arthaḥ

arthaḥ [In some of its senses from arth; in others from ṛ-than Uṇ. 2. 4; aryate hyasau arthibhiḥ Nir.]

1 Object, purpose, end and aim; wish, desire; jñātārtho jñātasaṃbaṃdhaḥ śrotuṃ śrotā pravartate; siddha°, °paripaṃthī Mu. 5; °vaśāt 5. 8; (pb) smartavyosmi satyarthe Dk. 117 if it be necessary; Y. 2. 46; M. 4. 6; oft. used in this sense as the last member of compounds and translated by ‘for’, ‘intended for’, ‘for the sake of’, ‘on account of’, ‘on behalf of,’ and used like an adj. to qualify nouns; arthena tu nityasamāso viśeṣyanighnatā ca Vārt.; saṃtānārthāya vidhaye R. 1. 34; tāṃ devatāpitratithikriyārthāṃ (dhenuṃ) 2. 16; dvijārthāṃ yavāgūḥ Sk.; yajñārthātkarmaṇo'nyatra Bg. 3. 9. It mostly occurs in this sense as arthaṃ, arthe or arthāya and has an adverbial force; (a) kimarthaṃ for what purpose, why; yadarthaṃ for whom or which; velopalakṣaṇārthaṃ Ś. 4; taddarśanādabhūcchaṃbhorbhūyāndārārthamādaraḥ Ku. 6. 13; (b) parārthe prājña utsṛjet H. 1. 44; gavārthe brāhmaṇārthe ca Pt. 1. 420; madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ Bg. 1. 9; (c) sukhārthāya Pt. 4. 18; pratyākhyātā mayā tatra nalasyārthāya devatāḥ Nala. 13. 19; ṛtuparṇasya cārthāya 23. 9.

2 Cause, motive, reason, ground, means; aluptaśca muneḥ kriyārthaḥ R. 2. 55 means or cause; ato'rthāt Ms. 2. 213.

3 Meaning, sense, signification, import; artha is of

3 kinds: vācya or expressed, lakṣya or indicated (secondary), and vyaṃgya or suggested; tadadoṣau śabdārthau K. P. 1; artho vācyaśca lakṣyaśca vyaṃgyaśceti tridhā mataḥ .. S. D. 2; vāgarthāviva R. 1. 1; avekṣya dhātorgamanārthamarthavit 3. 21.

4 A thing, object, substance; artho hi kanyā parakīya eva Ś. 4. 21; that which can be perceived by the senses, an object of sense; iṃdriya° H. 1. 146; Ku. 7. 71; R. 2. 51; na nirbaddhā upasargā arthānnirāhuḥ Nir.; iṃdriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthā arthebhyaśca paraṃ manaḥ Kaṭh. (the objects of sense are five rūpa, rasa, gaṃdha, sparśa and śabda).

5 (a) An affair, business, matter, work; prāk pratipanno'yamarthoṃ'garājāya Ve. 3; artho'yamarthāṃtarabhāvya eva Ku. 3. 18; artho'rthānubaṃdhī Dk. 67; saṃgītārthaḥ Me. 56 business of singing, i. e. musical concert (apparatus of singing); saṃdeśārthāḥ Me. 5 matters of message, i. e. messages; (b) Interest, object; svārthasādhanatatparaḥ Ms. 4. 196; dvayamevārthasādhanaṃ R. 1. 19; 2. 21; durāpe'rthe 1. 72; sarvārthāciṃtakaḥ Ms. 7. 121; mālavikāyāṃ na me kaścidarthaḥ M. 3 I have no interest in M. (c) Subject-matter, contents (as of letters &c.); tvāmavagatārthaṃ kariṣyati Mu. 1 will acquaint you with the matter; uttaro'yaṃ lekhārthaḥ ibid.; tena hi asya gṛhītārthā bhavāmi (pb) V. 2 if so I should know its contents; nanu parigṛhītārthosmi kṛto bhavatā V. 5; tayā bhavato'vinayamaṃtareṇa parigṛhītārthākṛtā devī M. 4 made acquainted with; tvayā gṛhītārthayā atrabhavatī kathaṃ na vāritā 3; agṛhītārthe āvāṃ Ś. 6; iti paurān gṛhītārthān kṛtvā ibid.

6 Wealth, riches, property, money (said to be of

3 kinds:

— śukla honestly got; śabala got by more or less doubtful means, and kṛṣṇa dishonestly got;) tyāgāya saṃbhṛtārthānāṃ R. 1. 7; dhigarthāḥ kaṣṭasaṃśrayāḥ Pt. 1. 163; arthānāmarjane duḥkhaṃ ibid.; yasyārthāstasya mitrāṇi 1. 3; teṣāmarthe niyuṃjīta śūrān dakṣān kulodgatān Ms. 7. 62.

7 Attainment of riches or worldly prosperity, regarded as one of the four ends of human existence, the other three being dharma, kāma and mokṣa; with artha and kāma, dharma forms the well-known triad; cf. Ku. 5. 38; apyarthakāmau tasyāstāṃ dharma eva manīṣiṇaḥ R. 1. 25.

