-Dānava-G°aiḥ, pūjitaṃ,

sc. Gāṇḍīvaṃ).—§ 258 (Khāṇḍavadah.): I, 227, 8256

(attack Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna); 228, 8304 (Yakṣa-Rākṣasa-

G°-nara-Kinnara-pannagaiḥ).—§ 264 (Sabhākrīyap.): II, 4,

131 (°āpsarasaḥ, together with Citrasena, present in the

palace of Yudhiṣṭhira), 132.—§ 265 (Lokapālasabhākhy.):

II, 5, 135 (in the palace of Yudhiṣṭhira).—§ 266 (Śakra-

sabhāv.): II, 7, 305 (in the palace of Indra).—§ 267

(Yamasabhāv.): II, 8, 349 (in the palace of Yama).—§ 268

(Varuṇasabhāv.): II, 9, 378 (°āpsarasāṃ gaṇaiḥ, in the

palace of Varuṇa).—§ 269 (Vaiśravaṇasabhāv.): II, 10, 391

(in the palace of Kubera), 395 (°āpsarasāṅ gaṇāḥ, do.), 396

(Kinnarā nāma G°ā Narā nāma tathāpare, do.), 401, 406

(°āṇāṃ patayaḥ, sc. Viśvāvasu, etc.), 407, 411.—§ 270

(Brahmasabhāv.): II, 11, 445 (°āpsarasāṃ gaṇāḥ, in the

palace of Brahmán), 472 (°āpsarasaḥ, do.).—§ 271 (Lokapāla-

sabhākh.): II, 12, 481 (°āpsarasaḥ, in the palace of Kubera),

483 (in the palace of Indra).—§ 279 (Arjuna): II, 28, 1042

(°rakṣitaṃ deśaṃ, in the north, conquered by Arjuna).—

§ 310b (Sūrya): III, 3, 170 (Siddha-Cāraṇa-G°āḥ, follow

the chariot of the Sun).—§ 322 (Dvaitavanaprav.): III, 24,

925 (°āpsarasāṃ, sc. lokaṃ).—§ 327 (Draupadīparitāpav.):

III, 31, 1188 (°āsura-Rākṣasāḥ).—§ 335 (Indralokābh.):

III, 42, 1726 (accompanied Indra).—§ 336 (do.): III, 43,

1764 (in the world of Indra), 1765, 1783 (Tumburuśreṣṭhāḥ).

—§ 337 (do.): III, 44, 1788.—§ 338 (do.): III, 46, 1830

(Siddha-Cāraṇa-G°aiḥ), 1843.—§ 357 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III,

82, 4064 (°āpsarasaḥ, in Puṣkara).—§ 359 (Vaḍavā): III,

82, 5036 (°āpsarasāṃ gaṇaiḥ, in Vaḍavā).—§ 361 (Kuru-

kṣetra): III, 83, 5076 (°āpsarasaḥ, in Kurukṣetra).—§ 370

(Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 84, 7083 (Siddha-Cāraṇa-G°āḥ, in

Saugandhikavana), 8024 (Sindhoḥ prabhavaṃ…Siddha-

G°sevitaṃ); 85, 8168 (Siddha-Cāraṇa-G°-mānuṣāḥ, in

Gokarṇa).—§ 373 (Prayāga): III, 85, 8215 (in Prayāga).

—§ 377 (Dhaumyatīrthak.): III, 90, 8391 (°Yakṣa-

Rakṣobhiḥ…sevitaṃ…śailaṃ).—§ 383b (Gaṅgā):

III, 99, 8646 (Bhāgīrathī…deva-G°sevitā).—§ 383

(Paraśurāma): III, 99, 8674 (seen in the body of Rāma

Dāśarathi).—§ 386 (Agastyop.): III, 104, 8800 (manuṣyo-

aga-G°-Yakṣa-Kimpuruṣāḥ), 8804 (devāḥ sa-G°mahoragāḥ);

105, †8810 (°tūryeṣu).—§ 387 (Sagara): III, 107, 8854

(°Rākṣasān).—§ 389 (Gaṅgāvataraṇa): III, 109, 9954

(°oraga-Yakṣāḥ).—§ 418c (Mandara): III, 139, 10825 (on

Mandara).—§ 423 (Gandhamādanapr.): III, 143, 10968

°āpsarasāṃ priyaṃ…Gandhamādanaṃ); 145, 11027,

11036 (deśe…deva-G°sevite).—§ 424 (Bhīmakadalī-

khaṇḍapr.): III, 146, 11089 (Yakṣa-G°-sura-Brahmarṣi-

gaṇasevitaṃ), 11098 (Yakṣa-G°yoṣābhiḥ).—§ 425 (Hanūmad-

Bhīmasenasaṃv.): III, 148, 11220.—§ 426b (Kṛtayuga):

