madra

madra m. (-draḥ)

1 Joy, delight.

2 A country enumerated amongst those to the N. W. of Hindustan proper.

3 A sovereign of that country. f. (-drā) The name of a river.

E. madi to be delighted, Uṇādi aff. rak.

madra (draḥ) 1. m. Joy; N. W. country;
its king. f. Name of a river.

madra mad + ra, I. m. 1. Joy. 2.

The name of a country, Sāv. 1, 2. 3.

A sovereign of that country. II. f.

rā, The name of a river.

Madra, am, n. joy, happiness; (as), m. a country

to the north-west of Hindūstan proper, the land of

Madra; a king of Madra; N. of a son of Śivi

the progenitor of the Madras; (ās), m. pl., N. of

a people; (ā), f., N. of a daughter of Raudrāśva; of

a river; a personification of the first note or Mūr-

chanā in the Gāndhāra-grāma; (ī), f. a princess of

Madra. —Madra-kāra or madraṅ-kara, as, ā or

ī, am, causing joy, giving delight, delighting. —Ma-

dra-kūla, cf. mādrakūlaka. —Madra-gāra, as,

m., N. of a man, (also written madra-gāri.) —Ma-

dra-nagara, am, n. the city of the Madras. —Ma-

dra-nābha, as, m. a particular mixed caste (Mahā-

bh. Anuśāsana-p. 2585). —Madra-pa, as, m. the

ruler of the Madras. —Madra-bāṇija, as, m. a

merchant who goes to Madra. —Madra-sutā, f.

‘daughter of the king of Madra,’ an epithet of Mādrī,

the second wife of Pāṇḍu; [cf. mādrī.] —Madrā-

kṛ, cl. 8. P. -karoti, -kartum, to shear, shave.

madra madra. See col. 1.

madrá m. pl. N. of a people, sgl. the country or a prince of the M.; *n. joy or hail to (gen. or dat.)!

madra mad-rá, m. N. of a people (pl.); country
of Madra; prince of Madra: -ka, m. N. of a
despised people (pl.); prince of madra; inhabitant
of Madra; n. kind of song.

madrá a m. a country to the north-west of Hindūstan proper, or a king (pl. the people) of this c°, ŚBr. &c. &c.

N. of a son of Śibi (the progenitor of the Madras), Pur.

madrá n. joy, happiness (madraṃ tasya or tasmai, ‘joy to him!’ cf. n. of bhadra), Pāṇ. ii, 3, 73.

madra b &c. See col. 1.

madra

m. (-draḥ)

1. Joy, delight.

2. A country enumerated amongst those
to the N. W. of Hindustan proper.

3. A sovereign of that coun-
try.

f. (-drā) The name of a river.

E. madi to be delighted, Unādi
aff. rak .

madra madra m. (mad; sfx. ra) joie.

Np. d'un pays dans le N. O. de l'Hindoustan;

np. d'un roi de ce pays.

— F. np. de rivière.

madraka a. du pays de Madra.

madrakāra a. (kṛ) qui produit la joie.

madrāyāmi, madrāye (dénom.) se réjouir.

madra- m. contrée et peuple du Penjab ; son roi ; fils de Śibi ; -ka- prince ou habitant des Madra ; pl. les Madra ; -ikā- f. femme Madra.

°nābha- m. n. d'une caste provenant d'un croisement.

°pa- m. chef des Madra.

°strī- f. femme Madra.

madrá (von 1. mad) UṆĀDIS. 2, 13.

1) n. Freude H. 86. mit dat. oder gen. beim Wunsche P. 2, 3, 73. madraṃ devadattāya oder °dattasya Sch. masc. UJJVAL.