8 (a) Use, advantage, profit, good; tathā hi sarve tasyāsan parārthaikaphalā guṇāḥ R. 1. 29 for the good of others; arthānarthāvubhau buddhvā Ms. 8. 24 good and evil; kṣetriṇāmarthaḥ 9. 52.; yāvānartha udapāne sarvataḥ saṃplutodake Bg. 2. 46; also vyartha, nirarthaka q. v. (b) Use, want, need, concern, with instr.; ko'rthaḥ putreṇa jātena Pt. 1 what is the use of a son being born; kaśca tenārthaḥ Dk. 59; korthastiraścāṃ guṇaiḥ Pt. 2. 33 what do brutes care for merits; Bh. 2. 48; yogyenārthaḥ kasya na syājjanena Śi. 18. 66; naiva tasya kṛtenārtho nākṛteneha kaścana Bg. 3. 18; yadi prāṇairihārtho vo nivartadhvaṃ Rām. ko nu me jīvitenārthaḥ Nala. 12. 65.

9 Asking, begging; request, suit, petition.

10 Action, plaint (in law).

11 The actual state, fact of the matter; as in yathārtha, arthataḥ, °tattvavid.

12 Manner, kind, sort.

13 Prevention, warding off; maśakārtho dhūmaḥ; prohibition, abolition (this meaning may also be derived from

1 above).

14 Price (perhaps an incorrect form for argha).

15 Fruit, result (phalaṃ).

16 N. of a son of dharma.

17 The second place from the lagna (in astr.).

18 N. of Viṣṇu.

Comp.

— adhikāraḥ charge of money, office of treasurer °re na niyoktavyau H. 2.

— adhikārin m. a treasurer, one charged with financial duties, finance minister.

— anveṣaṇaṃ inquiry after a matter.

— aṃtaraṃ

1 another or (pb) different meaning.

2 another cause or motive; arthoyamarthāṃtarabhāvya eva Ku. 3. 18.

3 a new matter or circumstance, new affair.

4 opposite or antithetical meaning, difference of meaning. °nyāsaḥ a figure of speech in which a general proposition is adduced to support a particular instance, or a particular instance, to support a general proposition; it is an inference from particular to general and vice versa; uktirarthāṃtaranyāsaḥ syāt sāmānyaviśeṣayoḥ . (1) hanumānabdhimatarad duṣkaraṃ kiṃ mahātmanāṃ .. (2) guṇavadvastusaṃsargādyāti nīcopi gauravaṃ . puṣpamālānuṣaṃgeṇa sūtraṃ śirasi dhāryate Kuval.; cf. also K. P. 10 and S. D. 709. (Instances of this figure abound in Sanskrit literature, especially in the works of Kālidāsa, Māgha and Bhāravi).

— anvita a.

1 rich, wealthy.

2 significant.

— arthin a. one who longs for or strives to get wealth or gain any object.

— alaṃkāraḥ a figure of speech determined by and dependent on the sense, and not on sound (opp. śabdālaṃkāra).

— āgamaḥ

1 acquisition of wealth, income; °gamāya syāta Pt. 1.

2 collection of property.

3 conveying of a sense; S. D. 737.

— āpattiḥ f. [arthasya anuktārthasya āpāttiḥ siddhiḥ]

1 an inference from circumstances, presumption, implication, one of the five sources of knowledge or modes of proof, according to the Mīmāṃsakas. It is ‘deduction of a matter from that which could not else be’; it is ‘assumption of a thing, not itself perceived but necessarily implied by another which is seen, heard, or proved’; it is an inference used to account for an apparent inconsistency; as in the familiar instance pīno devadatto divā na bhukteṃ the apparent inconsistency between ‘fatness’ and ‘not eating by day’ is accounted for by the inference of his ‘eating by night’; pīnatvaviśiṣṭasya devadattasya rātribhojitvarūpārthasya śabdānuktasyāpi āpattiḥ. Strictly speaking it is no separate mode of proof; it is only a case of anumāna and can be proved by a vyatirekavyāpti; cf. Tarka K. 17 and S. D. 460.

2 a figure of speech (according to some rhetoricians) in which a relevant assertion suggests an inference not actually connected with (pb) the subject in hand, or vice versa; it corresponds to what is popularly called kaimutikanyāya or daṃḍāpūpanyāya; e. g. hāroyaṃ hariṇākṣīṇāṃ luṭhati stanamaṃḍale . muktānāmapyavastheyaṃ ke vayaṃ smarakiṃkarāḥ Amaru. 100; abhitaptamayopi mārdavaṃ bhajate kaiva kathā śarīriṣu R. 8. 43. S. D. thus defines the figure: daṃḍāpūpikayānyārthāgamo' rthāpattiriṣyate.

— utpattiḥ f. acquisition of wealth; so °upārjanaṃ.

— upakṣepakaḥ an introductory scene (in dramas); arthopakṣepakāḥ paṃca S. D. 308.

— upamā a simile dependent on sense and not on sound; see under upamā.

— uṣman m. the glow or warmth of wealth; arthoṣmaṇā virahitaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eva Bh. 2. 40.

— oghaḥ, rāśiḥ treasure, hoard of money.

— kara (

— rī f.),

— kṛt a.

1 bringing in wealth, enriching; arthakarī ca vidyā H. Pr. 3.

2 useful, advantageous.

— karman n. a principal action (opp. guṇakarman).

— kāma a. desirous of wealth. (

— mau dual), wealth and (sensual) desire or pleasure; R. 1. 25.

— kṛcchraṃ

1 a difficult matter.

2 pecuniary difficulty; na muhyedarthakṛcchreṣu Nīti.

— kṛtyaṃ doing or execution of a business; abhyupetārthakṛtyāḥ Me. 38.

— kramaḥ due order or sequence of purpose.

— gata a.

1 based on the sense (as a doṣa).

2 devoid of sense.