III, 149, 11236 (did not exist in the Kṛtayuga).—§ 432

(Saugandhikāharaṇa): III, 153, 11358 (ākrīḍaṃ rājarājasya

Kuberasya…G°āiḥ…paramārcitaṃ); 154, 11372

(°āpsarasaḥ).—§ 436 (Yakṣayuddhap.): III, 158, 11620,

11623 (°āpsarobhiḥ); 159, 11645 (°āpsarasāṃ gaṇāḥ).—§ 437

(do.): III, 160, 11682 (°oraga-Rakṣāṃsi), 11708 (Yakṣa-

Rākṣasa-G°āḥ).—§ 438 (do.): III, 161, 11765 (deva-G°āḥ),

11773 (Yakṣa-G°āḥ), 11777; 162, 11813 (°Yakṣāḥ), 11824.

§ 440 (do.): III, 164, †11884 (°saṅghāḥ).—§ 441 (Nivāta-

kavacayuddhap.): III, 166, 11920 (°āpsarasāṃ gaṇāḥ).—

§ 443 (do.): III, 168, 12001 (gaṇāḥ…G°āṇām), 12021

(°oraga-Rakṣasāṃ), 12035 (°āpsarasāñ caiva prabhāvaṃ),

12045 (deva-G°pūjitāṃ), 12047 (deva-G°aiḥ).—§ 445 (do.):

III, 173, 12246, 12272 (sa-Yakṣāsura-G°aiḥ).—§ 446 (do.):

III, 174, 12280 (°śiśubhiḥ).—§ 447 (do.): III, 175, 12304

(Yakṣa-Rākṣasa-G°āḥ), 12307.—§ 449 (Ājagarap.): III,

177, †12362 (Yakṣa-G°maharṣikāntāṃ…Sarasvatīṃ).—

§ 450 (do.): III, 178, 12367 (vanaṃ ramyaṃ deva-G°sevitaṃ);

179, 12427 (deva-G°-Rākṣasāḥ); 181, 12522 (Brahmarṣi-

deva-G°-Yakṣa-Rākṣasa-pannagāḥ).—§ 458 (Mārkaṇḍeyas.):

III, 188, 12877 (sadevāsura-G°ṃ…jagat).—§ 459 (do.):

III, 188, 12925 (°āpsarasaḥ), 12942 (°nāgāḥ); 189, 12979

(°oraga-Rākṣasān).—§ 474 (do.): III, 201, 13485 (kathāṃ

…deva-G°-Yakṣāṇāṃ).—§ 476 (Dhundhumārop.): III,

202, 13535 (sarpa-G°-Rakṣasāṃ).—§ 478 (do.): III, 204,

13584 (do), 13619.—§ 501 (Skandopākhyāna): III, 229,

14440 (deva-G°gītaiḥ).—§ 502 (Manuṣyagrahak.): III, 230,

14492 (°āṇāṃ yā mātā sā garbhaṃ gṛhya gacchati), 14505

(°āś cāpi yaṃ divyāḥ saṃviśanti naraṃ bhuvi | unmadyati sa tu

kṣipraṃ graho Gāndharva eva sa).—§ 505 (Skandayuddha):

III, 231, 14539.—§ 506 (do.): III, 231, 14557.—§ 512

(Ghoṣayātrāp.): III, 240, 14868, 14873, 14875, 14879;

241, 14881, 14885, 14886, 14888, 14889, 14891, 14893,

14894, 14895, 14899, 14900, 14901, 14904, 14907, 14911;