— 2) m. pl. N. pr. eines Volkes LASSEN in Z. f. d. K. d. M. 3, 212. fgg. ŚAT. BR. 14, 6, 3, 1. 7, 1. AV. PARIŚ. in Verz. d. B. H. 92 (50). P. 4, 2, 108. 131. MBH. 3, 16620. HARIV. 784. VARĀH. BṚH. S. 4, 22. 14, 22. 32, 19. WEBER, Nakṣ. II, 392. śākalaṃ nāma madreṣu babhūva nagaraṃ purā KATHĀS. 44, 17. VP. 177. MĀRK. P. 57, 44. 58, 45. madrāṇāṃ samṛddhiḥ sumadram VOP. 6, 61. strīṇāṃ madrastriyo malam MBH. 8, 2093. madrabhujiṅgāḥ (madrakaliṅgāḥ ed. Bomb.) 6, 349 (VP. 187). madreśa (so ed. Bomb. st. madraja) 7, 1602. VARĀH. BṚH. S. 14, 33. madreśvara HARIV. 5083. °rāja 4968. 6702. MĀRK. P. 132, 46. °maṇḍala RĀJA-TAR. 8, 1533. °vāṇijāḥ Kaufleute, die nach Madra gehen, P. 6, 2, 13, Sch. °savidha, °sanīḍa, °samaryāda, °saveśa, °sadeśa 23, Sch. uttaramadrāḥ AIT. BR. 8, 14; vgl. paurvamadra. madra sg. das Land der Madra UJJVAL. MBH. 8, 2086. ein Fürst der Madra HARIV. 5013. 5494. °sutā eine Tochter des Königs der Madra, Pāṇḍu's zweite Gemahlin, ŚABDAR. im ŚKDR. madrī eine Fürstin der Madra P. 4, 1, 177, Sch. Madra ein Sohn Śivi's, der Urahn des Volkes, VP. 444. BHĀG. P. 9, 23, 3.

— 3) f. ā

a) N. pr. einer Tochter Raudrāśva's HARIV. 1661, wo die neuere Ausg. wie LANGLOIS bhadrā śūdrā ca madrā liest.

— b) N. pr. eines Flusses VP. 185, N. 80.

— c) eine Personification der ersten Mūrchaṇā im GāndhāraGrāma As. Res. 9, 469.

— 4) f. ī s. u. 2.

— Vgl. madraka, mādra .

madrá

— 1) m.

— a) Pl. N.pr. eines Volkes ; Sg. des von ihm bewohnten Landes.

— b) ein Fürst der Madra.

— c) N.pr. eines Sohnes des Śibi und Urahnen des Volkes Madra.

— 2) f. madrā

— a) eine Personification der ersten Mūrchanā im Gāndrāra-Grāma.

— b) N.pr.

— α) einer Tochter Raudrāśva's HARIV. 1,31,9.

— β) eines Flusses.

— 3) *f. madrī eine Fürstin der Medra.

— 4) *n. Freude. Mit Dat. oder Gen. beim Wunsche.

madrá m. Landes-, Pl. Volksn.; *n. Freude dem (Gen. o. Dat.)!

madra m. pl. nomen regionis. SA. 1. 2.

madra pu0 mada—rak . “virāṭapāṇḍyayormadhye pūrvadakṣakabheṇa ca .
madradeśaḥ samākhyātaḥ” ityukte 1 deśe 2 harṣe 3 maṅgale ca .
vṛ0 saṃ0 14 a0 .

Madra¹, pl. (°āḥ), a people. § 190d (Arjuna): I, 123,

4796 (will be vanquished by Arjuna).—§ 234 (Svayaṃvarap.):

I, 190, 7092 (Śalyo M°āṇām īśvaraḥ).—§ 285 (Nakula):

