atri

atri m. (-triḥ) The name of one of the seven Ṛṣis or saints, born from the eye of BRAHMĀ, married to ANASŪYĀ, daughter of KARDAMA MUNI, and the father of DATTA or DATTĀTREYA, DURVĀSAS and CANDRA.

E. ada to eat and trip Uṇādi aff. The correct reading is attri, but the word is always written with one ta.

atri (triḥ) 2. m. A sage, the father
of Chandra.

atri m. (-triḥ) ¹ Eater, devourer (in the Vedas especially as

an epithet of Agni, the divinity of fire). ² The name of a

Maharshi or a great Saint, who in the Vedas occurs especi-

ally in hymns composed for the praise of Agni, Indra, the

Aśvins and the Viśvadevas; and who in the epic period

is considered as one of the ten Prajāpatis or lords of crea-

tion engendered by Manu for the purpose of creating the

universe; at a later period he appears as a mindborn son

of Brahmā and as one of the seven Ṛṣis who preside

over the reign of Svāyambhuva, the first, or according to

others of Svārochiṣa, the second, or of Vaivaswata, the

seventh Manu; he is married to Anasūyā, the daughter of

Daksha and their son is Durvāsas. Produced by a flash of

light from his eye which was received by Space, the via

lactea personified, or according to a more recent legend,

by his penitence, is Soma or the moon. See atrijāta,

atridṛgja, atrinetraja &c. As sons of his are also named

the Manes Barhishads and Udamaya; a daughter of his is

Apālā. The name of Atri occurs also as that of the author

of several vaidik hymns, as that of an inspired legislator,

of the author of an astronomical and medical work and,

in astronomy, as one of the seven Ṛṣis in the constel-

lation of the great bear.--An Atri, son of Sāṅkhya, but

probably a different personage, is the author of a hymn in

the Ṛgveda.--Amongst the authors of vaidik hymns we

find as sons or descendants of Atri the following: Archa-

nāna, Avasyu, Bāhuvṛkta, Bhauma, Budha, Dvita, Ga-

viṣṭhira, Gaya, Gopavana, Isha, Paura, Pratibhānu, Pra-

tiprabha, the Prayaswats, Purīṣa, Ratahavya, Sadāpṛṇa,

Saptavadhri, Śaśa, Satyaśravas, Śrutavid, Sutambhara,

Śyāvāśva, Vasuśruta, the Vasūyus, Viśvasāman, Yajata;

and as daughters of Atri, Apālā, Gātu, Viśvavārā. ³ m.

pl. (atrayaḥ) The descendants (see gotra) of Atri collectively.

(The masc. plur. atrayaḥ is considered as the plur. of the

patronymic ātreya (q. v.) with luk of the taddh. aff. ḍhak;

the plural of the fem., however, remaining regular, viz.

ātreyyaḥ; but there is no necessity to adopt this artificial

etymology which is given to connect the sense of the pa-

tronymic with that of the plur. of the original form.) E.

See attri.

atri atri, m. The name of a Ṛṣi,

or saint, Man. 1, 35.

Atri, is, m. (etymologically at-tri, fr. rt. ad), a de-

vourer; N. of a great Ṛṣi, author of a number of Vedic

hymns; (in astronomy) one of the seven stars of

the Great Bear. —Atrayas, pl. m. the descendants of

Atri. —Atri-caturaha, as, m. (the four days of Atri),

N. of a sacrifice. —Atri-jāta, as, m. the moon, said to

have been produced by Atri's look; for a-tri-jāta, see

below. —Atri-dṛg-ja, atri-netra-ja or atri-netra-

prasūta or atri-netra-prabhava or atri-netra-

sūta, as, or atri-netra-bhū, ūs, m. the moon; (in

arithm.) the number one. —Atri-bhāradvājikā, f.

marriage of Atri and Bhāradvājī. —Atri-vat, ind.

like Atri. —Atri-saṃhitā, ā, or atri-smṛti, is, f.

the code ascribed to Atri.

átri, m. Atri, name of a famous Rishi.

atri a. [properly attri, Uṇ. 4. 68, adestriniśca, ad-trin] Devourer; Rv. 2. 8. 5.

— triḥ N. of a celebrated sage and author of many Vedic hymns. [He appears in the Vedas in hymns addressed to Agni, Indra, the Aśvins and the Viśvedevas. In the Svāyambhuva Manvantara he appears as one of the ten Prajāpatis or mind-born sons of Brahmā, being born from his eye. These sons having died by the curse of Śiva, Brahmā performed a sacrifice, at the beginning of the present Vaivasvata Manvantara, and Atri was born from the flames of Agni. Anasūyā was his wife in both lives. In the first she bore him three sons, Datta, Durvāsas and Soma; in the second she had two additional children, a son by name Aryaman and a daughter called Amalā. In the Rāmāyaṇa an account is given of the visit paid by Rāma and Sītā to Atri and Anasūyā in their hermitage, when they both received them most kindly; See Anasūyā. As a Ṛṣi or sage he is one of the seven sages who were all sons of Brahmā, and represents in Astronomy one of the stars of the Great Bear situated in the north. He is also the author of a code of laws known as atrismṛti or atrisaṃhitā. In the Purāṇas he is said to have produced the moon from his eye, while he was practising austere penance, the moon being in consequence called atrija, jāta, dṛgja, atrinetraprasūta, °prabhava, °bhava &c.; cf. also atha nayanasamutthaṃ jyotiratreriva dyauḥ R. 2. 75 and atreriveṃduḥ V. 5. 21.] (pl.) descendants of Atri.