242, 14913, 14915, 14916, 14919, 14921, 14923, 14924,

14927, 14929; 243, 14944, 14955; 244, 14963, 14969,

14972, 14975, 14977, 14978; 245, 14979, 14980, 14981,

14982, 14984, 14985, 14986, 14988, 14991, 14993, 14994,

14996, 14998; 246, 15010 (°sainyānāṃ), 15022, 15026,

15027; 247, 15046 (kāmarūpinaḥ), 15048; 248, 15053,

15054, 15059, 15062, 15063, 15068; 249, 15074, 15078

(Duryodhana and his brothers were made captives by the G.,

headed by Citrasena, but were liberated by the Pāṇḍavas).—

§ 515 (Karṇadigvijaya): III, 253, 15214 (°āṇāṃ tadā raṇāt,

all. to § 512).—§ 520 (Mudgala). III, 261, 15446

(°āpsarasaḥ).—§ 526 (Rāmopākhyānap.): III, 275, 15913

(°devāsurataḥ), 15921 (°Yakṣānugataḥ, sc. Kubera); 276,

15936 (deva-G°-Dānavāḥ).—§ 533 (Sītā-Rāvaṇasaṃv.): III,

16168, 16175 (°ānāṃ yoṣitāḥ, wives of Rāvaṇa), 16178

(°āpsarasaḥ).—§ 542 (Rāvaṇavadha): III, 290, 16524

(deva-G°āḥ), 16528 (tridaśāḥ saha G°-Cāraṇaiḥ).—§ 543

(Rāmābhiṣeka): III, 291, 16533, (α), 16550, 16578

(deva-G°-Yakṣāṇāṃ), 16579 (sa-devāsura-G°āḥ).—§ 548

(Āraṇeyap.): III, 313, 17319.—§ 549 (Pāṇḍavapr.): IV,

8, 235 (Virāṭa considers Bhīmasena to be either the king of

the Gandharvas or Indra); 9, 273 (Draupadī says that she is

the wife of five G.), 274 (putrā G°rājasya mahāsattvasya

kasyacit, do.), 275, 277; 12, †323 (°varopamaḥ, i.e. Nakula).—

§ 551 (Kīcakavadhap.): IV, 14, 426 (patayo mama, i.e.

Draupadī's); 16, 493 (patayas tava, i.e. Draupadī's), 495;

21, 664 (°āṇām ahaṃ bhāryā pañcānāṃ, says Draupadī),

665, 666, 667; 22, 706, 710, 721, 787 (patibhir mama,

i.e. Draupadī's, said to have slain Kīcaka); 23, 806; 24,

829, 832, 837, 838, 841, 843 (°rājāya), 857, 858, 859 (do.).—

§ 552 (Goharaṇap.): IV, 25, 863, 881 (do.); 30, 975 (do.);

43, 1346 (deva-Dānava-G°aiḥ pūjitaṃ, sc. Gāṇḍīvam); 45,

1406 (°rājapratimaṃ, sc. Arjuna), 1429 (all. to § 512); 50,

1572; 56, 1762 (deva-Yakṣa-G°-mahoragasamākulaṃ…

maṇḍalaṃ), 1767 (came to see the encounter between Bhīṣma

and Arjuna); 58, 1895 (°āpsarasaḥ, applauded Arjuna).—

§ 553b (Yudhiṣṭhira): IV, 70, 2271 (°-Yakṣapravarāḥ).—

§ 555 (Indravijaya): V, 10, 301, 303, 311, 332; 11, 348

(Pitṛ-G°-Bhūtānāṃ), 356 (°āpsarasāṃ gaṇāḥ); 12, 369 (jagat

…sāsura-G°ṃ), 379, 391; 15, 464 (deva-Dānava-G°āḥ);

16, 496 (Devarṣi-G°aiḥ), †507 (°mukhyāḥ); 17, 541; 18,

544 (°āpsarasāṃ gaṇaiḥ), 546.—§ 556 (Sañjayayānap.): V,

29, †824 (°Yakṣāpasarasaḥ); 30, †879 (°putrapratimaṃ,

sc. Aśvatthāman).—§ 560 (Sanatsujātap.): V, 44, 1704

(°āṇāṃ…rūpaṃ).—§ 561 (Yānasandhip.): V, 61, 2401;

64, 2471 (Gandhamādanaṃ…Siddha-G°sevitaṃ)—§ 564

(Mātalīyop.): V, 97, 3518.—§ 565 (Gālavacarita): V, 109,

3787 (gāyanti gāthā G°āś cittabuddhiharāḥ, in the south);

111, 3826 (°Yakṣa-Siddhaiḥ, cannot see Puruṣa), 3830

(ruled by Kubera); 116, 3940 (bahu-G°darśanā, sc. Mādhavī);

120, 4028 (°mṛgapakṣiṇāṃ).—§ 565 (Yayāti): V, 123,

4100 (°apsarasāṃ gaṇaiḥ, worship Yayāti).—§ 567 (Bhaga-

vadyānap.): V, 124, 4172, 4175 (had been vanquished by

Arjuna, all. to § 258?); 128ι, 4302 (°oraga-Rākṣasāḥ);

130, 4401; 131ο, 4424 (appeared in the body of Kṛṣṇa).—

§ 570 (Sainyaniryāṇap.): V, 158, 5377 (had been vanquished

by Arjuna, all. to § 512).—§ 572 (Rathātirathas.): V, 167,

5787 (deva-G°-mānuṣān).—§ 573 (Ambopākhyānap.): V,

176, 6054 (°āpsarasaḥ, on the mountain Mahendra); 184,

7285 (present at the encounter between Bhīṣma and Rāma

Jāmadagnya).—§ 574 (Jambūkh.): VI, 6, 212 (°āsura-

Rākṣasāḥ. on Meru), (θ), 247 (on the mountain Niṣadha).—

§ 575b (Śākadvīpa): VI, 11, 415 (on Meru in Śākadvīpa).—

§ 575 (Bhūmip.): VI, 12, 455 (deva-G°āḥ, in Kuśadvīpa).