II, 32, 1196 (Śākalaṃ…M°āṇāṃ puṭabhe-

danaṃ).—§ 295 (Dyūtap.): II, 52, 1870 (°-Kaikayāḥ,

brought tribute to Yudhiṣṭhira, B. has Bh°).—§ 545

(Pativratāmāhātmyap.): III, 293, 16620 (ruled by

Aśvapati).—§ 581 (Bhīṣmavadhap.): VI, 61³δ, 2691

(saha Kaikayaiḥ, in the army of Duryodhana, attack

Arjuna and Abhimanyu).—§ 582 (do.): VI, 71¹⁰γ,

3132 (°-Sauvīra-Gāndhāraiḥ, supported Śakuni), (δ), 3138

(°āṇām ṛṣabheṇa, sc. Śalyena).—§ 583 (do.): VI, 75δ, 3295

(-Sauvīra-Kekayaiḥ, followed Bhagadatta).—§ 589 (Droṇā-

bhiṣekap.): VII, 7ζ, 183 (in the rear of Droṇa's array).—

§ 590 (do.): VII, 15, 613 (°āṇām adhipaṃ, i.e. Śalya).—

§ 592 (Saṃśaptakavadhap.): VII, 20γ, 799 (°-Kaikayāḥ,

in the neck of Droṇa's gāruḍavyūha).—§ 599 (Jayadratha-

vadhap.): VII, 95, 3529 (°āṇām īśvaro Śalyaḥ).—§ 603

(Nārāyaṇāstramokṣap.): VII, 193, 8903 (do.):—§ 604

(Karṇap.): VIII, 9, 331 (°āṇām adhipaḥ, i.e. Śalya).—

§ 605 (do.): VIII, 11, 418 (Śalyaḥ…mahatyā

senayā sārdhaṃ M°deśasamutthayā). 22ζζ, 864 (attacked

the Pāñcālas).—§ 607 (do.): VIII, 44λ, 2070 (°-Gāndhārāḥ,

among the peoples who have blameable practices); 45, 2086

(sg.), 2093 (°striyaḥ, are the most debased of women).—§ 608

(do.): VIII, 46, 2143 (°-Kaikeyaiḥ, protected Duryodhana);

47λ, 2229 (supported Duryodhana); 50, 2404 (°āṇām

īśvaraḥ, i.e. Śalya), 2408 (°āṇām īśvare, i.e. Śalya); 56ρρ,

2762 (°-Saindhavān, attacked by Bhīmasena).—§ 610

(Śalyap.): IX, 7, 332 (°āṇām adhipaḥ, i.e. Śalya).—§ 611

(do.): IX, 12, 617 (°āṇāṃ vṛṣabhaṃ Śalyaṃ); 13, 674

(°āṇām adhipaṃ, i.e. Śalya); 15, 782 (do.), 784 (°āṇām

adhipasya, i.e. Śalya); 18, 957, 973, 984 (attack Yudhiṣ-

ṭhira after the slaughter of Śalya, but are slain by the

Pāṇḍavas); 23, 1205 (°yodhāḥ). Cf. Madraka, pl.,

Mādreya, pl.

Madra², pl. (°āḥ). § 186 (Vyuṣitāśvop.): I, 121, 4714

(the dead Vyuṣitāśva begat on Bhadrā three Śālvas and

four M.).

Madra denotes a people who are mentioned in the Bṛhad-

āraṇyaka Upaniṣad;¹ Kāpya Patañcala was then living among

them. Their name appears elsewhere in Vedic literature, only

in that of a branch, the Uttara Madras, the ‘northern Madras,’

who are referred to in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa² as living

beyond the Himālaya (pareṇa Himavantam) in the neigh-

bourhood of the Uttara Kurus, probably, as Zimmer³ con-

jectures, in the land of Kaśmīr. The Madras mentioned in

the Upaniṣad were, like the Kurus, probably settled some-

where in Kurukṣetra in the Madhyadeśa or ‘Middle Land.’

Cf. Madragāra. [Footnote] 1) iii. 3, 1; 7, 1 [Footnote] 2) viii. 14, 3 [Footnote] 3) Altindisches Leben, 102.

Madras — an ancient tribe: enlisted by Jarāsandha

against the Yadus, their king went to Syamantapañcaka for

the solar eclipse

M. 208. 5; Bhā. X. [54 (V) 4] 82. 13.

MADRA (M). An ancient place of habitation in Bhārata.

This is situated near the river Jhelum. Mādrī,

the wife of Pāṇḍu was a princess of this place. Bhīṣma

went to Madra and brought Mādrī for Pāṇḍu. (Chapter

112, Ādi Parva). At the time of Arjuna's birth there

was a voice from heaven which said, “This child will

grow up and capture many countries like Madra”.

Aśvapati, father of Sāvitrī, was a king of Madra. Karṇa

condemned Madra and Vāhīka as countries which had

fallen low in virtue. (Chapter 44, Karṇa Parva).

12. Madra (No. 15, L. 8):

He was a follower of Jaina cult full of affection for brāhmaṇas

and religious preceptors and ascetics and set up five stone

images of Ādikartṛs or Tīrthaṃkaras, i.e. the five images in

the niches of the column and the column itself, at the village

of Kakubha, i.e., Kahaum.

Madra is the name of a country to the north-west of

Hindustan proper, or a king (pl. the people) of this country.

It was also the name of a son of Śibi (the progenitor of the

Madras).⁴⁰ Mādrī, we get the name of a princess of Madra.⁴¹

Literally it means ‘joy’.⁴²

Madra, Madraka m. (pl.): Name of

a country and its people; referred to as

Madraka specially when derision was in-

tended (8. adhyāyas 27, 30); otherwise

madraka for madra very likely due to

metrical reasons.

