ati

ati ind. Over, beyond, exceeding, much, very much, &c. it implies general excess, or preeminence.

E. apta to go, and in aff.

ati adv. conj. Over, very much.

ati ind. (see nipāta, upasarga, gati, karmapravacanīya) ¹ Over,

beyond. ² Exceedingly, very much. This word is used

either as a separable preposition with a word following

in the accusative, or as an inseparable prefix in compo-

sition with verbal and nominal themes. If ati, in com-

position with a nominal theme, constitutes a Tatpur. com-

pound, it must either express a higher degree (f. i. in

atirājan, a superior or excellent king) or the sense of

the word krānta must be supplied after it and the latter

part of the compound understood in the sense of the accu-

sative (f. i. in atikhaṭvaḥ which is explained as meaning

atikrāntaḥ khaṭvām). E. at, kṛt aff. in(?).

ati ati. I. adv. Over, exceedingly

in a high degree, much. Comparat. ati +

tarām, very much, Vedāntas. in Chr. 217

10. II. prepos. with the acc. Over

beyond, more than. III. Combined and

compounded with verbs and their de-

rivatives. IV. Former part of com-

pound nouns and adverbs, implying

1. Exceedingly, much, very: e. g. at-

guru, adj. very heavy; ati-kāya, ad

having a very large body, gigantic

2. Too muc: e. g. ati-praṇaya, n.

exorbitant love, Daśak. in Chr. 18,

10; atyaśnant, i. e. ati- (vb. 2. aś), adj.

eating too much. 3. Surpassing the

object denoted by the following part

the comp. These comps. are generally:

a) adj. e. g. atīndriya, i. e. ati-, sur

passing the senses, transcendental.

adv., e. g. ati-mātra + m. exceeding

extraordinarily. — Cf. Lat. at

atavus, and et.

ati ati, ind. [probably neut. of an obsolete

adj. atin, passing, going, beyond; see rt. at and cf.

Old Germ. anti, unti, inti, unde, indi, &c.; Eng.

and; Germ. und; Gr. ἔτι, ἀντί Lat. ante; Lith.

ant; Arm. ti; Zend aiti]. As a prefix to verbs and

nouns, expresses beyond, over; too far past; as ati-

kramitum, to overstep. —Ati-krama, transgression.

When prefixed to nouns, not derived from verbs,

it expresses beyond, surpassing; as ati-kaśa, past the

whip; ati-mānuṣa, superhuman, &c.; see s. v.

As a separable adverb or preposition (with acc.),

Ved. beyond.

Ati is often prefixed to nouns and adjectives, and

rarely to verbs, in the sense excessive, extraordinary,

intense; excessively, too; exceedingly, very. —Ati-

kaṭhora, as, ā, am, very hard, too hard. —Ati-kathā,

f. an exaggerated tale; (as, ā, am,), exaggerated;

see also s. v. —Ati-karṣaṇa, am, n. excessive

exertion. —Ati-kalyam, ind. very early, too early.

—Ati-kānta, as, ā, am, excessively beloved.

—Ati-kāya, as, ā, am, of extraordinary body

or size, gigantic; (as), m., N. of a Rākṣasa.

—Ati-kutsita, as, ā, am, greatly despised. —Ati-

kulva, as, ā, am, Ved. too bald. —Ati-kṛcchra, as,

m. extraordinary pain or hardship; extraordinary

penance. —Ati-kṛta, as, ā, am, overdone, exagge-

rated. —Ati-kṛśa, as, ā, am, very thin, emaciated.

—Ati-kṛṣṇa, as, ā, am, very or too dark, very or

too deep blue. —Ati-kruddha, as, ā, am, excessively

angry. —Ati-kruṣṭa, am, n. extraordinary cry or

wailing. —Ati-khara, as, ā, am, very pungent or

piercing. —Ati-gaṇḍa, as, ā, am, having large

cheeks or temples; (as), m., N. of the yoga (or

index), star of the 6th lunar mansion. —Ati-gandha,

as, ā, am, having an overpowering smell; (as), m.

sulphur; lemon-grass (Andropogon Schænunthes);

the Champac flower (Michelia Champaca); a kind of

jasmin. —Ati-gandhālu, us, m., N. of a creeper, Pu-

tradātrī. —Ati-garīyas, as, n. (compar. of ati-guru),

a higher price. —Ati-garvita, as, ā, am, very con-

ceited. —Ati-gahana, as, ā, am, very impenetrable.

—Ati-guṇa, as, ā, am, having extraordinary

qualities. —Ati-gupta, as, ā, am, closely concealed,

very mysterious. —Ati-guru, us, us or vī, u, very

heavy —Ati-go, aus, f. an excellent cow. —Ati-

grāhya, as, ā, am, very acceptable; (as), N. of

three successive libations made (or cups filled) at the

Jyotiṣṭoma sacrifice. —Ati-caṇḍa, as, ā, am, very

violent. —Ati-caraṇa, am, n. excessive practice.

—Ati-cāpalya, am, n. extraordinary mobility or

unsteadiness. —Ati-chattra or ati-chattraka, as, m.

(extraordinary parasol), a mushroom; (ā), f. Anise,

principally Anisum or Anethum Sowa; another

plant, Barleria Longifolia. —Ati-jara, as, ā, am, or

(as a supplementary form) ati-jaras, ās, ās, as, very

aged. —Ati-jala, as, ā, am, well watered. —Ati-

java, as, m. extraordinary speed; (as, ā, am), very

fleet. —Ati-jāgara, as, ā, am, very wakeful; (as),

m. the black curlew. —Ati-jīrṇa, as, ā, am, very

aged. —Atijīrṇa-tā, f. extreme old age —Ati-jīva,

as, ā, am, quite alive, very lively. —Ati-ḍīna, am,

n. extraordinary flight (of birds). —Ati-tapasvin, ī,

inī, i, very ascetic —Ati-tīkṣṇa, as, ā, am, very

sharp. —Ati-tīvra, as, ā, am, very sharp, pungent

or acid; (ā), f. dūb grass. —Ati-tṛṇṇas, as, ā, am,

seriously hurt. —Ati-tṛpti, is, f. too great satiety.