— gauravaṃ depth of meaning; bhāraverarthagauravaṃ Udb., Ki. 2. 27.

— ghna a. (ghnī f.) extravagant, wasteful, prodigal; Y. 1. 73; Ms. 9. 80.

— ciṃtaka a.

1 thinking of profit.

2 having charge of affairs; sarvārthaciṃtakaḥ Ms. 7. 121.

— ciṃtā, ciṃtanaṃ charge or administration of (royal) affairs; maṃtrī syādarthaciṃtāyāṃ S. D.

— jāta a.

1 full of meaning.

2 wealthy (jātadhana). (

— taṃ)

1 a collection of things.

2 large amount of wealth, considerable property; Dk. 63, Ś. 6; Mk. 2. 6.

3 all matters; Śi. 11. 6.

4 its own meaning; Ki. 3. 48.

— jña a. knowing the sense or purpose; arthajña itsakalaṃ bhadramaśnute Nir.

— tatvaṃ

1 the real truth, the fact of the matter; H. 4. 94.

2 the real nature or cause of any thing.

— da a.

1 yielding wealth; Dk. 41.

2 advantageous, productive of good, useful.

3 li beral, munificent Ms. 2. 109.

4 favourable, compliant. (

— daḥ) N. of Kubera.

— darśanaṃ perception of objects; Ki. 2. 33; Dk. 155. (pb)

— dūṣaṇaṃ

1 extravagance, waste; H. 3. 115; Ms. 7. 48.

2 unjust seizure of property or withholding what is due.

3 finding fault with the meaning.

4 spoiling of another's property.

— doṣaḥ a literary fault or blemish with regard to the sense, one of the four doshas or blemishes of literary composition, the other three being padadoṣa, padāṃśadoṣa, and vākyadoṣa; for definitions &c. see K. P. 7.

— nitya a. = aṃrthapradhāna Nir.

— nibaṃdhana a. dependent on wealth.

— niścayaḥ determination, decision.

— patiḥ

1 ‘the lord of riches’; a king; kiṃcidvihasyārthapatiṃ babhāṣe R. 2. 46; 1. 59; 9. 3; 18. 1; Pt. 1. 74.

2 an epithet of Kubera.

— para, lubdha a.

1 intent on gaining wealth, greedy of wealth, covetous.

2 niggardly, parsimonious; Bh. 2. 47; Pt. 1. 425.

— prakṛtiḥ f. the leading source or occasion of the grand object in a drama; (the number of these ‘sources’ is five: bījaṃ biṃduḥ patākā ca prakarī kāryameva ca . arthaprakṛtayaḥ paṃca jñātvā yojyā yathāvidhi S. D. 317.)

— prayogaḥ

1 usury.

2 administration of the affairs (of a state).

— prāpta a. derived or understood from the sense.

— baṃdhaḥ

1 arrangement of words, composition, text; stanza, verse; Ś. 7. 5; lalitārthabaṃdhaṃ V. 2. 14 put or expressed in elegant words.

2 connection (of the soul) with the objects of sense.

— buddhi a. selfish.

— bodhaḥ indication of the (real) import.

— bhāj a. entitled to a share in the division of property.

— bhṛt a. receiving high wages (as a servant).

— bhedaḥ distinction or difference of meaning; arthabhedena śabdabhedaḥ.

— mātraṃ, trā

1 property, wealth; Pt. 2.

2 the whole sense or object.

— yukta a. significant, full of meaning; Ku. 1. 13.

— lābhaḥ acquisition of wealth.

— lobhaḥ avarice.

— vādaḥ

1 declaration of any purpose.

2 affirmation, declaratory assertion, an explanatory remark, exegesis; speech or assertion having a certain object; a sentence. It usually recommends a vidhi or precept by stating the good arising from its proper observance, and the evils arising from its omission, and also by adducing historical instances in its support; stutirnidā parakṛtiḥ purākalpa ityarthavādaḥ Gaut. S.; (said by Laugākṣi to be of three (pb) kinds: guṇavādo virodhe syādanuvādo'vadhārite . bhūtārthavādastaddhānādarthavādastridhā mataḥ; the last kind includes many varieties.)

3 one of the six means of finding out the tātparya (real aim and object) of any work.

4 praise, eulogy; arthavāda eṣaḥ . doṣaṃ tu me kaṃcitkathaya U. 1.

— vijñānaṃ comprehending the sense, one of the six exercises of the understanding (dhīguṇa).

— vid a. sensible, wise, sagacious.

— viprakarṣaḥ difficulty in the comprehension of the sense.

— vikaraṇaṃ = arthavikriyā change of meaning.

— vikalpaḥ

1 deviation from truth, perversion of fact.

2 prevarication; also °vaikalyaṃ.

— viśeṣaṇaṃ a reprehensive repetition of something uttered by another; S. D. 490.

— vṛddhiḥ f. accumulation of wealth.

— vyayaḥ expenditure; °jña a. conversant with money-matters.

— śāstraṃ

1 the science of wealth (political economy).

2 science of polity, political science, politics; Dk. 120; iha khalu arthaśāstrakārāstrividhāṃ siddhimupavarṇayaṃti Mu. 3; °vyavahārin one dealing with politics, a politician; Mu. 5.

3 science giving precepts on general conduct, the science of practical life; Pt. 1.

— śaucaṃ purity or honesty in money-matters; sarveṣāṃ caiva śaucānāmarthaśaucaṃ paraṃ smṛtaṃ Ms. 5. 106.