átri a. eating, devouring. m. N. of a Ṛṣi & star in the Great Bear, pl. the descendants of Atri.

atri átri, a. devouring; m. N. of a sage:
pl. his descendants; a star in the Great Bear..

átri m. (for at-tri, fr. √ ad), a devourer, RV. ii, 8, 5

N. of a great Ṛṣi, author of a number of Vedic hymns

(in astron.) one of the seven stars of the Great Bear

pl. (atrayas) the descendants of Atri.

atri

m. (-triḥ) The name of one of one of the seven Rishis or saints,
born from the eye of RRAHMĀ, married to ANASŪYĀ, daughter
of KERDAMA MUNI, and the father of DATTA or DATTĀTREYA,
DURVĀSAS and CHANDRA.

E. ada to eat and trip Unādi aff. The
correct reading is attri, but the word is always written with one ta.

atri a. [properly attri, Uṇ.4.68, adestriniśca, ad-trin] Devourer; atrimanu svarājyamagnibh Rv.2.8.5. -triḥ N. of a celebrated sage and author of many Vedic hymns. [He appears in the Vedas in hymns addressed to Agni, Indra, the Aśvins and the Viśvedevas. In the Svāyambhuva Manvantara, he appears as one of the ten Prajāpatis or mind-born sons of Brahmā, being born from his eye. These sons having died by the curse of Śiva, Brahmā performed a sacrifice, at the beginning of the present Vaivasvata Manvantara, and Atri was born from the flames of Agni. Anasūyā was his wife in both lives. In the first, she bore him three sons, Datta, Durvāsas and Soma; in the second, she had two additional children, a son by name Aryaman and a daughter called Amalā. In the Rāmāyaṇa an account is given of the visit paid by Rāma and Sītā to Atri and Anasūyā in their hermitage, when they both received them most kindly. (See Anasūyā.) As a Riṣi or sage he is one of the seven sages who were all sons of Brahmā, and represents in Astronomy one of the stars of the Great Bear situated in the north. He is also the author of a code of laws known as atrismṛti or atrisaṃhitā. In the Purāṇas he is said to have produced the moon from his eye, while he was practising austere penance, the moon being in consequence called atrija, -jāta, -dṛgja, atrinetraprasūta, -˚prabhava, ˚bhava &c.; cf. also atha nayanasamutthaṃ jyotiratreriva dyauḥ R.2.75. and atrerivenduḥ V.5.21] - (pl.) descendants of Atri. -atrī wife of atri; atrirañya namaskartā Mb.13.17.38. -Comp. -caturahaḥ N. of a Sacrifice. -jātaḥ 1 The moon. -2 Datta. -3 Durvāsas. -bhāradvājikā Marriage of descendants of Atri with those of Bhāradvāja.

atri atri m. ennemi, rival,

Vd. Np. d'un poète du Veda, chef d'une grande famille sacerdotale.

atrijāta m. (jan) la Lune, nommée Soma; voyez ce mot;

homme de l'une des 3 premières castes.

atridṛgja m. (dṛś), atrinetraja, atrinetraprasūta (netra), atrinetrabhū, la Lune, née des yeux d'Atri [légende védique].

atri- m. n. d'un Ṛṣi.

átri (etym. attri, von 1. ad) = atrin Uṇ. 4, 69.

1) adj. verzehrend: atrìmanû svàrājyâmàgnimùkthāni vāvṛdhuḥ ṚV. 2, 8, 5.