—Ati-tṛṣṇā, f. excessive thirst, rapacity; (as, ā,

am), excessively thirsty, rapacious. —Ati-trasnu,

us, us, u, very timid, over timid. —Ati-dagdha,

as, ā, am, badly burnt; (am), n. (in medicine) N.

of a bad kind of burn. —Ati-darpa, as, m. excessive

conceit; N. of a snake; (as, ā, am), excessively con-

ceited. —Ati-darśin, ī, inī, i, very far-sighted. —Ati-

dātṛ, tā, m. a very liberal man. —Ati-dāna, am, n.

munificence. —Ati-dāruṇa, as, ā, am, very terrible.

—Ati-dāha, as, m. great heat; violent inflamma-

tion. —Ati-dīrgha, as, ā, am, very long, too long.

—Ati-duḥkhita or ati-duṣkhita, as, ā, am,

greatly afflicted, very sad. —Ati-duḥsaha, as, ā, am,

very hard to bear, quite unbearable. —Ati-durgata,

as, ā, am, very badly off. —Ati-durdharṣa, as, ā,

am, very hard to approach, very haughty. —Ati-

durlambha, as, ā, am, very hard to attain or obtain.

—Ati-duṣkara, as, ā, am, very difficult. —Ati-

dūra, as, ā, am, very distant; (am), n. a great

distance. —Ati-doṣa, as, m. a great fault. —Ati-

dhavala, as, ā, am, very white. —Ati-dhenu, us,

us, u, distinguished for his cows. —Ati-nidrā, f.

excessive sleep; (as, ā, am), given to (or over-

powered by) excessive sleep; (am), ind. past (or

after) sleeping time. —Ati-nipuṇa, as, ā, am,

very able or skilful. —Ati-nīca, as, ā, am, exces-

sively low. —Ati-pathin, anthās, m. a better road

than common. —Ati-pada, as, ā, am, (in prosody)

too long by one pada or foot. —Ati-parokṣa, as, ā,

am, far out of sight, i. e. no longer discernible.

—Atiparokṣa-vṛtti, is, is, i, (in grammar)

having a nature that is no longer discernible, i. e.

obsolete. —Ati-pātaka, am, n. a very heinous sin,

incest. —Ati-puruṣa or ati-pūruṣa, as, m. a first-

rate man or hero. —Ati-pūta, as, ā, am, quite

purified; refined to excess. —Ati-peśala, as, ā, am,

very dexterous or clever. —Ati-prakāśa, as, ā, am,

Ved. very manifest, notorious. —Ati-prage, ind. very

early. —Ati-praṇaya, as, m. excessive kindness,

partiality. —Ati-praṇudya, ind. having pushed far

forward. —Ati-prabandha, as, m. complete con-

tinuity. —Ati-pravaraṇa, am, n. excess in choosing.

—Ati-pravṛtti, is, f. issuing abundantly or too

freely. —Ati-pravṛddha, as, ā, am, enlarged to

excess, overbearing. —Ati-praśna, as, m. an ex-

travagant question, a question regarding transcendental

objects. —Ati-praśnya, as, ā, am, fit to be asked

such an extravagant question. —Ati-prasakti, is, f.

or ati-prasaṅga, as, m. excessive attachment; un-

warrantable stretch of a rule or principle. —Ati-

prasiddha, as, ā, am, very famous, notorious.

—Ati-prauḍha, as, ā, am, full-grown. —Ati-

prauḍha-yauvana, as, ā, am, being in the

full enjoyment of youth. —Ati-bala, as, ā, am, very

strong or powerful; (as), m. an active soldier; N. of

a king; (ā), f., N. of a medicinal plant (Sidonia

Cordifolia and Rhombifolia, or Annona Squamosa);

N. of a powerful charm; N. of one of Dakṣa's

daughters. —Ati-bālaka, as, m. an infant; (as, ā,

am), childish. —Ati-bāhu, us, m. ‘having extraordi-

nary arms;’ N. of a Ṛṣi of the fourteenth Manvantara.

—Ati-bībhatsa, as, m. excessive aversion. —Ati-

brahmacarya, am, n. excessive abstinence or con-

tinence. —Ati-bhara, usually ati-bhāra, as, m. an

excessive burden; excessive obscurity (of a sentence);

N. of a king. —Atibhāra-ga, as, m. a mule. —Ati-

bhī, īs, m. (very terrific), lightning. —Ati-bhīṣaṇa,

as, ā, am, very terrific or formidable. —Ati-bhṛta,

as, ā, am, well filled. —Ati-bhojana, am, n. eating

too much; morbid voracity. —Ati-bhrū, ūs, ūs, u,

having extraordinary eyebrows. —Ati-maṅgalya, as,

ā, am, very auspicious; (as), m. a fruit, Ægle or

Cratæva Marmelos. —Ati-mati, is, f. haughtiness.

—Ati-madhyandina, am, n. the height of noon.

—Ati-marśa, as, m. close contact. —Ati-māna, as,

m. great haughtiness. —Ati-mānin, ī, inī, i, very

haughty. —Atimāni-tā, f. great haughtiness. —Ati-

māruta, as, ā, am, very windy; (as), m. a hurricane.

—Ati-mukta, as, ā, am, entirely liberated; quite

free from sensual or worldly desire; seedless, barren;

(as), m., N. of a tree, Dalbergia Oujeinensis; of a

creeper, Gærtnera Racemosa. —Ati-muktaka, as, m.