A. Location: Listed by Saṃjaya

among the northern Janapadas (also called

Deśas 6. 10. 68) of Bhāratavarṣa (ata

ūrdhvaṃ janapadān nibodha) 6. 10. 37, 5;

(saudhā madrā … ) 6. 10. 40. B. Origin:

Bhadrā, wife of Vyuṣitāśva, gave birth to

four Madra sons (sā … suṣuve devī …

caturo madrān sutān … ) 1. 112. 33. C.

Description: Of their warriors; brave

(śūra) 9. 17. 4, 14, 35; heroic (vīra) 9. 7.

23; 9. 17. 1, 17; energetic (tarasvin) 9. 22.

25; of great valour (mahāvīrya) 8. 31. 21;

great chariot-fighters (mahāratha) 8. 32.

19; 9. 6. 7; 9. 17. 5, 11; skilled in fight-

ing while riding elephants (gajayodhin;

gajayuddheṣu kuśalāḥ) 8. 17. 2-3; great

archers (maheṣvāsa) 9. 17. 23; versed in

the science of archery (dhanurvedavid) and

difficult to be conquered by enemies (ajeyāḥ

śatrubhir yudhi) 6. 57. 13; of the people in

general; wicked (durātman) 8. 27. 71, 74;

vile, of despicable speech (narādhama,

kṣudravākya) 8. 27. 73; untruthful, not

straightforward (nityaṃ cānṛtiko 'nṛjuḥ)

8. 27. 74; croocked (jihma) 8. 30. 62;

imprudent (acetas) 8. 30. 55; fickle

(madrako hi sacāpalaḥ) 8. 27. 80; their

country rated by Karṇa as reprehensible

(kudeśa), sinful (pāpadeśa) 8. 27. 67-68,

70, 91. D. Their nature, behaviour:

Although they lived in countries they led

the life of Dasyus (sarve viṣayavāsinaḥ/ …

sarve te dasyujīvinaḥ//) 12. 65. 15; Karṇa

repeated for Śalya gāthās describing the

nature and behaviour of Madrakas, which

were once recited by certain Brāhmaṇas in

the royal assembly of Kurus: a Madraka

was a habitual violator of contracts; who-

ever hated Brāhmaṇas was a Madraka;

there could be no companionship with a

Madraka; Madrakas were wicked to the

bitter end (mitradhruṅ madrako nityaṃ

yo no dveṣṭi sa madrakaḥ/madrake

saṃgataṃ nāsti … yāvadantaṃ hi daurā-

tmyaṃ madrakeṣv iti naḥ śrutam//) 8.

27. 73-74; Madraka men and women

united with one another without regard

for family or any other relationship; they

could never be religious; they ate churn-

ed meal, drank wine, ate beef, roared

and danced 8. 27. 75-78; one should

neither form friendship nor have enmity

with Madrakas with whom religion was lost

and whose unauspicious deeds were well

known (madrakeṣu vilupteṣu prakhyātā-

śubhakarmasu/nāpi vairaṃ na sauhārdaṃ

madrakeṣu samācaret//) 8. 27. 79; one

should not touch Madrakas (madrakeṣu ca

duḥsparśam) 8. 27. 80; Madraka women

are severely criticized for their shameful

acts and licentious behaviour 8. 27. 85-

89; from beginning to the end Madrakas

followed reprehensible bad paths; they

were mlecchas born in sinful countries

and had no sense of religion; there could

be no question of their knowing dharma

(śakyaṃ vaktuṃ bhaved bahu/ā keśāgrān

nakhāgrāc ca vaktavyeṣu kuvartmasu//

madrakā … dharmaṃ vidyuḥ kathaṃ ty

tha/pāpadeśodbhavā mlecchā dharmāṇām

avicakṣaṇāḥ//) 8. 27. 90-91; one of the

old Brāhmaṇas who had visited many

countries, when he met Dhṛtarāṣṭra, he

condemned Bāhlīkas and also Madras

(madrāṃś ca kutsayan vākyam abravīt)