465 (deśāḥ…deva-G°sevitāḥ, in Krauñcadvīpa.).—§ 576

(Bhagavadgītāp.): VI, 34, 1230 (°āṇāṃ Citrarathaḥ, sc. asmi,

says Kṛṣṇa); 35, †1268 (°Yakṣāsura-Siddhasaṅghāḥ).—

§ 577 (Bhīṣmavadhap.): VI, 43, 1536 (came to see the

battle).—§ 578 (do.): VI, 48, 1975 (deva-G°āḥ).—§ 579

(do.): VI, 52, 2183 (devāḥ sa-G°āḥ), 2185 (sadevāsura-G°air

lokaiḥ).—§ 580 (do.): VI, 58, 2467 (deva-Dānava-G°āḥ,

applaud Arjuna).—§ 581 (do.): VI, 65ξ, 2961 (deva-G°āḥ);

66, 2975 (Devarṣi-G°āḥ), 2977 (deva-Brahmarṣi-G°ān),

2997.—§ 584 (do.): VI, 83, 3665 (devāh sa-G°āḥ, had come

to see the battle); 84, 3704 (deva-G°-Rākṣasāḥ).—§ 585

(do.): VI, 95, 4303 (devāḥ sa-G°āḥ); 98, 4450 (sadevāsura-

G°aṃ lokaṃ).—§ 593 (Abhimanyuvadhap.): VII, 33, 1463

(sasurāsura-G°āḥ…lokāḥ).—§ 593b (Gandharvāstra):

VII, 45, 1824 (Tumburupramukhebhyaḥ, from them Arjuna

had obtained the Gāndharvam astraṃ by means of tapas).—

§ 594 (Abhimanyuvadhap.): VII, 52, 2013 (deva-Dānava-

G°ān Mṛtyur harati).—§ 595 (Ṣoḍaśarāj., v. Paurava):

VII, 57, 2199 (? naṭanartana-G°aiḥ, present at the sacrifice

of Paurava, “singers,” PCR.); (do., v. Bhagīratha): VII,

60, 2255 (sung a gāthā); (do., v. Māndhātṛ): VII, 62,

2287 (°oragapakṣiṇaḥ, came to the sacrifices of Māndhātṛ);

(do., v. Pṛthu Vainya): VII, 69, 2403 (°āpsarasaḥ), 2418

(the G. and Apsarases milked perfumes from the earth into

a vessel made of a lotus leaf; Citraratha became their calf and

Viśvaruci their milker).—§ 596 (Pratijñāp.): VII, 74, 2623;

75, 2661; 76, 2683; 79, 2806 (sa-G°āḥ…lokāḥ).—

§ 597 (do.): VII, 82, 2938 (?“singers,” PCR.).—§ 599

(Jayadrathavadhap.): VII, 98, 3651; 110, 4167 (devāḥ

sa-G°āḥ); 119, 4756 (Cāraṇāḥ saha-G°āḥ. applaud Sātyaki);

126, 5125 (devān sa-G°ān, had been vanquished by Arjuna,

all. to § 258); 139, 5746 (applaud Karṇa and Bhīmasena);

144, 6046 (deva-Dānava-G°āḥ), 6048 (devāsura-G°āḥ); 147,

6339, 6352 (deva-G°-Dānavāḥ).—§ 600 (Ghaṭotkacavadhap.):

VII, 156, †6921 (Siddha-G°-Piśācasaṅghāḥ, applaud Aśvatthā-

man); 158ϕ, 6985 (hriyamāṇe tadā, Karṇa, G°air Dhṛta-

rāṣṭraje, all. to § 512), 7004 (deva-G°-Yakṣāṇāṃ), 7021

(devaiḥ…sa-Daitya-Yakṣa-G°aiḥ); 163, †7292 (Devarṣi-

G°-surarṣisaṅghāḥ), †7312 (°Yakṣāḥ), †7313 (deva-G°samā-

kulaṃ); 164, 7320 (deva-G°dīpādyaiḥ); 170λλ, 7620

(deva-°G-Dānavaḥ).—§ 601 (Droṇavadhap.): VII, 185, 8432,

8435 (°ā ghoṣayātrāyāṃ Citrasenādayo jitāḥ, all. to § 512).—

§ 602 (do.): VII, 188, 8610 (in the welkin).—§ 603

(Nārāyaṇāstramokṣaṇap.): VII, 195, 9001; 196, 9033

(deva-Dānava-G°ās trastāḥ); 201, 9442.—§ 603b (Nārāyaṇa):