= the preceding; mountain ebony; a tree called

Harimantha. —Ati-mukti, is, f. final liberation (from

death). —Ati-mūrti, is, f. ‘highest shape,’ N. of a

ceremony. —Ati-maithuna, am, n. excess of sexual

intercourse. —Ati-mokṣa, as, m. final liberation

(from death). —Ati-modā, f. extraordinary fragrance;

N. of a tree, Jasminum Arboreum. —Ati-yava, as, m.

a sort of barley. —Ati-yaśa, as, ā, am, or ati-yaśas,

ās, ās, as, very celebrated or illustrious. —Ati-yāja,

as, m. ‘great sacrificer,’ N. of a Ṛṣi. —Ati-yuvan,

vā, vatī, or ūnī, va, very youthful. —Ati-yoga,

as, m. (in medicine) excessive union, excess.

—Ati-raṃhas, ās, ās, as, extremely rapid. —Ati-

rakta, as, ā, am, very red; (ā), f. one of Agni's

seven tongues. —Ati-ratha, as, m. a very great

warrior fighting from a car. —Ati-rabhasa, as, m.

excessive or extraordinary speed. —Ati-rasā, f. (very

succulent); N. of various plants, as Mūrvā, Rāsnā,

Klītanaka. —Ati-rājan, ā, m. an extraordinary or

excellent king; one who surpasses a king [cf. also

s. v.]. —Ati-rucira, as, ā, am, very lovely; (ā),

f., N. of two metres, one a variety of the Ati-

jagatī, the other also called Cuḍikā or Culikā.

—Ati-ruṣ, ṭ, ṭ, ṭ, very angry. —Ati-rūpa, as, ā,

or ī, am, very beautiful; (am), n. extraordinary

beauty. —Ati-roga, as, m. consumption. —Ati-

romaśa, as, ā, am, very hairy, too hairy; (as), m.

a wild goat, or a kind of monkey. —Ati-lakṣmī,

īs, īs, i, very prosperous; (īs), f. extraordinary

prosperity. —Ati-laṅghana, am, n. excessive fasting.

—Ati-lamba, as, ā, am, very extensive. —Ati-

lubdha or ati-lobha, as, ā, am, very greedy or

covetous. —Ati-lulita, as, ā, am, closely attached

or adhering. —Ati-lobha, as, m. or atilobha-tā,

f. excessive greediness or covetousness. —Ati-loma

or ati-lomaśa, as, ā, am, very hairy, too hairy.

—Ati-lomaśā, f. a pot-herb, Convolvulus Argenteus.

—Ati-lohita, as, ā, am, very red. —Ati-laulya, am,

n. excessive eagerness or desire. —Ati-vaktṛ, ā, rī,

ṛ, very loquacious. —Ati-vakra, as, ā, am, very

crooked or curved; (ā), f. one of the eight descrip-

tions of planetary motion. —Ati-vartula, as, ā, am,

very or quite round; (as), m., N. of a grain or

pot-herb. —Ati-vāta, as, m. high wind, a storm.

—Ati-vāda, as, m. extraordinary, i. e. abusive lan-

guage; (reproof); N. of a Vedic verse recited on certain

occasions. —Ati-vādin, ī, inī, i, talkative. —Ati-

vālaka, as, ā, am, childish; (as), m. an infant.

—Ati-vāhana, am, n. excessive toiling. —Ati-

vikaṭa, as, ā, am, very fierce; (as), m. a vicious ele-

phant. —Ati-vipina, as, ā, am, having many forests.

—Ati-vilambin, ī, inī, i, very dilatory. —Ati-

viśrabdha-navoḍhā (°va-ūḍhā°), f. a fond but pert

young wife. —Ati-viṣa, as, ā, am, exceedingly poi-

sonous; counteracting poison; (ā), f. a very poisonous

yet medicinal plant, Aconitum Ferox. —Ati-vṛddhi,

is, f. extraordinary growth or increase. —Ati-vṛṣṭi,

is, f. excessive rain. —Ativṛṣṭi-hata, as, ā, am,

injured by heavy rain. —Ati-vepathu, us, m. exces-

sive tremor; (us, us, u), or ativepathu-mat, ān, atī,

at, trembling excessively. —Ati-vaicakṣaṇya, am,

n. great proficiency. —Ati-vaiśasa, as, ā, am, very

adverse or destructive. —Ati-vyathana, am, n. in-

fliction of (or giving) excessive pain. —Ati-vyathā,

f. excessive pain. —Ati-vyaya, as, m. lavish expen-

diture. —Ati-vyāpta, as, ā, am, stretched too far

(as a rule or principle). —Ati-vyāpti, is, f. unwarrant-

able stretch (of a rule or principle). —Ati-śakta, as,

ā, am, or ati-śakti, is, is, i, very powerful; (is), f.

or atiśakti-tā, f. great power or valour. —Atiśakti-

bhāj, k, k, k, possessing great power. —Ati-śaṅkā, f.

excessive timidity. —Ati-śarvara, am, n., Ved. the

dead of night. —Ati-śasta, as, ā, am, very excellent.

—Ati-śukra, as, ā, am, too bright. —Ati-śukla,

as, ā, am, very white, too white. —Ati-śobhana,

as, ā, am, very handsome, distinguished. —Ati-śrī,

īs, īs, i, very prosperous. —Ati-saṃskṛta, as, ā,

am, highly finished or adorned or educated. —Ati-

sakti, is, f. excessive attachment. —Atisakti-mat,

ān, atī, at, excessively attached. —Ati-sañcaya, as,

m. excessive accumulation, a hoard. —Ati-santapta,

as, ā, am, greatly afflicted. —Ati-sandheya, as, ā,

am, easy to be settled or conciliated. —Ati-samartha,

as, ā, am, very competent. —Ati-samīpa, as, ā, am,

very near. —Ati-samparka, as, m. excessive sexual

intercourse. —Ati-sādhvasa, am, n. excessive fear

or alarm. —Ati-sāntapana, am, n. a species of severe

penance, inflicted especially for eating unclean animal

food. —Ati-sāyam, ind. very late or in the dusk. —Ati-

siddhi, is, f. great perfection or proficiency. —Ati-

sujana, as, ā, am, very moral, very friendly, very

respectable. —Ati-sundara, as, ā or ī, am, very hand-

some, very beautiful; (as, ā), m. f. a metre belonging

to the class Aṣṭi, also called Citra or Cañcalā.

—Ati-sulabha, as, ā, am, very easily obtainable.

—Ati-suhita, as, ā, am, excessively kind, over-

kind. —Ati-sṛṣṭi, is, f. an extraordinary or excel-

lent creation. —Ati-sevā, f. excessive indulgence (of a

habit). —Ati-saurabha, as, ā, am, very fragrant;

(am), n. extraordinary fragrance. —Ati-sauhitya, am,

n. excessive fondness, or the effect of it, e. g. being

spoiled, stuffed with food, &c. —Ati-stuti, is, f. extra-

ordinary praise. —Ati-sthira, as, ā, am, very stable

or durable. —Ati-sthūla, as, ā, am, excessively thick,

or stout, or big, or clumsy; excessively stupid. —Ati-

snigdha, as, ā, am, very smooth, very nice, very

affectionate. —Ati-sparśa, as, m. too marked contact

(of the tongue and palate) in pronunciation. —Ati-

sphira, as, ā, am, very tremulous. —Ati-svapna,

as, m. excessive sleep; (am), n. excessive tendency

to dreaming. —Ati-svastha, as, ā, am, enjoying ex-

cellent health. —Ati-hasita, am, n. or ati-hāsa, as,

m. excessive laughter. —Ati-hrasva, as, ā, am, ex-

cessively short. —Aty-agni, is, m. morbidly rapid di-

gestion. —Aty-adbhuta, as, ā, am, very wonderful.

—Aty-adhvan, ā, m. a long way or journey, exces-

sive travelling. —Aty-amarṣin, ī, iṇī, i, quite out

of temper. —Aty-amla, as, ā, am, very acid; (as),

m. a tree, Spondias Mangifera; (ā), f. a tree, a species

of citron. —Atyamla-parṇī, f. having very acid leaves,

N. of a medicinal plant or creeper. —Aty-alpa, as, ā,

am, very little. —Aty-aśana, am, n. immoderate

eating. —Aty-aśnat, an, atī, at, eating too much.

—Aty-asama, as, ā, am, very uneven, very rough.

—Aty-ādara, as, m. excessive deference. —Aty-

ādāna, am, n. taking away too much. —Aty-āpti, is, f.

complete attainment. —Aty-ārūḍhi, is, f. mounting too

high. —Aty-āśā, f. extravagant hope. —Aty-āhāra,

as, m. excess in eating. —Aty-āhārin, ī, iṇī, i, eating

immoderately, gluttonous. —Aty-āhita, am, n. great

calamity; great danger; facing great danger; a daring

action. —Aty-ukti, is, f. excessive talking; exaggera-

tion; hyperbole. —Aty-ugra, as, ā, am, very fierce;

very pungent; (am), n. Asa Fœtida. —Aty-uccais,

ind. very loudly. —Atyuccair-dhvani, is, m. a very

loud sound; a very high note. —Aty-utkaṭa, as, ā,

am, very imposing, immense, extraordinary. —Aty-

utsāha, as, m. (in medicine) excessive vigour or

activity. —Aty-udāra, as, ā, am, very liberal. —Aty-

ulbaṇa or aty-ulvaṇa, as, ā, am, very conspicuous,

immense, excessive. —Aty-uṣṇa, as, ā, am, very hot.

áti, adv. across, beyond, past, over, as vbl prefix; in cpds, to excess, excessive, see 1289b; as prep. beyond, over. [cf. ἔτι, ‘further, besides’; Lat. et, ‘besides, and.’]

ati ind. [at-i]

1 A prefix used with adjectives and adverbs, meaning ‘very’, ‘too’, ‘exceedingly’, ‘excessively’, ‘very much,’ and showing utkarṣa; nātidūre not very far from; °kṛśa very lean; °bhṛśaṃ very much; also with verbs or verbal forms; °siktameva bhavatā Sk.; svabhāvo hyatiricyate &c.

2 (With verbs) Over, beyond; ati-i go beyond, overstep; so °kram, °car, °vah &c. In this case ati is regarded as a preposition upasarga.

3 (a) (With nouns or pronouns) Beyond, past, surpassing, superior to, eminent, respectable, distinguished, higher, above, (used with acc. as a karmapravacanīya, or as first member of Bah. or Tat. Comp.; in which last case it has usually the sense of eminence or higher degree: atigo, °gārgyaḥ, = praśastā gauḥ, śobhano, gārgyaḥ; °rājan an excellent king; or the sense of atikrāṃta must be understood with the latter member which will then stand in the accusative case; atimartyaḥ = martyamatikrāṃtaḥ; °mālaḥ, atikrāṃto mālāṃ; so atikāya, °keśara, q. v.); ati devān kṛṣṇaḥ Sk.; mānuṣānatigaṃdharvān sarvāngaṃdharva lakṣaye Mb; °mānuṣaṃ karma a deed (pb) which is beyond human power, i. e. a superhuman action; °kaśaḥ past the whip (as a horse), unmanageable; °tyad surpassing that; °tvāṃ, °tvān him or them that surpasses or surpass thee, so °māṃ, °yūyaṃ &c. (b) (With nouns derived from roots) Extravagant, exaggerated, inordinate, excessive, extraordinary; e. g. °ādaraḥ excessive regard; °āśā extravagant hope; so °bhayaṃ, °tṛṣṇā, °ānaṃdaḥ &c. &c.; atidānāt balirbaddho naṣṭo mānātsuyodhanaḥ . vinaṣṭo rāvaṇo laulyādati sarvatra varjayet; cf. ‘extremes are ever bad.’ (c) Unfit, idle, improper, in the sense of asaṃprati or kṣepa ‘censure’; atinidraṃ = nidrā saṃprati na yujyate Sk. The gaṇaratnamahodadhi gives the following senses of atiḥ - vikramātikramābuddhibhṛśārthātiśayeṣvati . e. g. atirathaḥ rathādhikaṃ vikramavān; °matiḥ buddhyatikramaḥ; °gahanaṃ buddheraviṣayaḥ; °taptaṃ bhṛśataptaṃ; °vegaḥ atiśayito vegaḥ.