— 2) m. N. pr. im Veda einer der meistgenannten Ṛṣi der heiligen Vorzeit. Atri hat sich in allerlei Nöthen der Hülfe Indra's, Agni's und der Aśvin zu erfreuen: utā̀trayê śàtadûreṣu gātùvit (Indra) ṚV. 1, 51, 3. yùvaṃ hâ ghàrmaṃ madhûmantàmatrâyè 'po na kṣodô 'vṛṇītamèṣe (die Aśvin) 180, 4. àgniratrîṃ ghàrma ûruṣyadàntaḥ 10, 80, 3. atrìṃ na màhastamâso 'mumuktam 6, 50, 10. 1, 117, 3. 118, 7. 119, 6. 183, 5. 5, 7, 10. 15, 5. 73, 6. 7. 8, 5, 25. 35, 19. 62, 3. 10, 39, 9. u. s. w. Atri befreit die Sonne aus der Gewalt eines bösen Geistes (Asura) Svarbhānu: atrìḥ sūryâsya dìvi cakṣùrādhā̀tsvârbhānòrapâ mā̀yā âdhukṣat ṚV. 5, 40, 8 (vgl. die vorang. und folg. Verse). 5, 2, 6. srùtādyamatrìrdivâmunnìnāyâ (sūryam) AV. 13, 2, 4. dìvi tvātrîradhārayàtsūryà māsā̂yà kartâve 12. ajâsràṃ jyotìryadavîndàdatrîḥ 36. dasselbe wird den atrayaḥ, den Angehörigen Atri's, zugeschrieben ṚV. 5, 40, 9. diese erscheinen auch 5, 39, 5. 65, 7. 8, 36, 6. 38, 8.; vgl. P. 2, 4, 65. KĀŚ. zu P. 1, 1, 63. VOP. 7, 14. Atri gehört zu den 7 Ṛṣi's (am Himmel die 7 Sterne des grossen Bären) ŚAUNAKA bei NĀRĀYAṆA zu ĀŚV. ŚR. 3, 2. und in einem PARIŚIṢṬA zu ĀŚV. ŚR. 12. am Ende. AK. 1, 1, 2, 28. H. 124, Sch. im 1sten und 7ten Manvantara HARIV. 413. 439. ein Prajāpati M. 1, 35. R. 3, 20, 8. ein grosser Büsser 3, 2, 5. VIKR. 159. N. 12, 45. erscheint in Verbindung mit Kaṇva und Jamadagni TAITT. ĀR. 4, 36. mit Yājñavalkya JĀB. UP. in Ind. St. II, 74. 75. hilft Pṛthu gegen Gautama MBH. 3, 12678. fgg. vertreibt als Priester der Ṛṣi's die Finsterniss, die sich über ihrer Halle gelagert hatte ŚAT. BR. 4, 3, 4, 21. entsteht aus dem der Vāc entfallenen Samen ŚAT. BR. 1, 4, 5, 13. wird mit dieser identificirt 14, 5, 2, 5. = BṚH. ĀR. UP. 2, 2, 4. (vgl. u. 1. atti). ein Sohn Brahman's VP. 49. 392. Vater des Durvāsas Ind. St. II, 76, N. 2. der Apālā BṚH. DEV. in Ind. St. I, 118. der Barhiṣad M. 3, 196. Soma's oder des Mondes VP. 392. Dieser soll aus seinen Augen hervorgegangen sein, ebend. N. RAGH. 2, 75; vgl. atridṛgja, atrinetraja, atrinetraprasūta, atrinetrabhū . Gemahl der Anasūyā R. 3, 2, 5. 7. VP. 54. Verfasser einer Anzahl von Liedern im 5ten Maṇḍala des ṚV., das überhaupt seinem Geschlecht zugeschrieben wird, WEBER, Lit. 31. Gesetzgeber M. 3, 16. YĀJÑ. 1, 4. WEBER, Lit. 98. Verfasser der Anukramaṇī des Kāṭhaka ebend. 99. eines medicinischen Werkes (atri, laghvatri, bṛhadatri) Verz. d. B. H. No. 940. WEBER, Lit. 237. eines astron. Werkes Ind. St. II, 247. eines Werkes über Omina Verz. d. B. H. No. 896. Kātyāyana ist den Nachkommen Atri's günstig, aber nicht denen seiner Tochter KĀTY. ŚR. 10, 2, 21. Atri's Nachkommen können als Gottheiten des 2ten Prayāja sowohl den Tanūnapāt als den Nārāśaṃsa feiern 19, 6, 9. Ein Atri, Sohn der Saṃkhyā, ist Verfasser von ṚV. 10, 143; vgl. NIR. 3, 17.

átri, 1) ursprünglich verzehrend (von ad durch den Anhang tri), daher 2) m., Eigenname eines Sängers der Vorzeit, der von den Göttern mannichfach Hülfe empfängt und die Sonne aus der Gewalt des Suarbhanu befreit ({394,8}); als Plural die Nachkommen Atri's.

-e [V.] 2) {394,7}.

-is 2) {139,9}; {183,5}; {361,10}; {394,6. 8}; {427,6. 7}; {428,1}; {432,4}; {662,5}.

-im 1) {199,5} (agním). 2) {116,8}; {117,3}; {369,5}; {491,10}; {587,5}; {625,25}; {906,3}; {969,1. 2}; {976,5}.

-aye 2) {51,3}; {112,7. 16}; {118,7}; {119,6}; {180,4}; {584,5}; {682,3. 7. 8}; {865,9}; {969,3}.

-es 2) {356,6}; {655,19}; {656,7}; {657,7}.

-ayas 2) {376,4}; {393,5}; {394,9}.

-ibhyas {421,5}.

-īnām {656,6}; {658,8}.

átri (etym. atri)

— 1) Adj. Alles verzehrend.

— 2) m.

— a) N.pr. eines alten Ṛṣi 11,22. Aus seinen Augen entspringt der Mond Spr. 7620. 7828. Pl. Atri's Nachkommen.

— b) der Stern δ im grossen Bären 218,22.

— 3) f. atrī angeblich Atri's Gattin Anasūyā MBH. 13,17,38.

átri verzehrend; m. N. eines Weisen, Pl. seiner Nachkommen (°vat wie ein A); eines Sterns im grossen Bären.

atri m. hostis, inimicus, adversarius.