— saṃsthānaṃ

1 accumulation of wealth.

2 treasury.

— saṃgrahaḥ, saṃcayaḥ accumulation or acquisition of wealth, wealth, treasure, property.

— samājaḥ aggregate of causes.

— samāhāraḥ

1 treasure.

2 acquisition of wealth.

— saṃpad f. accomplishment of a desired object; Ki. 1. 15.

— saṃbaṃdhaḥ connection of the sense with he word or sentence.

— sādhaka a.

1 accomplishing any object.

2 bringing any matter to a conclusion.

— sāraḥ considerable wealth; Pt. 2. 42.

— siddha a. understood from the very context (though not expressed in words), inferable from the connection of words.

— siddhiḥ f. fulfilment of a desired object, success.

— hara a. inheriting wealth.

— hīna a.

1 deprived of wealth, poor.

2 unmeaning, nonsensical.

3 failing.

arthaḥ [In some of its senses from arth; in others from ṛ-than Uṇ.2.4; arthate hyasau arthibhiḥ Nir.] 1 Object, purpose, end and aim; wish, desire; jñātārtho jñātasaṃbandhaḥ śrotuṃ śrotā pravartate, siddha˚, ˚paripanthī Mu.5; ˚vaśāt 5.8; smartavyo'smi satyarthe Dk.117 if it be necessary; Y.2.46; M.4.6; oft. used in this sense as the last member of compounds and translated by 'for', 'intended for', 'for the sake of', 'on account of', 'on behalf of', and used like an adj. to qualify nouns; arthena tu nitya- samāso viśeṣyanighratā ca Vārt.; santānārthāya vidhaye R.1.34; tāṃ devatāpitratithikriyārthām (dhenum) 2.16; dvijārthā yavāgūḥ Sk.; yajñārthātkarmaṇo'nyatra Bg.3.9. It mostly occurs in this sense as artham, arthe or arthāya and has an adverbial force; (a) kimartham for what purpose, why; yadartham for whom or which; velopalakṣaṇārtham Ś.4; taddarśanādabhūcchambhorbhūyāndārārtha- mādaraḥ Ku.6.13; (b) parārthe prājña utsṛjet H.1.41; gavārthe brāhmaṇārthe ca Pt.1.420; madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ Bg.1.9; (c) sukhārthāya Pt.4.18; pratyākhyātā mayā tatra nalasyārthāya devatāḥ Nala.13.19; ṛtuparṇasya cārthāya 23.9. -2 Cause, motive, reason, ground, means; aluptaśca muneḥ kriyārthaḥ R.2.55 means or cause; ato'rthāt Ms.2.213. -3 Meaning, sense, signification, import; artha is of 3 kinds:--vācya or expressed, lakṣya or indicated (secondary), and vyaṅgya or suggested; tadadoṣau śabdārthau K. P.1; artho vācyaśca lakṣyaśca vyaṅgyaśceti tridhā mataḥ S. D.2; vāgarthāviva R.1.1; avekṣya dhātorgamanārthamarthavit 3.21. -4 A thing, object, substance; lakṣmaṇo'rthaṃ tataḥ śrutvā Rām.7.46.18; artho hi kanyā parakīya eva Ś.4.22; that which can be perceived by the senses, an object of sense; indriya˚ H.1.146; Ku.7.71; R.2.51; na nirbaddhā upasargā arthānnirāhuḥ Nir.; indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthā arthebhyaśca paraṃ manaḥ Kaṭh. (the objects of sense are five : rūpa, rasa, gandha, sparśa and śabda); śabdaḥ sparśo raso gandho rūpaṃ cetyarthajātayaḥ Bhāg.11.22.16. -5 (a) An affair, business, matter, work; prāk pratipanno'yamartho'- ṅgarājāya Ve.3; artho'yamarthāntarabhāvya eva Ku.3.18; artho'rthā- nubandhī Dk.67; saṅgītārthaḥ Me.66 business of singing i. e. musical concert (apparatus of singing); sandeśārthāḥ Me. 5 matters of message, i. e. messages; (b) Interest, object; svārthasādhanatatparaḥ Ms.4.196; dvayamevārthasādhanam R.1. 19;2.21; durāpe'rthe 1.72; sarvārthacintakaḥ Ms.7.121; māla- vikāyāṃ na me kaścidarthaḥ M.3 I have no interest in M. (c) Subject-matter, contents (as of letters &c.); tvāmava- gatārthaṃ kariṣyati Mu.1 will acquaint you with the matter; uttaro'yaṃ lekhārthaḥ ibid.; tena hi asya gṛhītārthā bhavāmi V.2 if so I should know its contents; nanu parigṛhītārtho'- smi kṛto bhavatā V.5; tayā bhavato'vinayamantareṇa parigṛhītārthā kṛtā devī M.4 made acquainted with; tvayā gṛhītārthayā atrabhavatī kathaṃ na vāritā 3; agṛhītārthe āvām Ś.6; iti paurān gṛhītārthān kṛtvā ibid. -6 Wealth, riches, property, money (said to be of 3 kinds : śukla honestly got; śabala got by more or less doubtful means, and kṛṣṇa dishonestly got;) tyāgāya saṃbhṛtārthānām R.1.7; dhigarthāḥ kaṣṭasaṃśrayāḥ Pt.1.163; arthānāmarjane duḥkham ibid.; sasyārthāstasya mitrāṇi1.3; teṣāmarthe niyuñjīta śūrān dakṣān kulodgatān Ms.7.62. -7 Attainment of riches or worldly prosperity, regarded as one of the four ends of human existence, the