áti adv. (mostly °—) across, beyond, past, over, excessively, quite, most; as prep. beyond, over (w. acc., r. gen.).

ati áti, ad. over, beyond (vbl. px.); exceedingly,
very too, transcending (°-); prp.
with ac. over, beyond, more than.

áti ind. [probably neut. of an obsolete adj. atin, passing, going, beyond; See √ at, and cf. Old Germ. anti, unti, inti, unde, indi, &c.; Eng. and; Germ. und; Gk. ἔτι, ἀντί, Lat. ante; Lith. ant; Arm. ti; Zd. aitì].

As a prefix to verbs and their derivatives, expresses beyond, over, and, if not standing by itself, leaves the accent on the verb or its derivative; as, ati-kram (√ kram), to overstep, Ved. Inf. ati-kráme, (fit) to be walked on, to be passed, RV. i, 105, 16, ati-krámaṇa n. See s.v. When prefixed to nouns, not derived from verbs, it expresses beyond, surpassing, as, ati-kaśa, past the whip, ati-mānuṣa, superhuman, &c. See s.v.

As a separable adverb or preposition (with acc.), Ved. beyond (with gen.) over, at the top of RV.; AV.

is often prefixed to nouns and adjectives, and rarely to verbs, in the sense excessive, extraordinary, intense;

excessively, too

exceedingly, very

in such compounds the accent is generally on áti.

ati ind. Over, beyond, exceeding, much, very much, &c. it implies
generally excess, or preeminence.

E. ata to go, and in aff.

ati ind. [at-i] 1 A prefix used with adjectives and adverbs, meaning 'very', 'too', 'exceedingly', 'excessively', 'very much', and showing utkarṣa; Surpassing, superior atyāśramānayaṃ sarvānū Mb.12.12.6. nātidūre not very far from; ˚kṛśa very lean; ˚bhṛśam very much; also with verbs or verbal forms; ˚siktameva bhavatā Sk.; svabhāvo hyatiricyate &c. -2 (With verbs) Over, beyond; ati-i go beyond, overstep; so ˚kram ˚car ˚vah &c. In this case ati is regarded as a preposition upasarga. -3 (a) (With nouns or pronouns) Beyond, past, surpassing, superior to, eminent, respectable, distinguished, higher, above, (used with acc. as a karmapravacanīya, or as first member of Bah. or Tat. Comp. jyāśabdastāvubhau śabdāvati rāmasya śuśruve Rām. 6.75.37. in which last case it has usually the sense of eminence or higher degree: atigo, ˚gārgyaḥ, = praśastā gauḥ, śobhano gārgyaḥ; ˚rājan an excellent king; or the sense of atikrānta must be understood with the latter member which will then stand in the accusative case; atimartyaḥ = martyamatikrāntaḥ; ˚mālaḥ, atikrānto mālām; so atikāya, ˚keśara, q. v.):, atyādityaṃ hutavahamukhe saṃbhṛtaṃ taddhi tejaḥ Me 1.45. Surpassing the sun. ati devānū kṛṣṇaḥ Sk.; mānuṣānatigandharvān sarvāngandharva lakṣaye Mb; ˚mānuṣaṃ karma a deed which is beyond human power, i. e. a superhuman action; ˚kaśaḥ past the whip (as a horse), unmanageable; ˚tyad surpassing that; ˚tvām, ˚tvān him or them that surpasses or surpass thee, so ˚māṃ, ˚yūyaṃ &c. (b) (With nouns derived from roots) Extravagant, exaggerated, inordinate, excessive, extraordinary; e. g. ˚ādaraḥ excessive regard; ˚āśā extravagant hope; so ˚bhayaṃ, ˚tṛṣṇā, ˚ānandaḥ &c. &c.; atidānād balirbaddho naṣṭo mānātsuyodhanaḥ | vinaṣṭo rāvaṇo laulyādati sarvatra varjayet || cf. 'extremes are ever bad.' (c) Unfit, idle, improper, in the sense of asaṃprati or kṣepa 'censure'; atinidram = nidrā samprati na yujyate Sk. The gaṇaratnamahodadhi gives the following senses of atiḥ--vikramātikramābuddhibhṛśārthātiśayeṣvati | e. g. atirathaḥ rathādhikaṃ vikramavān; ˚matiḥ buddhyatikramaḥ; ˚gahanaṃ vuddheraviṣayaḥ; ˚taptaṃ bhṛśataptaṃ; ˚vegaḥ atiśayito vegaḥ. Cf. also prakarṣe laṅghane'pyati Nm.

ati ati, pfx. inséparable (sfx. ti). Cette particule signifie excès, augmentation ou proportion très-grande de la chose indiquée par le mot auquel elle est jointe.

ati adv. très, trop; prép. (acc., rar. abl.) au delà de; préf. marquant excès, intensité, fait de passer outre (aussi fig.), etc.

áti (von 2. a b.)

1) adv.

a) vorbei, vorüber, in Verbindung mit Verben der Bewegung: ati - i, ati - kram, ati - vart verfliessen (von der Zeit).