8. 30. 9; therefore what he said despising

specifically the Bāhlīkas applied also to

Madrakas 8. 30. 10-26; a certain Brāh-

maṇa told an artisan (śīlpin) what he

had heard about Madrakas: among

Madrakas in every family there was only

one wise person, the rest behaved as they

liked; their behaviour led to confusion

of dharma (bhavaty ekaḥ kule vipraḥ

śiṣṭānye kāmacāriṇaḥ/etan mayā śrutaṃ

tatra dharmasaṃkarakārakam/) 8. 30. 55-

56; another Brāhmaṇa told the Kuru

assembly describing Madras as croocked

and said that all countries, except Madras

and Pañcanadas, followed the ancient

dharma (dharmaṃ purāṇam upajīvanti

santo madrān ṛte pañcanadāṃś ca jihmān)

8. 30. 62; according to a Rākṣasa named

Kalmāṣapāda, who was held by a king,

Madra women were as good as the

dirt on the bodies of women (strīṇāṃ

madrastriyo malam) 8. 30. 68; he further

said that the dirt on the bodies of Madra-

kas, whose sacrifices were performed by

those whose sacrificial priests were of

warrior class, would be the dirt of the

king if he did not release Kalmāṣapāda

(rājayājakayājyānāṃ madrakāṇāṃ ca yan

malam/tad bhaved vai tava malaṃ yady

asmān na vimuñcasi//) 8. 30. 71. E.

Epic events: (1) Bhīṣma went to the town

of Madras (madrāṇāṃ puṭabhedanam) and

bought Mādrī, the daughter of the Madra

king, for Pāṇḍu 1. 105. 4-5; (2) At the

birth of Arjuna (jātamātre kumāre tu 1.

114. 28) a noncorporeal voice prophesied

that he (Arjuna) would bring Madras under

control (madrān vaśe kṛtvā) 1. 114. 31;

(according to a later reference, this event

happened a week after Arjuna was born

saptāhajāte tvayi 8. 48. 6); (3) Nakula in

his expedition to the west before the Rāja-

sūya (2. 29. 2; 1. 23. 10) went to Śākala,

the town of Madras (madrāṇām puṭa-

bhedanam) and subdued Śalya with affection

(prītipūrveṇa … cakre vaśe balī) 2. 29.

13; (4) Madra Kṣatriyas brought wealth

in hundreds as tribute for Yudhiṣṭhira

(madrakekayāḥ/ … āhārṣuḥ kṣatriyā vittaṃ

śataśo 'jātaśatrave) 2. 48. 13, 16; (5)

On the second day of war, Madrakas

were to protect Bhīṣma (madrakāḥ …

bhīṣmam evābhirakṣantu) 6. 47. 7, 9; (6)

On the third day, Madrakas (madrakāḥ)

were posted at the ‘neck’ (grīvāyām) of

the Gāruḍavyūha of Kauravas 6. 52. 2, 5;

(7) On the fourth day, principal Madra

warriors (madrāś ca … mukhyāḥ) with

Trigartas and Kekayas, thirtyfive thousand

strong, encircled Arjuna and Abhimanyu;

then Dhṛṣṭadyumna, assisted by a large

army, attacked Madraka army (madrakā-

nīkam) and killed them, each one with

ten arrows (madrakān hatvā daśabhir

daśabhiḥ śaraiḥ) 6. 57. 12-13, 16, 19;

(8) On the fifth day, Madras collected

round the king of Kaliṅgas 6. 67. 13; (9)

On the sixth day, Madras led by Bhaga-

datta (prāgjyotiṣaḥ) stood at the chest

(urasi) of the Krauñcavyūha of Kauravas

6. 71. 18, 14; (10) On the eleventh day,

Madras led by Duryodhana followed

Karṇa in the Śakaṭavyūha of Kauravas 7.

6. 6-7, 15; (11) On the twelfth day,

Suśarman, supported by Madrakas (sahito

madrakair api), took oath to kill Arjuna

7. 16. 20; on that day, Madras stood at

the neck (grīvāyām) of the Suparṇavyūha

(7. 19. 4) by hundreds of thousands with

elephants, horses, chariots and foot-soldiers

(madrakekayāḥ/gajāśvarathapattyaughās

tasthuḥ śatasahasraśaḥ//) 7. 19. 8; Madras

were also posted at the back of the Vyūha

(pṛṣṭhe … pauṇḍramadrakāḥ) 7. 19. 11;

(12) During the night war, Yudhiṣṭhira

killed a large number of Madrakas

(madrakāṇāṃ gaṇān yudhi) 7. 132. 25;

Arjuna did the same 7. 136. 5; (13) In

the summary narration of the first

fifteen days of war Saṃjaya mentioned

Madrakas among those who were killed

by Arjuna (mālavā madrakāś caiva) 8. 4.