VII, 201ζζ, 9465 (°Yakṣān), 9472 (deva-G°yoniṣu), 9473.—

§ 603 (Nārāyaṇāstramokṣap.): VII, 201, 9543, (κκ), 9617

(°āpsarasaḥ, worship the linga of Śiva).—§ 606 (Tripurā-

khyāna): VIII, 34, 1536 (praised Śiva).—§ 607 (Karṇap.):

VIII, 41ε, 1950 (Dvaitavane…G°aiḥ samabhidrutaḥ…

tvaṃ—i.e. Karṇa—prathamaṃ palāyitaḥ, all. to § 512), †951

(Citrasenamukhān, were vanquished by Arjuna, do.).—§ 608

(do.): VIII, 72υυυ, 3615 (derān sa-G°ān); 86τʹ, 4359

(sadevāsura-G°āṃs trīṃl lokān); 87, 4409 (deva-Dānava-G°āḥ),

(χʹ), 4423 (Tumburumukhāḥ, sided with Arjuna), 4424

Prādheyāḥ saha-Mauneyā G°āpsarasāṃ gaṇāḥ), 4426 (deva-

Dānava-G°āḥ), 4460 (do.); 88, †4490 (°āpsarasāṃ saṅghaiḥ);

94, †4948 (deva-G°-manuṣyapūjitaṃ…Karṇaṃ); †4962

(deva-G°-manuṣya-Cāraṇaiḥ).—§ 611 (Śalyap.): IX, 13,

701 (deva-G°-Dānarāḥ).—§ 615c (Subhūmika): IX, 37, 2122

(devāḥ sa-G°āḥ), 2123, 2127 (deva-G°-Rakṣasāṃ, in the tīrtha

Subhūmika).—§ 615d (Gandharvāṇāṃ tīrthaṃ): IX, 37,

2128 (Viśrāvasumukhās tatra—i.e. in Gandharvānāṃ tīrthaṃ—

G°āpsarasaḥ).—§ 615i (Saptasārasvata): IX, 38, 2194

(present at the sacrifice of Brahmán in Puṣkara).—§ 615

(Baladevatīrthayātrā): IX, 41, 2356 (devāḥ sa-G°āḥ, in

Yāyātaṃ tīrthaṃ).—§ 615p (Vasiṣṭhāpavaha): IX, 42, 2397

(°āpsarasaḥ).—§ 615u (Skanda): IX, 44, 2467 (praise

Skanda), 2480 (Nāradapramukhāś cāpi deva-G°sattamaḥ), 2496

(deva-G°-Rakṣasāṃ), 2502 (deva-G°āḥ); 45γ, 2509 (came to

the investiture of Skanda), 2531; 46, 2677 (deva-G°āḥ, sang),

2715.—§ 615ee (Ādityatīrtha): IX, 49, 2848 (°āpsarasaḥ,

in Ādityatīrtha).—§ 615gg (Sārasvata): IX, 51, 2941

(°āpsarasāṅ gaṇāḥ).—§ 615 (Gadāyuddhap.): IX, 57, 3183

(deva-G°-mānavāḥ); 58, 3306 (°āpsarasaḥ); 61, 3443 (beat

musical instruments).—§ 616 (Sauptikap.): X, 8, 441.—

§ 617b (Brahmaśiras): X, 12, 619 (Brahmaśiraḥ…deva-

G°pūjitaṃ), 622 (deva-Dānava-G°-manuṣya-patagoragāḥ).—

§ 620 (Śrāddhap.): XI, 26, 768 (the fallen warriors have

attained to the companionship of the G.).—§ 621 (Rājadharm.):

XII, 2, 62 (on the mountain Mahendra).—§ 632b (Ṣoḍaśarāj.,

cf. § 595, v. Marutta): XII, 29, 916; (do., v. Bṛhadratha)