— b) über das Maass und zwar

α) über das gewöhnliche Maass, überaus, sehr, vorzüglich, in hohem Grade: atì yo màndro yàjathā̂ya dèvaḥ sûkī̀rtiṃ bhîkṣè varûṇasyà bhūrêḥ ṚV. 2, 28, 1. dharmastenāti kila duścaraḥ MBH. 1, 4173. rājño nātibabhau rūpaṃ grastasyāṃśumato yathā R. 2, 42, 12. saiva rāmeṇa nagarī rahitā nātiśobhate 47, 17. ati (Sch. = atiśayam) prapede NAIṢ. 1, 41. Ueberaus häufig in Zusammensetzungen mit Verbalnominibus, Adjectiven und Adverbien, ja sogar mit Appellativen: atitvaran sehr eilend R. 4, 15, 18. atigupta wohl verwahrt HIT. Pr. 48, v. l. atikutsita sehr verachtet H. 350. atiparikṣata stark verwundet M. 7, 93. átistutaṃ bhavatā vorzüglich von dir gepriesen P. 6, 2, 144, Sch. 1, 4, 95, Sch. atibhaya grosse Gefahr AK. 2, 8, 2, 68. atiśakti sehr grosse Kraft, atiśrama sehr grosse Müdigkeit ŚĀK. 103. atipīḍana heftiges Drücken VID. 302. atiduṣkara HIT. Pr. 17. atisukha DAŚ. 1, 19. atiniṣkaruṇa ŚĀK.180. atyalpa H. 1428. atiśukla 1309. atilohita 1326. atidhūsara 1327. atirājan ein ausserordentlicher König P. 2, 2, 18, SAUN. Vārtt. 1, Sch. 5, 4, 69, Sch. VOP. 6, 88. atigauḥ P. 5, 4, 69, Sch. atigārgyaḥ = śobhano gārgyaḥ PAT. zu P. 6, 2, 191. Pleonastisch vor einem superlat. oder comparat., so wie vor su, pra und pari, wenn diese als Ausdruck der Intensität erscheinen: atiśreṣṭha VP. in Zeitschr. d. d. m. G. VI, 92. atighanatara PAÑCAT. 148, 5. atisvalpa 118, 23. atipracaṇḍa R. 6, 35, 5. nātipariṣphuṭa ŚĀK. 110. Bildet mit Substantiven possessive Adjectiva: atiruṣ überaus zornig ŚĀK. 119. ativepathu sehr zitternd BRAHMA-P. in LA. 59, 5. atijava von überaus grosser Geschwindigkeit H. 494.

— β) über das gehörige Maass, allzu, allzusehr, über die Grenzen hinaus, allzuviel: anatipraśnyāṃ vai devatāmatipṛcchasi gārgi mātiprākṣīḥ BṚH. ĀR. UP. 3, 6. atyaśnataḥ nimium edentis BHAG. 6, 16. mā mā mānada māti (sc. pīḍaya) māmalam AMAR. 36. = VET. 11, 14. atisiktameva bhavatā P. 1, 4, 95, Sch. atidānādbalirbaddho naṣṭo mānātsuyodhanaḥ . vinaṣṭo rāvaṇo laulyādati sarvatra varjayet ŚĀRṄG. PADDH. Nīti 26. (vgl. CĀṆ. 50. VET. 37, 4. 5.). atikulva, atikṛśa, atikṛṣṇa u.s.w. VS. 30, 22. nātyucchritaṃ nātinīcam nicht zu hoch und nicht zu niedrig BHAG. 6, 11. nātimānitā keine zu hohe Meinung von sich selbst 16, 3. atikalyam zu früh am Tage M. 4, 140. Diese zwei Bedeutungen des adv. ati zerlegen die indischen Lexicogrr. in vier:

α) prakarṣe AK. 3, 4, 32, (COL. 28,) 3. H. an. 7, 20. MED. avy. 20.

— β) nirbhare AK. 3, 5, 2. H. 1535, Sch. = bhṛśe H. an. = nitānta MED. avy.

— γ) pūjane AK. 3, 5, 5. = stutau H. an. = praśaṃsāyām MED. avy.

— δ) kṣepe H. an. MED. avy. Zusammensetzungen mit dem adv. ati verbinden sich häufig mit der selbständigen Negation na (= an): nātimānitā BHAG. 16, 3. — nātitṛpti YĀJÑ. 1, 114. nātidīrgha N. 25, 16. nātidūra R. 3, 1, 29. 17, 16. 5, 86, 12. nātiparisphuṭa ŚĀK. 110. nātibhinna 27, 18. nātiśītoṣṇa RAGH. 4, 8. Dagegen ŚĀK. 112, 9 : ataḥ khalu mamānatikruddho muniḥ in prädicativem Verhältniss.

— 2) praep.