46; (14) Dhṛtarāṣṭra remembered that

Karṇa had once defeated Madrakas

and made them pay tribute (ajaīṣīd...

madrakān … yo jitvā samare vīraś cakre

balibhṛtaḥ purā) 8. 5. 18, 20; (a reference

to Karṇa's digvijaya before Duryodhana's

Vaiṣṇavayāga (3. 241. 29, 32; 3. App. I.

24. 28-34); (15) On the sixteenth day,

Śalya with his large army of Madra warriors

stood at the left foot of the Makaravyūha

of Kauravas (anupādas tu vāmas …

mahatyā senayā sārdhaṃ madradeśasamu-

tthayā//) 8. 7. 19, 14; on the same

day, elephant drivers drove Madra and

other warriors, skilled in fighting battles

while riding elephants; they showered

Dhṛṣṭadyumna with arrows, tomaras and

nārāca arrows; Dhṛṣṭadyumna pierced the

enemy elephants with arrows—each one

with ten, six or eight arrows; the Pāṇḍava

warriors succeeded in routing the attack of

the elephants (hastibhis tu mahāmātrās …

pārṣatam abhyayuḥ// … gajayodhinaḥ …

madrā daśārṇā … gajayuddheṣu kuśa-

lāḥ … //) 8. 17. 1-6; (evaṃ hatvā tava

gajān) 8. 17. 28; (16) On the seventeenth

day, Duryodhana, protected by Madras and

Kekayas, followed Duḥśāsana, who was

at the back (vyūhasya pṛṣṭhataḥ) of the

Bārhaspatyavyūha of Kauravas 8. 31. 19,

21, 26; Duryodhana protected by Madra

mahārathas was guarding Karṇa from all

sides 8. 32. 19; angered Bhīma fought with

Madras along with Kurus and Kekayas;

he killed their chariot-fighters by thousands

along with their charioteers, horses, ele-

phants and foot-soldiers 8. 40. 69, 71-73;

(17) On the eighteenth day, when Śalya

was consecrated as the senāpati of Kaura-

vas, Madrakas were delighted and they

praised Śalya (hṛṣṭāś cāsan … madrakāś ca

… /tuṣṭuvuś caiva) 9. 6. 7; Śalya was at the

head of the Sarvatobhadravyūha (mukhaṃ

vyūhasya) along with Madraka heroes

(madrakaiḥ sahito vīraiḥ) 9. 7. 23, 19;

(18) On the eighteenth day, Duryodhana

tried to check seven hundred chariot-fighters

of Madras who rushed forward from the

main army to continue to fight even after

the death of Śalya (madrarājapadānugāḥ/

rathāḥ sapta śatā vīrā niryayur mahato

balāt//na gantavyaṃ na gantavyam iti

madrān avārayat); though they were repea-

tedly asked to stop marching forward,

Madras entered the army of Pāṇḍavas to

kill Yudhiṣṭhira; intent on fighting (kṛta-

cittāḥ sma yodhane) they made twangs

from their bows and fought with Pāṇḍavas

9. 17. 1-4; Arjuna rushed to help Yudhi-

ṣṭhira who was oppressed by great Madra

chariot-fighters desirous of doing what

was dear to the king of Madras (dharma-

putraṃ ca pīḍitam/madrarājapriye yuktair

madrakāṇāṃ mahārathaiḥ//); encircled

by Pāṇḍavas, Madra heroes repeatedly

agitated their army (te samantāt parivṛtāḥ

pāṇḍavaiḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ/kṣobhayanti

sma tāṃ senām.../;akṣobhyata tadā

rājan pāṇḍūnāṃ dhvajinī puṇaḥ); fighting

whole-heartedly the Madra chariot-fighters

made their opponents tremble (tyaktā-

tmānaḥ … kampayanti sma) 9. 17. 5, 9-

11; they shouted loudly asking the where-

abouts of Yudhiṣṭhira and other Pāṇḍava

warriors; Draupadī's sons and Sātyaki

attacked them; Madras, with the wheels

of their chariots and flag-staffs broken,

were killed by Pāṇḍavas 9. 17. 12, 14-

15; when they again rushed at Pāṇḍavas,

Duryodhana tried to pacify them urging

them to return; but no one listened to him

9. 17. 16-17; Śakuni blamed Duryodhana

since Madras were being killed in the

very presence of Kaurava heroes; he

reminded him that Kurus and Madras

had decided to fight together (sahitair nāma

yoddhavyam ity eṣa samayaḥ kṛtaḥ) 9. 17.