XII, 29, 929; (do., v. Dilīpa) XII, 29, 968 (deva-G°āḥ,

danced at the sacrifice of Dilīpa).—§ 637 (Rājadh.): XII,

47θ, 1608 (deva-Dānava-G°āḥ), 1623 (surāsura-G°āḥ), 1662

(do not know Kṛṣṇa truly).—§ 639 (do.): XII, 50, 1830

(devān sa-G°ān).—§ 641 (do.): XII, 72, 2768 (°oraga-

Rākṣasāḥ, depend upon sacrifices); 91, 3460 (Devarṣi-Pitṛ-

G°āḥ); 99, 3667 (lokāḥ…pūrṇā G°kanyābhiḥ).—§ 651b

(Kapotalubdhakasaṃv.): XII, 149, 5587 (Yakṣa-G°-Siddhā-

nāṃ madhye).—§ 655 (Āpaddh.): XII, 158, 5890.—§ 656c

(Dakṣa.): XII, 166, 6137 (°āpsarasaḥ, among those who

were begotten by the Brahmarṣis on the daughters of

Dakṣa).—§ 656 (Khaḍgotpatti): XII, 166, 6162 (maharṣi-

sura-G°ān).—§ 660b (Bhṛgu-Bharadvājasaṃv.): XII, 188,

6932 (deva-Dānava-G°āḥ, created by Brahmán).—§ 664

(Mokṣadh.): XII, 207ε, 7542 (born by a daughter of

Dakṣa).—§ 671b (Bali-Vāsavasaṃv.): XII, 223, 8079

(sang before Bali); 224, 8116 (°oraga-Rākṣasāḥ).—§ 673b

(do.): XII, 227, 8221.—§ 675 (Mokṣadh.): XII, 230,

8453.—§ 683 (do.): XII, 268, 9580 (°-Pitṛṇāṃ).—§ 686

(do.): XII, 273, 9825 (vimānāni…G°āṇāṃ).—§ 693b

(Vṛtravadha): XII, 282, 10114 (°āś ca vimānāgraiḥ)—

§ 695b (Dakṣayajñavināśa): XII, 285, 10276 (°āpsara-

sākīrṇe, sc. deśe), (α), 10278 (deva-Dānava-G°āḥ), 10279

(°āpsarasaḥ), 10336 (Yakṣa-G°saṅghaiḥ).—§ 702 (Mokṣadh.):

XII, 291, 10709 (deva-G°-Dānavāḥ); 296β, 10838 (Yakṣa-

Rākṣasa-G°āḥ).—§ 704 (do.): XII, 301, †11097 (°saṅghāḥ).

—§ 705 (do.): XII, 303α, 11244 (trailokye…sa-Yakṣa-

Bhūta-G°e).—§ 712 (Śukotpatti): XII, 324, 12176 (deva-

G°āḥ); 325, 12200 (sang).—§ 714 (Śukakṛtya): XII,

12379.—§ 716 (Śukābhipātana): XII, 332, 12570 (deva-

Dānava-G°ān); 333, 12591 (°āpsarasāṅ gaṇāḥ); 334, 12620,

12621, 12638 (deva-G°vṛtaḥ, sc. Śiva).—§ 717b (Nārāyaṇīya):

XII, 344, 13319 (ṛṣayaś ca sa-G°āḥ), (γγ), 13366.—§ 717d

Brahma-Rudrasaṃv.): XII, 351, 13733.—§ 718b (Uñcha-

vṛttyup.): XII, 364, 13922.—§ 730 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII,

14, 634 (pūjitaṃ deva-G°aiḥ, sc. the hermitage of Upamanyu).

—§ 730g (Upamanyu): XIII, 14η, 741 (ṛṣi-G°rūpaḥ, sc.

Śiva), 766 (divya-G°nāditaiḥ), 800 (pūjitaṃ Siddha-G°aiḥ,

sc. Śiva), (μ), 813 (ṛṣi-G°-Siddhaiḥ).—§ 730 (Ānuśāsanik.):

XIII, 14, 958 (°āpsarasaḥ), (γγ), 995 (do.); 18, 1373

(Suparṇa-G°-Piśāca-Dānavāḥ).—§ 731b (Aṣṭāvakra-

Diksaṃv.): XIII, 19, 1421 (Yakṣa-G°-Kinnarāḥ, in the

palace of Kubera), 1426 (avādayan…vādyāni).—§ 734

(Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 26, 1816.—§ 738 (do.): XIII, 32,

2075 (deva-G°saṅghātaiḥ).—§ 739 (do.): XIII, 33, 2098.—

§ 743b (Vipulop.): XIII, 40, 2263 (deva-G°-Dānavāḥ).—

§ 745c (Cyavana-Kuśikasaṃv.): XIII, 54, 2837 (saṅghān

G°āṇāṃ), 2847.—§ 746 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 58, 2977;

62, 3189 (deva-G°pūjitaḥ); 79, 3779 (°āpsarasāṃ lokān),

3789 (°āpsarasaḥ); 83, 3886 (ṛṣayaḥ sa-G°āḥ), 3907

(Kailāsaśikhare ramye deva-G°sevite).—§ 747 (do.): XIII,

84, 3981 (°oraga-Rākṣasāh).—§ 747b (Suvarṇotpatti)

XIII, 85, 4023.—§ 748b (Tārakavadhop.): XIII, 86, 4203

(praised Skanda).—§ 749 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 87, 4224

(°oraga-Rākṣasāṃ).—§ 750 (do.): XIII, 93, 4411.—§ 754

(do.): XIII, 98, 4705 (°nāga-Yakṣebhyaḥ),—§ 757d

(Mandākinī): XIII, 102, †4860 (°-Yakṣaiḥ, at Mandākinī).