a) über, über -x- weg, über -x- hinaus im Raume, in der Zeit, an Zahl, an Menge, in der Ordnung, an Macht, an Intensität einer Thätigkeit u. s. w., mit dem acc.: vi rā̂jàsyatì sridhâḥ ṚV. 3, 10, 7. 7, 33, 2. 9, 8, 5. 10, 126, 1. u.s.w. (amaṃhata) śàtaṃ mê gardàbhānā̂ṃ śàtamūrṇâvatīnām . śàtaṃ dāsām̐ atì srajâḥ VĀLAKH. 7, 3. rudraṃ hi nāti paśavaḥ ŚAT. BR. 3, 2, 4, 20. 3, 1, 2. ati vai prajātmānamati paśavaḥ AIT. BR. 4, 6. ati mṛtyumeti ŚVETĀŚV. UP. 6, 15. ati candraṃ ca sūryaṃ ca śikhinaṃ ca svayaṃprabhā (pitāmahasabhā) . dīpyate MBH. 2, 434. ati sarvāṇi bhūtāni rāmo babhau 7, 2235. yairanyānbhavitāsmyati 3, 10731. govindamati neśvaraḥ VOP. 5, 7. kasyātî (wider) vràtaṃ câkṛmā̀ ko ni vêda ṚV. 10, 12, 5. na dèvānā̀matî vràtaṃ śàtātmā̂ càna jī̂vati 33, 9. Vgl. die Wurzeln i, kram, gam, pat, vart, śī u. s. w. mit ati . Dies ist das ati laṅghane AK. 3, 4, 32, (COL. 28,) 3. H. an. 7, 20. MED. avy. 20. Ein partic. fut. pass. von einer mit ati zusammengesetzten Wurzel erscheint sogar in prädicativem Verhältniss vorzugsweise mit der präfigirten Negation an und nicht mit der selbständigen: anatikramaṇīyaṃ me suhṛdvākyam ŚĀK. 22, 12. 29, 20. 95, 19. 99, 21. kāmaṃ dharmakāryamanatipātyaṃ devasya 60, 17. Sehr häufig verbindet sich ati in dieser Bedeutung mit dem von ihm regierten Worte zu einem adj. oder adverb. comp.: atyaṅgula über eine Daumenbreite sich erstreckend, atyahna über einen Tag dauernd, atiśakra über Indra reichend, atiśītam über die kalte Jahreszeit hinweg, atinidram über den Schlaf hinweg (= nidrā saṃprati na yujyate P. 2, 1, 6, Sch. Dies ist das ati in der Bedeutung von asaṃprati H. an. 7, 20. MED. avy. 20.).

— b) über, oben an, mit dem gen.: àmī cà ye màghavā̂no vàyaṃ cà mihàṃ na sūrò atì niṣṭâtanyuḥ ṚV. 1, 141, 13. pra sàpta sâpta trèdhā hi câkràmuḥ pra sṛtvârīṇā̀matì sindhùrojâsā 10, 75, 1. bhātvâkṣasà atyàkturna sindhâvaḥ (=sindhvaḥ = sindhoḥ) 1, 143, 3. pàkṣī hâ bhū̀tvātì divàḥ samêti AV. 4, 34, 4. — Accent in Zusammensetzungen mit ati P. 6, 2, 191. gaṇa kāṣṭhādi .

ati

1)

b)

α) nachstehend: krodhāviṣṭeṣu pārtheṣu dhārtarāṣṭreṣu cāpyati MBH. 2, 2417.

— 2)

a) Z. 9 füge 9, 1146 nach 7, 2235 hinzu; ebendas. nach 3, 10731 ist hinzuzufügen: mānuṣānati gandharvānsarvāngandharva lakṣaye 1, 6463.

— c) mit folgendem abl. über: ati dharmādbalaṃ manye balāddharmaḥ pravartate Gewalt, meine ich, geht über Recht MBH. 12, 4840. Vielleicht fehlerhaft für adhi .

ati

2) a) ati sarvānyanīkāni pitā te 'tivyarocata MBH. 6, 1669.

áti, Grundbedeutung: über eine Grenze oder einen Gegenstand hinaus, und zwar so, dass dieser Gegenstand bei der Bewegung durchschritten wird. Es steht theils als selbständiges Adverb (1), theils als Richtungswort mit dem Verb begrifflich verschmelzend (2), theils als Präposition mit dem Accusativ (3—9). Für den Genetiv findet sich kein sicheres Beispiel 1) über das gewöhnliche Mass hinaus, überaus, sehr; 2) als Richtungswort in den Bedeutungen: hinüber, über, oder vorbei, vorüber zu den Verben: arh, 1. as, i, ūh, kṛ, kram, kṣar, khyā, 1. gā, gāh, gur, cit, tar, dagh, 1. dā, dāś, div, dru, 1. dhā, dhāv, dhvas, nī, 1. pat, par, pū, bhṛ, 1. man, yā, 1. rāj, ric, ruc, ruh, vakṣ, vah, vī, vṛdh, vyadh, vraj, śardh, śā, 1. śru, si, sṛ, sṛp, skand, sthā, spaś, sras, 1. hā. Ferner als Präposition mit dem Accusativ, und zwar in den Bedeutungen: 3) über — hinüber, oder durch — hindurch bei den Verben der Bewegung; 4) ebenso bei andern Verben, die den Begriff einer Bewegung einschliessen oder ergänzen lassen; 5) über einen Gegenstand hinaus wachsen, sei es an Grösse oder Kraft, daher 6) mit as, übertreffen; 7) ausser (lat. praeter); 8) zeitlich: die Zeit hindurch; 9) wider (das Gesetz). In den Fällen 3—6 lässt sich oft auch áti als Richtungswort zum Verb ziehen.

1) {219,1} (mandrás); {143,3} (rejante); {666,16} (kṛpayatás); {837,7} (prá śṛṇve); {912,2} (vyáthis).

3) Bei i (mit prá): {798,31}; īṣ (ā́) {919,6}; kṣar (prá) {778,28}; dhā (ā́) {882,7}; nī {952,1—4}. 6; yā (ā́) {277,2}; vī {398,7}; sṛj {720,5}; (mit abhí) {135,6}; {800,6}; sthā (prá) {669,16}; arṣ {819,17}; sṛp {798,44}.

4) Bei iṣaṇy {646,3}; dāś {457,20}; pū {714,1}; {778,22}; {809,4}; {818,13}; man (hinüberstreben) {753,2}; rāj (mit ví) {244,7}; yam (darreichen) {952,7}; hū {952,5}.

5) Bei tvakṣ (mit prá) {870,1}; ric (prá) {109,6}; ruh {729,5}; vakṣ {243,3}; vṛdh (prá) {671,2}.

6) {451,5}. 7) {1025,3}. 8) {903,2} (pūrvī́s áti kṣápas). 9) vratám {838,5}; {859,9}.