17-20; when Duryodhana complained that

the Madra warriors did not listen to him

when he tried to check them, Śakuni told

him that angered fighters do not obey the

orders of their seniors; that was not the

time either to get angry with Madras or

neglect them (alaṃ kroddhuṃ tathalteṣāṃ

nāyaṃ kāla upekṣitum); he advised Duryo-

dhana collectively to go to save the great

(Madra) archers who were loyal to Śalya

(paritrātuṃ maheṣvāsān madrarājapadānu-

gān) 9. 17. 21-24; accordingly Duryo-

dhana with his large army went to the

help of Madra warriors; Pāṇḍavas, seeing

Madra warriors fighting, attacked them;

in the battle that ensued Madras were

killed 9. 17. 25-28; the battle described

9. 17. 30-37; when Duryodhana's army

realized that the large army of Śalya was

being killed, they again turned away from

the scene of fight (tato hatam abhiprekṣya

madrarājabalaṃ mahat/duryodhanabalaṃ

sarvaṃ punar āsīt parāṅmukham) 9. 17. 38;

Śakuni told the energetic (tarasvinaḥ)

Madra warriors to attack the vanguard

of the Pāṇḍava army and that he himself,

would take in the rear (yudhyadhvam

agrato yāvat pṛṣṭhato hanmi pāṇḍavān);

they raised sound and attacked Pāṇḍavas

who showered arrows and killed the

army of Śalya; seeing that, Duryo-

dhana's army again turned away; Śakuni

again blamed them and pointed out that

the Madra army consisting of ten thousand

horses and fighting with bright lances had

fought heroically and brought about great

destruction of the enemies (anīkaṃ daśa-

sāhasram aśvānāṃ … /āsid gāndhārarājasya

vimalaprāsayodhinām/balena tena vikra-

mya vartamāne janakṣaye) 9. 22. 24-30.

F. Past event; Māndhātṛ once asked Indra

how kings like him could make Madrakas

who lived like Dasyus, follow religion and

how he could control them (kathaṃ dhar-

maṃ careyus te … /madvidhaiś ca kathaṃ

sthāpyā … ); thereupon Indra told him the

duties of Dasyus 12. 65. 13, 15, 17-22.

G. Several persons, especially Śalya desi-

gnated with reference to Madras or Madra-

kas; A. One related to Madrakas: (i)

madraka: Śalya 8. 27. 85, 100; (ii)

madrakā (f.): A woman of the Madra

country 8. 27. 87 (sg.), 89 (pl.); B.

Meanest of the Madrakas: madrakādhama

Śalya 8. 27. 101; C. King of Madras or

Madrakas (i) madrakeśvara: Śalya 6. 41.

83; 9. 15. 18; (ii) madrajanādhipa: Śalya

8. 23. 11; 8. 30. 7; 8. 51. 57; 9. 16. 11; (iii)

madrajaneśvara: Śalya 8. 34. 17; 9. 6.

35; (iv) madranṛpa: Śalya 9. 16. 65; (v)

madrapa: Śalya 8. 26. 70; 9. 11. 26; 9. 16.

14; (vi) madrapati: (1) Śalya 8. 26. 52,

70; 8. 68. 13; 9. 15. 66; 9. 16. 1; (2) Father

of Mādrī and Śalya (not named) 1. 105. 4;

(vii) madrarāj: Śalya 6. 41. 71; 7. 24. 15;

7. 120. 8, 40; 8. 26. 61; 9. 10. 38; 9. 16. 52;

(viii) madrarāja: (1) Aśvapati 3. 277. 13;

(2) Śalya 1. 1. 148; 1. 2. 169; 1. 115. 1;

1. 116. 31; 1. 177. 13; 2. 31. 7; 5. 8. 11, 17;

5. 59. 17; 5. 162. 26; 6. 45. 42, 46; 6. 58.