—§ 757f (Nandana): XIII, 102, †4865 (in Nandana).—

§ 758 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 103, 4912.—§ 759 (do.): XIII,

107ε, 5268 (gīta-G°ghoṣaiḥ), 5293 (°air upagītaṃ), (ζ), 5296,

5316, 5328 (°air abhināditaṃ).—§ 760 (do.): XIII, 115,

5671.—§ 768b (Umā-Maheśvarasaṃv.): XIII, 140α, 6344

(Yakṣa-G°aiḥ); 142, 6543; 146, 6805 (°āpsarasaḥ).—

§ 769 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 149, 7071 (sasurāsura-G°ṃ…

jagat).—§ 773b (Kṛṣṇa Vāsudeva): XIII, 159, †7368.—

§ 773d (Śiva): XIII, 161, 7467: 162, 7518 (worship the

liṅga of Śiva).—§ 778b (Saṃvartta-Maruttīya): XIV, 7, 177

(devān sa-G°ān).—§ 778f (Muñjavat): XIV, 8, 184

(°āpsarasaḥ, worship Śiva on Muñjavat).—§ 778b (Saṃvartta-

Maruttīya): XIV, 10, †282.—§ 782g (Guruśiṣyasaṃv.):

XIV, 43, 1183 (°oraga-Raksasāṃ…īśvaraḥ, sc. Viṣṇu);

51, 1434.—§ 784b (Uttaṅka). XIV, 54, 1566 (Yakṣa-G°-

Rākṣasān), 1580 (yadā G°yonau vā vartāmi…tadā G°vat

sarvaṃ ācarāmi, says Kṛṣṇa).—§ 785 (Anugītāp.): XIV,

88, 2639 (°gaṇasaṅgītaḥ), 2643 (gītakuśalā nṛtyeṣu ca

viśāradāh).—§ 786b (Nakulākhyāna): XIV, 90, 2774

(surarṣi-deva-G°āḥ).—§ 786e (Agastya): XIV, 92, 2870.—

§ 787 (Āśramavāsap.): XV, 20, 572 (lokāṃś ca deva-G°-

Rakṣasāṃ).—§ 789 (Putradarśanap.): XV, 29γ, 785

(deva-G°āḥ); 31ζ, 848 (°āpsarasaḥ, had been incarnate among

the warriors of the great battle); 32, 883 (°air upagīyantaḥ).

—§ 793 (Mausalap.): XVI, 4θ, †129 (°mukhyāḥ), †131

(°āgryaiḥ).—§ 795 (Svargārohaṇap.): XVIII, 3, 104

(deva-G°āḥ); 4, 138 (the five sons of Draupadī after death

became G.), 146.—§ 795c (Mahābhārata): XVIII, 6ζ, 216

(Guhyakāś ca sa-G°āḥ), 248, 252 (gītakuśalaiḥ), 255. Cf.

Devagandharva, pl.

Gandharva², dual (°au) = Hāhā and Hūhū: III, 1769;

XII, 10278, 12202.

Gandharva³, sg. § 165 (Satyavatīlābhop.): I, 100, 4047

(yasya hi sapatnaḥ syā G°syāsurasya vā | na sa jātu ciraṃ jivet

tvayi—i.e. Bhīṣma—kruddhe, parantapa).—§ 510 (Draupadī-

Satyabhāmasaṃv.): III, 233, 14671.—§ 551 (Kīcakavadhap.):

IV, 22, 792 (Kīcaka is supposed to have been slain by a G.);

23, 819 (Bhīmasena is taken for a G.).—§ 553 (Vaivāhikap.):

IV, 71, 2293 (°a eṣa vai hantā Kīcakānāṃ, sc. Bhīmasena).—

§ 565 (Yayāti): V, 121, 4063 (Yayāti is questioned if he is

a G.).—§ 619 (Strīvilāpap.): XI, 19, 564 (krīḍantam iva

G°ṃ devakanyāḥ sahasraśaḥ, sc. paryupāsante).—§ 671b (Bali-

Vāsavasaṃv.): XII, 225, 8164 (naiva devo na G°o nāsuro

na ca Rākṣasaḥ | yo mām eko visahituṃ śakyaḥ kaścit, says Śrī).

Names of individual Gandharvas—

Aṅgāraparṇa (Citraratha): I, 6448 (A°), 6456, 6462,

6463, 6466, 6467, 6472, (6473), 6490, (6491), 6493, 6494,

(6495), 6518, (6519), (6560), (6584), (6632), 6634, 6635,

(6638), (6650), (6669), (6673), (6675), (6679), (6696),

(6725), (6745), (6760), (6769), (6779), (6792), (6865),

(6885), (6891), 6913, (6914), 6915, 6916 (°sattama), 6917;

II, 1880 (C°).

Citrāṅgada: I, 3803, 4074, 4075, 4076.