other three being dharma, kāma and mokṣa; with artha and kāma, dharma forms the well-known triad; cf. Ku.5.38; apyarthakāmau tasyāstāṃ dharma eva manīṣiṇaḥ R.1.25. -8 (a) Use, advantage, profit, good; tathā hi sarve tasyāsan parārthaikaphalā guṇāḥ R.1.29 for the good of others; arthānarthāvubhau buddhvā Ms.8.24 good and evil; kṣetriṇāmarthaḥ 9.52; yāvānartha udapāne sarvataḥ sāṃplutodake Bg.2.46; also vyartha, nirarthaka q. v. (b) Use, want, need, concern, with instr.; ko'rthaḥ putreṇa jātena Pt.1 what is the use of a son being born; kaśca tenārthaḥ Dk.59; ko'rthastiraścāṃ guṇaiḥ Pt.2.33 what do brutes care for merits; Bh.2.48; yogyenārthaḥ kasya na syājja- nena Ś.18.66; naiva tasya kṛtenārtho nākṛteneha kaścana Bg.3.18; yadi prāṇairihārtho vo nivartadhvam Rām. ko nu me jīvitenārthaḥ Nala.12.65. -9 Asking, begging; request, suit, petition. -10 Action, plaint (in law); artha virāgāḥ paśyanti Rām.2.100.58; asākṣikeṣu tvartheṣu Ms.8.109. -11 The actual state, fact of the matter; as in yathārtha, arthataḥ, ˚tatvavid, yadarthena vināmuṣya puṃsa ātmaviparyayaḥ Bhāg.3.7.10. -12 Manner, kind, sort. -13 Prevention, warding off; maśakārtho dhūmaḥ; prohibition, abolition (this meaning may also be derived from 1 above). -14 Price (perhaps an incorrect form for argha). -15 Fruit, result (phalam). tasya nānubhavedarthaṃ yasya hetoḥ sa ropitaḥ Rām.6.128.7; Mb.12.175.5. -16 N. of a son of dharma. -17 The second place from the lagna (in astr.). -18 N. of Viṣṇu. -19 The category called apūrva (in pūrvamīmāṃsā); artha iti apūrvaṃ brūmaḥ | ŚB. on MS.7.1.2. -20 Force (of a statement or an expression); arthācca sāmarthyācca kramo vidhīyate | ŚB. on MS.5.1.2. [arthāt = by implication]. -21 The need, purpose, sense; vyavadhānādartho balīyān | ŚB. on MS.6.4.23. -22 Capacity, power; arthādvā kalpanaikadeśatvāt | Ms.1.4.30 (where Śabara paraphrases arthāt by sāmarthyāt and states the rule: ākhyātānāmarthaṃ bruvatāṃ śaktiḥ sahakāriṇī |), cf. artho'bhidheyaraivastuprayojananivṛttiṣu | mokṣakāraṇayośca...... Nm. -Comp. -atideśaḥ Extension (of gender, number &c.) to the objects (as against words), i. e. to treat a single object as though it were many, a female as though it were male. (tantravārttika 1.2.58.3;6.3.34.7). -adhikāraḥ charge of money, office of treasurer ˚re na niyoktavyau H.2. -adhikārin m. a treasurer, one charged with financial duties, finance minister. -anupapattiḥ f. The difficulty of accounting for or explaining satisfactorily a particular meaning; incongruity of a particular meaning (tantravārttika 4.3.42.2). -anuyāyin a. Following the rules (śāstra); tattrikālahitaṃ vākyaṃ dharmyamarthānuyāyi ca Rām.5.51.21. -anveṣaṇam inquiry after a matter. -antaram 1 another or different meaning. -2 another cause or motive; artho'yama- rthāntarabhāvya eva Ku.3.18. -3 A new matter or circumstance, new affair. -4 opposite or antithetical meaning, difference of meaning. ˚nyāsaḥ a figure of speech in which a general proposition is adduced to support a particular instance, or a particular instance, to support a general proposition; it is an inference from particular to general and vice versa; uktirarthāntaranyāsaḥ syāt sāmānyaviśeṣayoḥ | (1) hanūmānabdhimatarad duṣkaraṃ kiṃ mahātmanām || (2) guṇavadvastusaṃsargādyāti nīco'pi gauravam | puṣpamālānuṣaṅgeṇa sūtraṃ śirasi dhāryate Kuval.; cf. also K. P.10 and S. D.709. (Instances of this figure abound in Sanskrit literature, especially in the works of Kālidāsa, Māgha and Bhāravi). -anvita a. 1 rich, wealthy. -2 significant. -abhidhāna a. 1 That whose name is connected with the purpose to be served by it; arthābhidhānaṃ prayojanasambaddhamabhidhānaṃ yasya, yathā puroḍāśakapālamiti puroḍāśārthaṃ kapālaṃ puroḍāśakapālam | ŚB. on MS.4.1.26. -2 Expression or denotation of the desired meaning (vārttika 3.1.2.5.). -arthin a. one who longs for or strives to get wealth or gain any object. arthārthī jīvaloko'yam | ārto jijñāsurarthārthī Bg.7.16. -alaṃkaraḥ a figure of speech determined by and dependent on the sense, and not on sound (opp. śabdālaṃkāra). alaṃkāraśekhara of keśavamiśra mentions (verse 29) fourteen types of arthālaṃkāras as follows:- upamārūpakotprekṣāḥ samāsoktirapahnutiḥ | samāhitaṃ svabhāvaśca virodhaḥ sāradīpakau || sahoktiranyadeśatvaṃ viśeṣoktirvibhāvanā | evaṃ syurarthālakārāścaturdaśa na cāpare || -āgamaḥ 1 acquisition of wealth, income; ˚gamāya syāt Pt.1. cf. also arthāgamo nityamarogitā ca H. -2 collection of property. -3 conveying of sense; S. D.737. -āpattiḥ f. [arthasya anuktārthasya āpattiḥ siddhiḥ] 1 an inference from circumstances, presumption, implication, one of the five sources of knowledge or modes of proof, according to the Mīmāṁsakas. It is 'deduction of a matter from that which could not else be'; it is 'assumption of a thing, not itself perceived but necessarily implied by another which is seen, heard, or proved'; it is an inference used to account for an apparent inconsistency; as in the familiar instance pīno devadatto divā na bhuṅkte the apparent inconsistency between 'fatness' and 'not eating by day' is accounted for by the inference of his 'eating by night'. pīnatvaviśi- ṣṭasya devadattasya rātribhojitvarūpārthasya śabdānuktasyāpi āpattiḥ. It is defined by Śabara as dṛṣṭaḥ śruto vārtho'nyathā nopapadyate ityartha- kalpanā | yathā jīvati devadatte gṛhābhāvadarśanena bahirbhāvasyādṛṣṭasya kalpanā || Ms.1.1.5. It may be seen from the words dṛṣṭaḥ and śrutaḥ in the above definition, that Śabara has suggested two varieties of arthāpatti viz. dṛṣṭārthāpatti and śrutā- rthāpatti. The illustration given by him, however, is of dṛṣṭārthāpatti only. The former i. e. dṛṣṭārthāpatti consists in the presumption of some adṛṣṭa artha to account for some dṛṣṭa artha (or arthas) which otherwise becomes inexplicable. The latter, on the other hand, consists in the presumption of some artha through aśruta śabda to account for some śruta artha (i. e. some statement). This peculiarity of śrutārthāpatti is clearly stated in the following couplet; yatra tvaparipūrṇasya vākyasyānvayasiddhaye | śabdo'dhyāhriyate tatra śrutārthāpatti- riṣyate || Mānameyodaya p.129 (ed. by K. Raja, Adyar, 1933). Strictly speaking it is no separate mode of proof; it is only a case of anumāna and can be proved by a vyatirekavyāpti; cf. Tarka. K.17 and S. D.460. -2 a figure of speech (according to some rhetoricians) in which a relevant assertion suggests an inference not actually connected with the the subject in hand, or vice versa; it corresponds to what is popularly called kaimutikanyāya or daṇḍāpūpanyāya; e. g. hāro'yaṃ hariṇākṣīṇāṃ luṇṭhati stanamaṇḍale | muktānāmapyavastheyaṃ ke vayaṃ smarakiṅkarāḥ Amaru.100; abhitaptamayo'pi mārdavaṃ bhajate kaiva kathā śarīriṣu R.8.43.; S. D. thus defines the figure:- daṇḍāpūpikanyāyārthāgamo'rthāpattiriṣyate. -utpattiḥ f. acquisition of wealth; so ˚upārjanam. -upakṣepakaḥ an introductory scene (in dramas); arthopakṣepakāḥ pañca S. D.308. They are viṣkambha, cūlikā, aṅkāsya, aṅkāvatāra, praveśaka. -upamā a simile dependent on sense and not on sound; see under upamā. -upārjanam Acquiring wealth. -uṣman m. the glow or warmth of wealth; arthoṣmaṇā virahitaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eva Bh.2.40. -oghaḥ, -rāśiḥ treasure, hoard of money. -kara (-rī f.), -kṛta a. 1 bringing in wealth, enriching; arthakarī ca vidyā H. Pr.3. -2 useful, advantageous. -karman n. 1 a principal action (opp. guṇakarman). -2 (as opposed to pratipattikarman), A fruitful act (as opposed to mere disposal or pratipatti); arthakarma vā kartṛsaṃyogāt sragvat | MS.4.2.17. -kāma a. desirous of wealth. (-˚mau dual), wealth and (sensual) desire or pleasure; apyarthakāmau tasyāstāṃ dharma eva manīṣiṇaḥ R.1.25. hratvārthakāmāstu gurūnihaiva Bg.2.5. -kārṣyam Poverty. nirbandhasaṃjātaruṣārthakārghyamacintayitvā guruṇāhamuktaḥ R.5.21. -kāśin a. Only apparently of utility (not really). -kilbiṣin a. dishonest in money-matters. -kṛcchram 1 a difficult matter. -2 pecuniary difficulty; vyasanaṃ vārthakṛcchre vā Rām.4.7.9; Mb.3.2.19; cf. also Kau. A.1.15 na muhyedarthakṛcchreṣu Nīti. -kṛtyam doing or execution of a business; abhyupetārthakṛtyāḥ Me.40. -kovida a. Expert in a matter, experienced. uvāca rāmo dharmātmā punarapyarthakovidaḥ Rām.6.4.8. -kramaḥ due order or sequence of purpose. -kriyā (a) An implied act, an act which is to be performed