atri(ttri) pu0 ada—trin “marīciratryaṅgirasau pulastyaḥ
pulahaḥ kratuḥ . brahmaṇomānasāḥ putrā vaśiṣṭhaśceti sapta te
ityukte saptarṣimadhye munibhede . “agniratriṃ gharma uruṣṭhadanta
iti śrutiḥ” . atra pakṣe vā talope atrirityapi .
tribhinne tri0 bahuvacanāntaḥ . asya uttaradiśi
tārārūpeṇāpi sthitiḥ bṛhatsaṃhitāyāmuktā yathā
“ekāvalīva rājati sasitotpalamālinī sahāseva .
nāthavatīva ca divyaiḥ kauverī saptabhirmunibhiḥ .. dhruva-
nāyakopadeśānnarīnarttīvottarā bhramadbhiśca . yaiścāramahaṃ
teṣāṃ kathayiṣye vṛddhagargamatāt .. āsanmaghāsu munayaḥ śāsati
pṛthvīṃ yudhiṣṭhire nṛpatau . ṣaḍdvikapañcadviyutaḥ śakakāla-
stasya rājñaśca .. ekaikasminnṛkṣe śataṃ śataṃ te caranti varṣā-
ṇām . prāguttarataścaite sadodayante sasādhvīkāḥ .. pūrve
bhāge bhagavān marīcirapare sthito vaśiṣṭho'smāt . tasyā-
ṅgirāstato'tristasyāsannaḥ pulastyaśca .. pulahaḥ kraturiti
bhagavānāsannānukrameṇa pūrvvādyāḥ . tatra vaśiṣṭhaṃ munivara-
mupāśritārundhatī sādhvī .. ulkāśanidhūmādyairhatā
vivarṇā viraśmayo hrasvāḥ . hanyuḥ svaṃ svaṃ vargaṃ vipulāḥ
snigdhāśca tadvṛddhyai” iti .. atrervargāśca tatraivoktā yathā
“atreḥ kāntārabhavā” iti . adhikaṃ saptarṣi śabdedṛśyam .
ada—trini . atrītyapyatra uṇādi0 .

Atri¹, a ṛṣi. § 30b (Samudra): I, 21, 1217 (brahmarṣiṇā).

—§ 86 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 65, 2518 (one of the six maharṣis,

Brahmán's spiritual sons).—§ 109 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 66, 2568

(among the sons of Brahmán, maharṣayaḥ).—§ 111 (do.):

I, 66, 2570 (has many sons, all of them siddhāḥ, mahar-

ṣayaḥ).—§ 130 (do.): I, 67, 2721 (his—i.e. Vivasvat's,

Nīl.—son is born in the world as Vidura; cf. I, 4807).—

§ 191 (Arjuna): I, 123α, 4807 (yaś codito bhāskare 'bhūt

pranaṣṭe).—§ 228 (Aurvop.): I, 181, 6872 (rescues the Rā.

from the sacrifice of Parāśara).—§ 270 (Brahmasabhāv.):

II, 11, 436 (among the Prajānāṃ patayaḥ, etc., who surround

Brahmán in his palace).—§ 347 (Nalop.): III, 64, 2462

(Vaśiṣṭha-Bhṛgv-Atri-samaiḥ…tāpasaiḥ).—§ 455

(Brāhmaṇamāh.): III, 185: His discourse with Gautama

as to who is to be styled the foremost of sovereigns; he gets

large gifts from king Vainya: (12684), 12691, 12709, 12713.

—§ 494 (Āṅgirasa): III, 222, 14235.—§ 599e (Śini):

VII, 144, 6028 (Atreḥ putro 'bhavat Somaḥ, etc.).—§ 602

(Droṇavadhap.): VII, 190ν, 8727.—§ 615 (Baladeva-

tīrthay.): IX, 43, †2447 (had been the hotṛ at Soma's

Rājasūya sacrifice).—§ 615u (Skanda): IX, 45γ, 2512.—

§ 656 (Khaḍgotp.): XII, 166α, 6135 (among the sons of

Brahmán); β, 6142 (among those who accepted the eternal

religion laid down in the Vedas).—§ 664 (Mokṣadh.): XII,

207δ, 7534 (among the spiritual sons of Brahmán).—§ 665

(do.): XII, 208α, 7570 (among the seven sons of Brahmán),

7572 (°-vaṃśe), 7597 (Atreḥ putraḥ…Sārasvataḥ,

among the ṛṣis in the West).—§ 667 (do.): XII, 214, 7786

(maharṣir bhagavān Atrir veda tac-chukra-sambhavaṃ).—§ 702

(Mokṣadh.): XII, 293α, 10762.—§ 717b (Nārāyaṇīya):

XII, 335α, 12685 (among the twenty-one Prajāpatis).—

§ 717c (Uparicara): XII, 336β, 12724 (among the seven

Ṛṣis, the Citraśikhaṇḍins).—§ 717b (Nārāyaṇīya): XII,

341ν, 13040 (among the eight Prakṛtis upon whom all the

worlds depend); ξ, 13075 (among the seven Mānasāḥ).—

§ 730 (Ānuśāsan.): XIII, 14, 684: The wife of Atri

abandoned her husband and sought the protection of Mahā-

deva, who granted her that she should obtain a son without

Atri, 686; ββ, 990.—§ 734 (do.): XIII, 26α, 1761.—

§ 746 (do.): XIII, 65γ, 3289 (Pitāmahasutaḥ); 66ζ, 3332.