13, 15; 6. 79. 47, 49-50; 6. 101. 25, 30-32;

6. 109. 23, 38; 6. 111. 29; 7. 14. 8, 19, 25;

7. 36. 5; 7. 38. 15; 7. 53. 26; 7. 79. 4, 26;

7. 80. 18; 7. 105. 35; 7. 110. 7; 7. 120.

19, 78, 80; 7. 133. 54; 7. 134. 7; 7. 140.

14; 7. 142. 20, 22, 27, 29; 7. 162. 25; 7.

169. 37; 8. 1. 44; 8. 4. 23; 8. 5. 98, 101;

8. 22. 55, 61; 8. 23. 1, 50; 8. 25. 7; 8. 26.

1, 3-4, 9, 30; 8. 27. 17, 103; 8. 30. 1; 8.

35. 20; 8. 45. 31; 8. 51. 13; 8. 56. 9; 8. 57.

13; 8. 67. 35; 8. 68. 6; 9. 2. 60-61; 9. 6. 1,

22, 26, 29, 31, 34; 9. 7. 6, 10, 17, 19, 23,

41; 9. 8. 39; 9. 9. 1, 7, 50, 53; 9. 10. 11-13,

53-54; 9. 11. 8, 12, 16, 34, 51, 58; 9. 12. 1,

31-33, 39-40, 42; 9. 14. 16, 20, 22-23, 25,

27-28, 31-32, 40; 9. 15. 1, 5, 14, 29, 31, 55-

56; 9. 16. 34, 59, 76; 9. 17. 1, 5, 14, 23,

27-28, 35, 38; 9. 18. 1, 3, 7, 21; 9. 22. 27;

9. 26. 14; 9. 31. 19; 9. 53. 34; 11. 23. 2,

6-7; (ix) madrarājan: Śalya 1. 181. 30; 1.

192. 3; 6. 43. 26; 6. 112. 38; 7. 71. 29; 8. 27.

105; 9. 12. 27; 9. 18. 26; 14. 59. 24; (x)

madreṣu rājan-: Aśvapati 3. 277. 5; (xi)

madrādhipa: (1) Aśvapati 3. 278. 1; 3.

283. 13; (2) Śalya 5. 18. 25; 5. 56. 13; 6.

43. 26; 6. 45. 44; 6. 55. 109; 6. 58. 14,

17; 6. 81. 12; 7. 14. 11-12, 26, 34; 7. 122.

63; 7. 142. 24, 30; 8. 25. 3; 8. 29. 1; 8. 34.

41; 8. 51. 50; 8. 68. 7; 9. 1. 25; 9. 11. 6-7;

9. 12. 29; 9. 15. 58, 65; 9. 16, 9, 12, 24-25,

28, 38, 40; (xii) madrāṇām adhipa-: 7.

14. 32; 9. 6. 10; 9. 12. 17; 9. 14. 28. 30;

(xiii) madrādhipati: Śalya 6. 45. 35; 6. 58.

8; 8. 68. 59; 9. 6. 5; 9. 9. 56; 9. 16. 10, 16-

17, 20, 35, 46; (xiv) madreśa: Śalya 6. 77.

25; 7. 24. 16; 7. 37. 3; 7. 52. 7; 8. 23. 13;

8. 24. 1; 8. 26. 72; 8. 31. 56; 9. 10. 24; 9.

14. 21; 9. 15. 46, 52; 9. 16. 56; 14. 59.

22; (xv) madreśvara: (i) Śalya 1. 2. 173;

6. 43. 28; 6. 79. 42, 53; 6. 80. 53; 6. 110.

27; 6. 112. 39; 7. 44. 9; 7. 95. 16; 8. 23.

2, 43; 8. 27. 30; 9. 6. 33; 9. 12. 4; 9. 12,

25, 36; 9. 14. 19; (ii) father of Mādrī (not

named) 1. 103. 5; (xvi) madrāṇām īśvara-:

Śalya 1. 181. 8; 6. 67. 19; 7. 14. 32; 7. 70.

39; 7. 165. 77; 8. 34. 11, 15; 9. 6. 10; 9. 11.

25; 9. 12. 17; 9. 14. 28, 30; D. The best

(lit. the bull) of the Madras: madrāṇāṃ

ṛṣabha- Śalya 6. 67. 19; 9. 11. 25.