as a matter of course (as opposed to śabdoktakriyā); asati śabdokte arthakriyā bhavati ŚB. on MS.12.1.12. (b) A purposeful action. (see arthakarman). -gata a. 1 based on the sense (as a doṣa). -2 devoid of sense. -gatiḥ understanding the sense. -guṇāḥ cf. bhāvikatvaṃ suśabdatvaṃ paryāyoktiḥ sudharmitā | catvāro'rthaguṇāḥ proktāḥ pare tvatraiva saṃgatāḥ || alaṃkāraśekhara 21. -gṛham A treasury. Hariv. -gauravam depth of meaning; bhāraverarthagauravam Udb., Ki.2.27. -ghna a. (ghnī f.) extravagant, wasteful, prodigal; surāpī vyādhitā dhūrtā vandhyārthaghnya- priyaṃvadā Y.1.73; vyādhitā vādhivettavyā hiṃsrārthaghnī ca sarvadā Ms.9.80. -citram 'variety in sense', a pun, Kāvyaprakāśa. -cintaka a. 1 thinking of profit. -2 having charge of affairs; sarvārthacintakaḥ Ms.7.121. -cintā, -cintanam charge or administration of (royal) affairs; mantrī syādarthacintāyām S. D. -jāta a. 1 full of meaning. -2 wealthy (jātadhana). (-tam) 1 a collection of things. -2 large amount of wealth, considerable property; Dk.63, Ś.6; dadāti ca nityamarthajātam Mk.2.7. -3 all matters; kavaya iva mahīpāścintayantyarthajātam Śi.11.6. -4 its own meaning; vahandvayīṃ yadyaphale'rthajāte Ki.3.48. -jña a. knowing the sense or purpose; arthajña itsakalaṃ bhadramaśnute Nir. -tattvam 1 the real truth, the fact of the matter; yo'rthatattvamavijñāya krodhasyaiva vaśaṃ gataḥ H.4.94. -2 the real nature or cause of anything. -da a. 1 yielding wealth; Dk.41. -2 advantageous, productive of good, useful. -3 liberal, munificent Ms.2.109. -4 favourable, compliant. (-daḥ) N. of Kubera. -darśakaḥ 'one who sees law-suits'; a judge. -darśanam perception of objects; kurute dīpa ivārthadarśanam Ki.2.33; Dk.155. -dūṣaṇam 1 extravagance, waste; H.3.108; Ms.7.48. -2 unjust seizure of property or withholding what is due. -3 finding fault with the meaning. -4 spoiling of another's property. -dṛś f. Consideration of truth; kṣemaṃ trilokagururarthadṛśaṃ ca yacchan Bhāg.10.86.21. -dṛṣṭiḥ Seeing profit; Bhāg. -doṣaḥ a literary fault or blemish with regard to the sense, one of the four doṣas or blemishes of literary composition, the other three being paradoṣa, padāṃśadoṣa, vākyadoṣa; for definitions &c. see K. P.7. alaṃkāraśekhara of keśavamiśra who mentions eight types of doṣas as follows: aṣṭārthadoṣāḥ virasa, -grāmya, -vyāhata, -khinnatāḥ | -hīnā, -dhikā, sadṛksāmyaṃ deśādīnāṃ virodhi ca || 17 -dvayavidhānam Injunction of two ideas or senses; vidhāne cārthadvayavidhānaṃ doṣaḥ ŚB. on MS.10.8.70. -nitya a. = artha- pradhāna Nir. -nibandhana a. dependent on wealth. -niścayaḥ determination, decision. -pratiḥ 1 'the lord of riches', a a king; kiṃcid vihasyārthapatiṃ babhāṣe R.2.46;1.59;9.3;18.1; Pt.1.74. -2 an epithet of Kubera. -padam N. of the Vārt. on Pāṇini; sasūtravṛttyarthapadaṃ mahārthaṃ sasaṃgrahaṃ siddhyati vai kapīndraḥ Rām.7.36.45. -para, -lubdha a. 1 intent on gaining wealth, greedy of wealth, covetous. -2 niggardly, parsimonious; hiṃsrā dayālurapi cārthaparā vadānyā Bh.2.47; Pt.1.425. -prakṛtiḥ f. the leading source or occasion of the grand object in a drama; (the number of these 'sources' is five :-- bījaṃ binduḥ patākā ca prakarī kāryameva ca | arthaprakṛtayaḥ pañca jñātvā yojyā yathāvidhi S. D.317.) -prayogaḥ 1 usury. -2 administration of the affairs (of a state) -prāpta a. derived or understood from the sense included as a matter of course, implied; parisamāptiḥ śabdārthaḥ | parisamāptyāmarthaprāptatvādārambhasya | ŚB. on MS.6.2.13. -˚tvam Inplication. -bandhaḥ 1 arrangement of words, composition, text; stanza, verse; saṃcintya gītakṣamamarthabandham Ś.7.5; lalitārthabandham V.2.14 put or expressed in elegant words. -2. connection (of the soul) with the objects of sense. -buddhi a. selfish. -bodhaḥ indication of the (real) import. -bhāj a. entitled to a share in the division of property. -bhāvanam Deliberation over a subject (Pātañjala Yogadarśana 1.28). -bhṛt a. receiving high wages (as a servant). -bhedaḥ distinction or difference of meaning; arthabhedena śabdabhedaḥ. -mātram, -trā 1 property, wealth; Pt.2. -2 the whole sense or object. -yukta a. significant, full of yasyārthayuktaṃ meaning; girirājaśabdaṃ kurvanti Ku.1.13. -lakṣaṇa