—§ 747 (Suvarṇotp.): XIII, 85ζ, 4125.—§ 749 (Ānuśāsan.):

XIII, 91, 4329 (Svāyambhuvaḥ), 4343—4, 4371.—§ 750b

(Bisast.): XIII, 93α, γ, δ, ε, 4416, 4436, 4458 (°pramukhāḥ

maharṣayaḥ), (4462), 4481, (4482), (4514).—§ 770

(Ānuśāsan.): XIII, 151θ, ι, ν, 7115 (°eḥ putraḥ Sārasvataḥ,

one of the seven Varuṇasya ṛtvijaḥ, in the West), 7116 (the

first of the seven Dhaneśvarasya guravaḥ, in the North), 7157

(Bhṛgv-Aṅgiro-ādibhiḥ).—§ 772j (Utathya): XIII, 155,

7243 (gave Bhadrā to Utathya).—§ 772m (Pavanārjunas.):

Vāyu said: Once the gods and Dā. were fighting each other

in the dark. Rāhu pierced both Sūrya (the Sun) and Soma

(the Moon) with his arrows. The gods repaired to the

brahman Ṛ. Atri, who becoming the Moon and Sun dispelled

the darkness and burnt the As., who were now slain by the

gods. “Name thou a kṣattriya superior to Atri”: XIII,

157, 7291, 7294, 7298, 7299, 7301—4.—§ 775 (Ānuśāsan.);

XIII, 166ε, ζ, 7669 (°eḥ putraḥ Sārasvataḥ, among the

Ṛṣis in the West), 7670 (among the Ṛṣis in the North).—

§ 782 (Guruśiṣyas.): XIV, 35δ, 961.

Atri². § 98 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 65, 2545 (among the four sons

of Śukra who were Asurayājakāḥ).

Atri³ = Śiva (1000 names²)

Atri. — Neither Atri himself nor the Atris can claim any

historical reality,¹ beyond the fact that Maṇḍala V. of the Rigveda

is attributed, no doubt correctly, to the family of the Atris.²

The Atris as a family probably stood in close relations with the

Priyamedhas³ and Kaṇvas,⁴ perhaps also with the Gotamas⁵

and Kākṣīvatas.⁶ The mention of both the Paruṣṇī and the

Yamunā in one hymn⁷ of the fifth Maṇḍala seems to justify the

presumption that the family was spread over a wide extent of

territory. [Footnote] 1) For Atri in the Rigveda, see Mac-

donell, Vedic Mythology, 145. Cf. also

Av. ii. 32, 3; iv. 29, 3; Mantra Brāh-

maṇa, ii. 7, 1; Taittirīya Āraṇyaka,

iv. 36, etc.; Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad,

ii. 2, 4. [Footnote] 2) Cf. Rv. v. 39, 5; 67, 5; Kauṣītaki

Brāhmaṇa, xxiv. 3; Aitareya Āraṇyaka,

ii, 2, 1. [Footnote] 3) Cf. Rv. i. 45, 3; 139, 9; viii. 5,

25; Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, viii. 22. [Footnote] 4) Cf. Rv. i. 118, 7; v. 41, 4;

x. 150, 5. [Footnote] 5) Cf. Rv. i. 183, 5. [Footnote] 6) Cf. Rv. x. 143, 1. [Footnote] 7) Rv. v. 52, 9, 17. Cf. Ludwig,

Translation of the Rigveda, 3, 128,

142; Bergaigne, Religion Védique, 2,

469; Oldenber, Zeitschrift der Deutschen

Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 42, 212-

215; Hillebrandt, Vedische Mythologie,

3, 310.

Atri (I) — a son of Brahmā, born of his eyes.¹ Father

of Soma, born of his eyes.² Married Anasūyā, a daughter

of Kardama (Dakṣa-Vā.). Their son was Dattātreya (s.v.).

Taught Ānvīkṣikī to Alarka, Praḥlāda and others.³ Paid a

visit to Bhīṣma who was in his death-bed.⁴ Came to see

Parīkṣit practising prāyopaveśa.⁵ A sage.⁶ Was engaged

with his wife in meditation at Mount Ṛkṣa by prāṇāyāma for

the birth of a son. His praise of Trimūrtis who appeared

before him, and blessed him with three glorious sons, being

their own amśas. Accordingly Datta (Viṣṇu), Durvāsas

(Śiva), and Soma (Brahmā) were born.⁷ Pointed out to

Pṛthu's son, Indra running away with the consecrated horse

twice and urged him to slay him.⁸ Had not yet seen

the Supreme Being.⁹ A sage of the Vaivasvata epoch.¹⁰

Went with Kṛṣṇa to Mithilā.¹¹ The sage who presides

over the month of Śukra¹² and Śuci.¹³ A mantrakāra:

took Uttānapāda as his son.¹⁴ Had a daughter, a Brahma-

vādinī. Visited Paraśurāma engaged in austerities.¹⁵ Wor-

shipped Pitṛs by śrāddha and relieved Soma of the disease

Rājayakṣma.¹⁶ Appointed by Brahmā for creation of the

world he performed the tapas called anuttama when Śiva

saw him: acted as hotā for Soma's Rājasūya:^16(a Hermitage

in the Himalayas, visited by Purūravas:¹⁷ Praised Śiva out

to destroy Tripuram.¹⁸ [Footnote] 1) Bhā. III. 12. 22 & 24; M. 3. 6; 9. 27. [Footnote] 2) Bhā. IX. 14. 2-3;

Br. III. 65. 1 & 47; Vā. 1. 138; 3. 3; 30. 48. [Footnote] 3) Bhā. I. 3. 11; III. 24.

22. Br. II. 9. 56. [Footnote] 4) Bhā. I. 9. 7. [Footnote] 5) Bhā. I. 19. 9. [Footnote] 6) Ib. II. 7. 4.

Vā. 90. 1-8. [Footnote] 7) Bhā. IV. 1. 15-33; Vi. IV. 6. 5-6. [Footnote] 8) Bhā.