áti

— 1) Adv.

— a) vorbei , vorüber.

— b) über das gewöhnliche oder gehörige Maass ; überaus , sehr , vorzüglich , in hohem Grade (2,18) ; allzu , allzusehr , allzuviel.

— 2) Praep. mit Acc. über , über — weg , über — hinaus (im Raume , in der Zeit , an Zahl , an macht , an Intensität einer Thätigkeit u.s.w.) 1,16. 4,25. 5,14. Mit Gen. (selten) über , oben an.

— Mit Abl. (?) über.

— 3) Adj. darüber hinausgehend ŚAT. BR. 6,6,1,1.

áti vorbei, vorüber, überaus, sehr, zu sher, gar, höchst; meist °—. Praep. mit Acc. über, ultra,trans.

ati Praep. praef. (ut mihi videtur a stirpe pronominali a

s. ti ut iti ita ab i) 1) in compositione cum radici-

bus: super, supra, trans, ultra. 2) in compos. cum no-

minibus: id. et valde (lat. at in atavus, v. gr. comp. 425.)

probabiliter etiam et, quod ad atha quoque referri pos-

sit; germ. vet. anti, unti, inti, unde, indi etc., angl. and,

nostrum und, insertâ nasali; gr. lat. ante; lith.

ant super, goth. and partim ad ati partim ad

adhi pertinere videtur, respondet ei in prima sgfc. no-

strum ent- et ant- in antworten, entsprechen etc.).

ati avya0 ata—i . pūjāyām, utkarṣe, atikramaṇe,
ca . svabhāvohyatiricyate “teṣu hārdī tathāpyatīti”
caṇḍī0 . tatpuruṣapūrvvapadasthaḥ atikrāntārthe “atyādayaḥ
krāntādyarthe dvitīyayeti” vā0 . atirājī atiśvī . ut-
karṣārthe kugatiprādayaśceti samāse atidhanamatibalamiti .
“vikramātikramābuddhibhṛśārthātiśayeṣvatīti” gaṇaratnokteśca
vikramādiṣu tatra, vikrame atirathaḥ, (rathādhikavikramavān)
atikrame, atimati (buddhyatikramaḥ) abuddhau atigahanam
(buddheraviṣayaḥ) bhṛśe atitaptam (bhṛśataptam) atiśaye ati-
vegaḥ (atiśayito vegaḥ) evamanyānyapyudāhāryyāṇi .
asya kriyāyoge upasargatā atikrame pūjāyāñca karmmaprava-
canīyasaṃjñā tena tadyoge dvitīyādi tatrātikrame rājānamati,
pūjāyām atistutamityādau upasargatvabādhānna ṣatvam .

ati , vya, praśaṃsā . (at + i . pūjāyāṃ . atirati-
kramaṇe ceti . atyādayaḥ krāntādyarthe iti pāṇini-
sūtram .) prakarṣaṃ . laṅghanaṃ . iti viśvamedinyau ..
atiśayaṃ . krāntaṃ . pūjanaṃ . asambhāvanā . iti
durgādāsaḥ . prādiviṃśatyupasargāntargato'yaṃ ..

[Ati , read Atri, n. of a Prajāpati: Māy 257.18.]

[ati tvāṃ: LV 253.8 (vs), so text, but most mss.

atīva, and so Tib. (śin tu); read atīvā (m.c.).]

(20) “ati bandhane” (I-bhvādiḥ-61-saka. seṭ. para.)

‘bandhane'ntati, sātatyagamane'tati, cintayet .’ (ślo 94) iti devaḥ .

anta ^B kaḥ-ntikā, antakaḥ-ntikā, anti ⁴ tiṣakaḥ-ṣikā;

antitā-trī, antayitā-trī, antitiṣitā-trī;

antan-ntī, antayan-ntī, antitiṣan-ntī;

antiṣyan-tī-ntī, antayiṣyan-tī-ntī, antitiṣiṣyan-tī-ntī;

antayamānaḥ, antayiṣyamāṇaḥ;

an ¹, antau, antaḥ;

antitam-taḥ-tavān, antitaḥ, antitiṣitam-taḥ-tavān;

antaḥ, sama ² ntī, antitiṣuḥ, antitayiṣuḥ;

antitavyam, antayitavyam, antitiṣitavyam;

antanīyam, antanīyam, antitiṣaṇīyam;

antyam, antyam, antitiṣyam;

īṣadantaḥ, durantaḥ, svantaḥ;

a ³ ntyamānaḥ, antyamānaḥ, antitiṣyamāṇaḥ;

antaḥ, antaḥ, antitiṣaḥ;

antitum, antayitum, antitiṣitum;

a ⁴ ntā, antanā, antitiṣā, antitayiṣā;

antanam, antanam, antitiṣaṇam;

antitvā, antayitvā, antitiṣitvā;

samantya, samantya, samantitiṣya;

antam 2, antitvā 2, antam 2, antayitvā 2, antitiṣam 2; antitiṣitvā 2

[Footnote]B. ‘atardakāstvadya vikardamāśayāḥ

prakhardavṛttairasamantitāntikāḥ .

śrutāndukaiścittagajendrarodhinastuṣyantu

santo guṇabindulolupāḥ ..’

(dhā. kā. 1-9.)

[Footnote]4. ‘na ndrāḥ saṃyogādayaḥ’ (6-1-3) iti

nakārasya dvitvaniṣedhaḥ .

[Footnote]1. ‘saṃyogāntasya lopaḥ’ (8-2-23) iti

takārasya lopaḥ .

[Footnote]2. ‘supyajātau ṇini’ — (3-2-78)

iti ṇiniḥ .

[Footnote]3. idittvāt ‘aniditāṃ—’ (6-4-24)

iti nalopo na .

[Footnote]4. ‘gurośca halaḥ’ (3-3-103) itya-

pratyayaḥ .