Citrasena: III, 1837, 1876, 14939, 15022, 15071

(°sattama), 15072, 15073; IV, 2073; XII, 7341 (C°).

Dhṛtarāṣṭra: XIV, †259, (†263).

Tumburu: II, 1881 (T°); IV, 1771 (T°).

Viśvāvasu: I, 970 (°āpsarasoḥ sutā, i.e. Pramadvarā);

III, 16086 (V°); XII, 10218 (V°), 11749, 11754 (°sattamaḥ),

11755, 11772 (°sattama), 11773 (do.), 11792 (do.), 11793,

12176 (V°), 12201 (V°).

Gandharva⁴ = Śiva (1000 names²).

Gandharva (I) — a Kādraveya Nāga,¹ lives in trees.² [Footnote] 1) Br. III. 7. 36: Vā. 61. 79: 62. 100: 69. 73: 100. 159: 101. 3

and 28: 106. 59. [Footnote] 2) Br. I. 7. 84: 8. 40.

Gandharva (II) — a kingdom noted for horses;¹ a divi-

sion of the Bhāratavarṣa.² [Footnote] 1) Br. IV. 16. 17: M. 114. 8: 121. 48. [Footnote] 2) Vā. 45. 79: Vi. II. 3. 7.

Gandharva (III) — a god to be worshipped in house-

building.

M. 253. 25.

Gandharva (IV) — the fourteenth kalpa; here Gān-

dhārasvara and Nāda came into being.

Vā. 21. 32.

Gandharvas (I) — born of Ariṣṭā and Kaśyapa;¹ worship-

ped for personal beauty;² sent by Indra to disturb Mārkaṇ-

ḍeya's tapaṣ;³ killed in crores by Bharata;⁴ other references

to.⁵ A gaṇa moving with the sun by turns praising him;⁶

sang Sāma in Vāruṇī yajña.⁷ Three steps inferior to gods;

semidivine like Yakṣas, Rākṣasas and Piśācas; frequent Kai-

lāsa; vanquished by Rāvaṇa; Citraratha was their overlord.⁸

milked the earth and preserved its essence Gandha (s.v.);

worship Barhiṣad manes; attended with Apsaras at the yajña

of Arjuna Kārtavīrya;⁹ world of;¹⁰ live in trees,¹¹ ety. from

singing;¹² according to Vā. P. sons of Bhadra.¹³ [Footnote] 1) M. 5. 1: 6. 29 and 45: Vi. I. 5. 46: 21. 25. [Footnote] 2) Bhā. II. 3. 6. [Footnote] 3) Ib. XII. 8. 16. [Footnote] 4) Ib. IX. 11. 13. [Footnote] 5) Ib. IV. 6. 9: V. 1. 8;

VI. 7. 3; VII. 7. 50; 8. 38; X. 3. 6: 4. 11: 25. 31: 55. 23: 62. 19; 85. 41;

XI. 6. 3: 12. 3: 14. 5: 16. 33: 31. 2: XII. 11. 47: Br. IV. 1. 155:

2. 26: 4. 2: 9. 77: 15. 24: 20. 48 and 101: 33. 15: 39. 56. [Footnote] 6) Br. II.

23. 27 and 50: 32. 1-2: 35. 191. [Footnote] 7) Br. III. 1. 25. [Footnote] 8) Br. III. 7.

167-70, 255: 8. 10: 10. 37: 24. 59. IV. 36. 16: M. 8. 6. [Footnote] 9) M. 10. 24:

13. 17; 15. 3; 37. 2 and 4: 43. 22. [Footnote] 10) M. 78. 11: 246. 61: 247. 11. [Footnote] 11) Br. II. 7. 84: Vā. 9. 55: 21. 33: 30. 86: 33. 64: 34. 55. [Footnote] 12) Br. II.

8. 40. [Footnote] 13) Vā. 66. 73.

Gandharvas (II) — (Mauneya) in number 60 crores,

overcame the Nāgas of Rasātala and deprived them of

their jewels, etc.; ultimately defeated by Purukutsa, son of

Māndhāta.

Vi. IV. 3. 4-9.

Gandharva viṣaya — Bharata in charge of; killed three

crores of them.

Vi. IV. 4. 100.

gandharva , m. (cf. Pali gandhabbā, f., and Skt.

gāndharva, nt., id.), music: Mvy 4954 (so also Mironov;

short a may be MIndic, but note gender!) = Tib. rol mo.

GANDHARVA I . Gandharvas are sons born to the

famous Kaśyapaprajāpati of his wife, Ariṣṭhā (Agni

Puraṇa, Chapter 19). Both belonged to the race of

the Devas.

GANDHARVA II . A King born in the dynasty of

Janamejaya. (Bhāgavata, Navama Skandha).