IV. 19. 12-15 and 21. [Footnote] 9) Ib. IV. 29. 43. [Footnote] 10) Ib. VIII. 13. 5;

Br. II. 38. 25. [Footnote] 11) Bhā. X. 86. 18. [Footnote] 12) Ib. XII. 11. 35. [Footnote] 13) Br.

II. 23. 5. Vā. 52. 6. Vi. II. 10. 7; III. 1. 32. [Footnote] 14) Br. II. 27. 104;

32. 96 & 113. [Footnote] 15) Br. III. 23. 4. [Footnote] 16) Br. III. 10. 111; Vā. 73. 63; [Footnote] 16(a) M. 23. 2-20. [Footnote] 17) M. 102. 19; 118. 62 & 77; 120. 45; 126. 7. [Footnote] 18) M. 133. 67.

Atri (II) — one of the sages who left for Piṇḍāraka.

Bhā. XI. 1. 12.

Atri (III) — the third Prajāpati Of Svāyambhuva epoch,

created by Brahmā from ahaṃ tṛtīya.

Br. I. 1. 117; 5. 70; II. 9. 18, 23; Vā. 31. 16; 34. 62; 65. 45;

Vi. V. 1. 17.

Atri (IV) (c) — a northern kingdom.

Br. II. 16. 50.

Atri (V) — born in Vāruṇī yajña from Agni's flames;¹

Had ten beautiful and chaste wives, all daughters of Bha-

drāśva and Ghṛtācī. His ten sons were all known as Ātre-

yas,² also Svastyātreyas; a mahaṛṣi and a mantrakṛt. Tra

yārṣeya with Vasiṣṭha and Jātūkarṇa: a contemporary of

Vṛddha Garga.³ One of the 18 writers on architecture.

Has a place in the Viśvacakra.⁴ [Footnote] 1) Br. III. 1. 21 & 44; 8. 73; M. 171. 27; 192. 10; 195. 9;

Vā. 62. 17; 64. 27; Vi. I. 7. 5, 7. [Footnote] 2) Vā. 70. 67-76. [Footnote] 3) M. 145.

90, 107-9; 197. 1 & 4; 200. 19; 229. 2 & 3; Vā. 59. 104. [Footnote] 4) M. 252.

2; 285-6.

Atri (VI) — the avatār of the Lord in the 12th dvāpara

in the Haimaka forest with sons with bath and ashes.

Vā. 23. 155.

Atri (VII) — a son of Gautama, an avatār of the Lord.

Vā. 23. 164.

Atri , see Ati.

Atri (IE 7-1-2), ‘seven’.

ATRI I .

1) The son of Brahmā. Atri Maharṣi was one of the

mānasaputras of Brahmā. The mānasaputras were:

Marīci, Aṅgiras, Atri, Pulastya, Pulaha, and Kratu

(M.B., Ādi Parva, Chapter 65, Verse 10).

2) One of the Saptarṣis. Brahma's sons, Marīci, Aṅgiras,

Atri, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu and Vasiṣṭha are known

as the Saptarṣis (seven sages). (M.B., Śānti Parva,

Chapter 208).

3) Creator of the pracetases. The sage Prācīnabarhis was

born in the family of Atri Maharṣi. Ten Pracetases

(Prajāpatis) were born as the sons of this Muni. (M.B.,

Śakti Parva, Chapter 208).

4) Citra Śikhaṇḍī. Among the seven Munis known as

Citra Śikhaṇḍīs, we see Atri Maharṣi as one of the

Aṣṭaprakṛtis which form the basis of the Universe.

5) Important events. (1) How Mahāviṣṇu became Atri's son.

Kaśyapa had a son named Kaśipu. He was a very mighty

ruler and carried on his reign in an ungodly manner.

In a terrible battle which took place at that time between

the Devas and Asuras Kaśipu was killed. Prahlāda be-

came the Asura King. Then there was a battle between

Indra and Prahlāda. After six years' war, Prahlāda with-

drew, defeated. Later Mahābali, the son of Virocana

(grandson of Prahlāda) became emperor of Asuras. War

broke out again between Mahābali and Indra. In this

war, Mahāviṣṇu helped Indra. The Asuras were utterly

defeated. They sought refuge with Śukra, the Asura guru.

Śukra promised to help them. He set out to the Himā-

layas to receive a powerful mantra from Śiva. The

Asuras kept waiting for Śukra's return.

At this stage, Mahāviṣṇu who was the protector of Indra,

came to Śukra's āśrama and killed Śukra's mother,

Kāvyamātā. Seeing this impudence of Mahāviṣṇu, Bhṛgu

Maharṣi was enraged and cursed him that he should be

born many times in human wombs. It is on account of

this that Mahāviṣṇu had to take many avatāras (incar-

nations). It was in this way that Mahāviṣṇu incarnated

as Dattātreya, the son of Atri. (Devī Bhāgavata, 4th

Skandha).

(2) Atri and Parāśara. It was a time when Vasiṣṭha and

Viśvāmitra were in a state of mutual ill-will. Once King

Kalmāṣapāda was going about in the forest on a hunting

expedition. He met Śakti, the eldest son of Vasiṣṭha in

the forest. The King did not respect him properly. Śakti

transformed Kalmāṣapāda into a Rākṣasa by his curse.