a. As determined by the purpose or need (as opposed to śabdalakṣaṇa); loke karmārthalakṣaṇam Ms.11.1.26. -lābhaḥ acquisition of wealth. -lobhaḥ avarice. -vaśaḥ power in the form of discrimination and knowledge. arthavaśāt saptarūpavinivṛttām Sāvk.65. -vādaḥ 1 declaration of any purpose. -2 affirmation, declaratory assertion, an explanatory remark, exegesis; speech or assertion having a certain object; a sentence. (It usually recommends a vidhi or precept by stating the good arising from its proper observance, and the evils arising from its omission, and also by adducing historical instances in its support; stutirnindā parakṛtiḥ purākalpa ityarthavādaḥ Gaut. Sūt.; said by Laugākṣi to be of 3 kinds :- guṇavādo virodhe syādanu vādo'vadhārite | bhūtārthavādastaddhānādartha- vādastridhā mataḥ; the last kind includes many varieties.) -3 one of the six means of finding out the tātparya (real aim and object) of any work. -4 praise, eulogy; arthavāda eṣaḥ | doṣaṃ tu me kaṃcitkathaya U.1. -vikaraṇam = artha- vikriyā change of meaning. -vikalpaḥ 1 deviation from truth, perversion of fact. -2 prevarication; also ˚vaikalpyam -vijñānam comprehending the sense, one of the six exercises of the understanding (dhīguṇa). -vid a. sensible, wise, sagacious. bhuṅkte tadapi taccānyo madhuhevārthavinmadhu Bhāg.11.18.15. vivakṣatāmarthavidastatkṣaṇapratisaṃhṛtām Śi. -vidyā knowledge of practical life; Mb.7. -vipattiḥ Failing of an aim; samīkṣyatāṃ cārthavipattimārgatām Rām.2.19.40. -vibhāvaka a. money-giver; viprebhyo'rthavibhāvakaḥ Mb.3.33.84. -viprakarṣaḥ difficulty in the comprehension of the sense. -viśeṣaṇam a reprehensive repetition of something uttered by another; S. D.490. -vṛddhiḥ f. accumulation of wealth. -vyayaḥ expenditure; ˚jña a. conversant with money-matters. -śabdau Word and sense. -śālin a. Wealthy. -śāstram 1 the science of wealth (political economy). -2 science of polity, political science, politics; arthaśāstraviśāradaṃ sudhanvānamupādhyāyam Rām.2.100.14. Dk.120; iha khalu arthaśāstrakārāstrividhāṃ siddhimupavarṇayanti Mu.3; ˚vyavahārin one dealing with politics, a politician; Mu.5. -3 science giving precepts on general conduct, the science of practical life; Pt.1. -śaucam purity or honesty in money-matters; sarveṣāṃ caiva śaucānāmarthaśaucaṃ paraṃ smṛtaṃ Ms.5.106. -śrī Great wealth. -saṃsthānam 1 accumulation of wealth. -2 treasury. -saṃgrahaḥ, -saṃcayaḥ accumulation or acquisition of wealth, treasure, property. kośenāśrayaṇīyatvamiti tasyārthasaṃgrahaḥ R.17.60. kudeśamāsādya kuto'rthasaṃcayaḥ H. -saṃgrahaḥ a book on Mīmāṁsā by Laugākṣi Bhāskara. -satattvam truth; kiṃ punaratrārthasatattvam | devā jñātumarhanti MBh. or P.VIII.3.72. -samājaḥ aggregate of causes. -samāhāraḥ 1 treasure. -2 acquisition of wealth. -saṃpad f. accomplishment of a desired object; upetya saṃgharṣa- mivārthasaṃpadaḥ Ki.1.15. -saṃpādanam Carrying out of an affair; Ms.7.168. -saṃbandhaḥ connection of the sense with the word or sentence. -saṃbandhin a. Concerned or interested in an affair; Ms.8.64. -sādhaka a. 1 accomplishing any object. -2 bringing any matter to a conclusion. -sāraḥ considerable wealth; Pt.2.42. -siddha a. understood from the very context (though not expressed in words), inferable from the connection of words. -siddhiḥ f. fulfilment of a desired object, success. dvāramivārthasiddheḥ R.2.21. -hāniḥ Loss of wealth -hārin a. stealing money Ks. -hara a. inheriting wealth. -hīna a. 1 deprived of wealth, poor. -2 unmeaning, nonsensical. -3 failing.

arthaḥ , puṃ, (artha + ghañ .) viṣayaḥ . yācñā .
dhanaṃ . kāraṇaṃ . vastu . śabdapratipādyaḥ . nivṛttiḥ .
prayojanaṃ . iti medinī .. prakāraḥ . iti hema-
candraḥ .. (dhanārthe yathā, —
“arthena balavān sarvvaḥ arthādbhavati paṇḍitaḥ” .
iti hitopadeśe . ayañca trivargasyāntargataḥ .
“kasyārthadharmmau vada pīḍayāmi
sindhostaṭāvoghaiva pravṛddhaḥ .” iti kubhārasambhave .
“tamasolakṣaṇaṃ kāmo rājasastvartha ucyate
sattvasya lakṣaṇaṃ dharmmaḥ śreṣṭhyameṣāṃ yathottaraṃ” ..
iti manuḥ . śabdapratipādyaḥ . śabdānāmabhidheyaḥ .
“vāgarthāviva saṃpṛktau vāgarthapratipattaye” .
iti radhuvaṃśe . abhidheye . alaṅkāraśāstrādau
arthastrividhaḥ, vācyo lakṣyo vyaṅgaśceti .