The Rākṣasa who was also a cannibal, first swallowed

Śakti himself. Viśvāmitra offered whatever help he

could, to destroy Vasiṣṭha's family. Kalmāṣapāda ate

successively all the 100 sons of Vasiṣṭha. Vasiṣṭha, in great

sorrow and Sakti's wife, Adṛśyantī lived in an āśrama.

Adṛśyantī was pregnant at the time of Śakti's death.

In due course she gave birth to a boy who was called

Parāśara and who later on became the father of Vyāsa.

when Parāśara grew up, he came to know that his father

Śakti was eaten by the Rākṣasa. Enraged at this, he

started a yajña to annihilate the whole race of Rākṣasas.

As the yajña gained intensity and force Atri Muni arrived

there with certain other Maharṣis and dissuaded Parā-

śara from the yajña. (M.B., Ādi Parva, Chapter 181).

(3) Atri's dispute with Vainya. Atri Maharṣi and his

wife once got ready to go for Vanavāsa. At that time the

poor Maharṣi's wife was in great distress because they

had no money to be distributed to their disciples and

children. She requested her husband to go to King

Vainya and to beg for some money. Accordingly the

Maharṣi visited King Vainya at his yāgaśālā (The shed

where a yāga is held). He began to flatter Vainya by say-

ing that he was the first among kings and so on. Vainya

did not like it. He began to dispute with Atri. Vainya

remarked that Indra was the first King. To settle the

dispute they went together to Sanatkumāra Muni.

Sanatkumāra sent them away reconciled. After that

Vainya gave Atri much wealth. After distributing all this

wealth among their sons and disciples Atri and his wife

set out to the forest to perform penance.

(4) How Atri became Sun and Moon. Once there was

a fierce battle between Devas and Asuras. Owing to the

shower of arrows from the Asuras, the Sun and Moon

became dim. Darkness spread everywhere. The Devas

began to grope in the dark. They requested Atri Maha-

rṣi to find a remedy for this. Moved by their distress,

Atri suddenly transformed himself into the Sun and

Moon. The Moon gave light to the Devas. The Sun

burnt up the Asuras by his intense heat. Thus the

Devas were saved. This story was told by Vāyu Bhaga-

vana, to Arjuna. (M.B., Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 156).

(5) Atri and King Vṛṣādarbhi. In the Mahābhārata we

find a story about a difference of opinion between

King Vṛṣādarbhi and some Maharṣis. This story was

told by Bhīṣma to Yudhiṣṭhira about the kind of per-

sons from whom Brahmins may accept gifts. Once the

Munis, Kaśyapa, Atri, Vasiṣṭha, Bharadvāja, Gautama,

Viśvāmitra, Jamadagni, and Paśusakhā, with Arun-

dhatī and Gaṇḍā, who were the wives of two Munis,

travelled round the world. Their object was to go to

Brahmaloka. At that time there was drought in the

world. King Vṛṣādarbhi, the son of Śibi, suggested that

the above-mentioned Munis should be called and given

wealth. They refused to accept it. Vṛṣādarbhi became

angry. He performed Homa in Āhavanīyāgni and from

the agnikuṇḍa, the Rākṣasī Yātudhānī (Kṛtyā) arose.

Vṛṣādarbhi sent Yātudhānī to destroy Atri and all

other Munis. As Yātudhānī was guarding a lotus pond

in the forest, the munis led by Atri happened to come

that way. The Maharṣis were able to recognize

Yātudhānī. They beat her with their tridaṇḍu (Trident

or a kind of magic wand) and reduced her to ashes.

After satisfying their hunger by eating the lotus flowers

the Maharṣis went to Brahmaloka. (M.B., Anuśāsana

Parva, Chapter 93).

(6) Atri and Śrāddha. There is a passage in the Mahā-

bhārata in which Atri gives advice to the emperor Nimi

who belonged to Atri's family. The story of how Śrāddha

originated in the world which Bhīṣma had told Dharma-

putra was retold by Atri. A son named Dattātreya

was born to Atri, the son of Brahmā. Dattātreya be-

came King. Nimi was his son. Nimi's son died after

one thousand years. Nimi who was in deep grief at the

death of his son, ordained a Śrāddha in memory of his

son. On that occasion Atri Maharṣi came there and

explained to Nimi the importance of Śrāddha. (M.B.,

Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 91, Verses 20-44)

(7) How Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśvara (Śiva) were born

as sons of Atri. There is no other woman in the Purāṇas

who surpasses Śīlāvatī in her fidelity to her husband. In

order to enable Ugraśravas, her husband, to satisfy his

passion, she once carried him on her own shoulders to

a prostitute's house. On the way, Māṇḍavya Muni

pronounced a curse that Ugraśravas should die before

sunrise. The grief-stricken Śīlāvatī pronounced a

counter-curse that the sun should not rise on the next

day. As the sun failed to rise, the Trimūrtis (Brahmā,

Viṣṇu and Śiva), accompanied by Anasūyā, Atri's wife,

went to Śīlāvatī. Anasūyā persuaded Śīlāvatī to with-

draw her curse. The Trimūrtis who were happy at the

success of their mission (of bringing about the Sunrise)

asked Anasūyā to demand any boon she wanted. Ana-

sūyā expressed her wish that the Trimūrtis (Brahmā,

Viṣṇu and Śiva) should be born as her sons and they

agreed.

Mahāviṣṇu, under the name of Dattātreya, was born

as the son of Anasūyā. Śiva was born to her under the

name of Durvāsas. There is a story about it in the Brah-

māṇḍa Purāṇa. Once Śiva got angry with the Devas.

They began to flee for life. But Brahmā alone did not

run away. Śiva who became more furious at this,

pinched off one of the heads of Brahmā. Still he was

not pacified. Pārvatī who was alarmed, approached Śiva

and begged him to suppress his anger. At her request,

Śiva's fury was transferred and deposited in Anasūyā,

Atri's wife. Durvāsas is the embodiment of that element

of Śiva's fury.

According to the promise, Brahmā also took his birth

as the moon from Anasūyā, the wife of Atri. (For that

story, see PURŪRAVAS). There is a story about that

also in the Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa. Once when Brahmā

was performing the task of creation, he experienced

carnal passion. Sarasvatī was the offspring of that

passion. When Brahmā saw her, he fell in love with her

also. This made him feel angry towards Kāmadeva. He

pronounced a curse that Kāmadeva should be burnt up

in the fire from Śiva's eye. (This is why Kāmadeva was

later burnt to death by Śiva). Although Kāma had

retreated from Brahmā his passion had not been sup-

pressed. Brahmā transferred his passion to Atri Maharṣi.

The Maharṣi gave it to Anasūyā, his wife. Since she

was unable to bear such a violent passion, she gave it

back to her husband. That passion emerged from Atri's

eye in the form of the Moon. This is why lovers experi-

ence strong passion for each other at the time of the

rising of the moon. (Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa, Chapters

39-43).

(8) Atri and Gaṅgā Devī. Once, while Atri Maharṣi

was performing penance in Kāmada forest, there was

a terrible drought in the country. At that time, his wife

Anasūyā made a Śivaliṅga of sand and offered worship

to it. Then Atri asked her to give him a little water.

There was no water anywhere. Suddenly Gaṅgā Devī

appeared there and said to Anasūyā: “There will be

a hole here. Water will come out of it in a torrent.”

Pure water began to flow from the place pointed out

by Gaṅgā Devī. Anasūyā begged Gaṅgā Devī to stay

there for a month. Gaṅgā Devī agreed to do so on con-

dition that Anasūyā would transfer her Tapaśśakti to

her for one month.

Atri was pleased by drinking the water. He asked Ana-

sūyā where she got such nice fresh water. She explain-

ed to him all matters. Atri expressed his desire to see

Gaṅgā Devī. She appeared before him at once. Ana-

sūyā prayed to her that Gaṅgā should continue to exist

in the world always. Gaṅgā Devī answered that she

would do so if Anasūyā was prepared to give her the

fruit of one year's Tapaśśakti and of devoted service to

her husband. Anasūyā agreed to that condition. Sud-

denly Śiva appeared there in the shape of a Liṅga. At

the request of Atri and Anasūyā Śiva took his seat

there permanently assuming the name of “Atrīśvara”.

(Śiva Purāṇa).

(9) Other Details. 1. Besides Dattātreya, Durvāsas

and Candra. Atri had another son, Prācīnabarhis.

(M.B., Śānti Parva, Chapter 208, Verse 6).

2. Many Pāvakas had been born in Atri Vaṃśa. (M.B.,

Vana Parva, Chapter 222, Verses 27-29).

3. When the Kaurava-Pāṇḍava war was raging with

great fury, many Maharṣis went to Droṇa and advised

him to stop the battle. Atri Maharṣi was one of them.

(M.B., Droṇa Parva, Chapter 190, Verse 35).

4. On another occasion, a King named Soma performed

a Rājasūya (Royal sacrifice). Atri Maharṣi was the

chief priest at this yāga. (M.B., Śalya Parva, Chapter

43, Verse 47).

5. Atri was also among the Maharṣis who had gone to

witness Paraśurāma's tapas. (Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa, Chap-

ter 64).

6. Ṛgveda, 5th Maṇḍala was composed by Atri. (Ṛgveda

Saṃhitā, Preface).

7. Once the Asuras put Atri Maharṣi into the Śata-

dvāra yantra (a machine of torture with a hundred

holes). Ṛgveda, 1st Maṇḍala, 16th Anuvāka, Sūkta

51).

8. Once the Asuras tried to burn Atri alive. (Ṛgveda,

1st Maṇḍala, 16th Anuvāka, Sūkta 112).

9. The Asuras at another time made Atri lie down

in a machine with a large number of holes and tried

to burn him alive in it. At that time he prayed to the

Aśvins and they liberated him. (Ṛgveda, 1st Maṇḍala,

17th Anuvāka, Sūkta 116).

10. Atri was among the Maharṣis who visited Śrī

Rāma, on his return to Ayodhyā after the war with

Rāvaṇa. (Uttara Rāmāyaṇa).

11. From the navel lotus of Viṣṇu Brahmā was born,

Atri from Brahmā, Soma from Atri, and Purūravas from

Soma were born. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 12).

12. Atri begot by Anasūyā, Soma, Durvāsas and Dattā-

treya yogī. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 20).

ATRI II . In the Purāṇas another Atri, the son of Śukrā-

cārya, is also seen (M.B., Ādi Parva, Chapter 65,

Verse 27).

ATRI III . The term Atri has been used as an epithet

of Śiva. (M.B., Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 17, Verse

38).