apa

apa ind. A particle and preposition implying

1 Inferiority, (below, worse.)

2 Privation, (from.)

3 Separation, (away from.)

4 Contrariety, (against, opposite to.)

5 Difference, (from.)

6 Dishonesty.

7 Exultation: as apakṛṣṭuṃ to revile, apaharttuṃ to take away, apakarttuṃ to do wrong, apavaktuṃ to contradict, apakīrtti infamy, &c.

E. a neg. and pa from pā to preserve.

apa prep. From, away, against.

I. apa ind. (see nipāta, upasarga, gati, karmapravacanīya) A par-

ticle implying the notion of ‘away’, in its literal and me-

taphorical acceptations; it is used either as a prefix to verbs

(and in this capacity, in the Vedas also detached from the

verb, very much in the same manner as German prepositions

when connected with verbs), or as a separable preposition,

or in the Vedas sometimes also adverbially. With nouns it

may form Tatpur., Bahuvr. and Avyayībh. compounds. [In

many instances ava (q. v.) coincides in meaning with apa

and in several also the prefix ā q. v.]

1. (as adverb in the Vedas) Away; e. g. apa dveṣo apa

hvaro'nyavratasya saścima (comm.: ‘scil. gacchatu’).

2. (as a prefix to verbs it implies the notion of) ¹ Away;

e. g. with nī ‘to lead away’; with gam ‘to go away’;

with hṛ ‘to take away, to rob’. ² Deterioration; e. g. with

kṛ ‘to act improperly, to injure’; with diś ‘to simulate’;

with vad ‘to blame’. ³ Negation, contradiction; e. g. with

lap ‘to deny’; with man ‘to behave the reverse of respect-

fully, to despise; with ci ‘to diminish’; if the base itself

implies a negative notion, the prefix apa imparts to it fre-

quently greater emphasis, e. g. with han, trap, hnu.

3. (as a separable preposition with a noun depending

on it in the ablative) ¹ Away from; e. g. yatsaṃpratyapa loke-

bhyo laṅkāyāṃ vasatirbhayāt. ² Without; e. g. apa hareḥ saṃsāraḥ

³ With the exception of; e. g. apa trigartebhyo vṛṣṭo devaḥ.

4. (in composition with nouns ^a. in Tatpur. and Bahuvr.

compounds it implies the same meanings as the prefix to

verbs, the notion of negation becoming in the Bahuvr. that

of privation; ^b. in Avyayībh. compounds: ¹ Away from;

comp. apasalavi and apadiśam, and the explan. of the

comm. ‘between’. ² Without; e. g. apaviṣṇu saṃsāraḥ. ³ With

the exception of; e. g. apatrigaṃrtaṃ vṛṣṭo devaḥ. ⁴ Negation,

contradiction; e. g. apakāmam. [As upapada before sthā,

apa has in a few derivations of this radical the influence

of changing its initial s into ṣ; see apaṣṭha, apaṣṭhu, apaṣṭhura,

apaṣṭhula.--In the Ṛgveda apa occurs in its protracted form

apā before vṛdhi, and in composition with such derivatives

of vṛ as retain the vowel ṛ of the radical, see apāvṛta,

apāvṛti.] E. unknown. See pa and the Preface.

II. apa m. (-paḥ) A sea, an ocean. E. ap taddh. aff. ac.

[Word and meaning are very doubtful; they are given on

the authority of Rāyamukuṭa, who interprets the word a-

pagā in the Amarakosha: āpaḥ santyatreti arśaādyaci apaḥ

samudraḥ taṃ gacchatīti; comp. the E. of apagā. Comp. also apavat.

--For beginners it is useful to observe that in compounds like

śuṣkāpa, vimalāpa &c., the latter part is not apa, but that such

compounds are to be analyzed into śuṣka and ap, vimala

and ap &c., the whole word receiving the samās. aff. a.]

1. apa apa. I. adv. (ved.) Away.

II. prep. with abl. Away from, with-

out (very seldom). III. combined and

compounded with verbs and their de-

rivatives. IV. former part of com-

pounded nouns and adverbs, implying:

Loss, negation, privation, wrong, bad,

unnatural. — Cf. Lat. ab. Goth. and

A.S. af.

2. 'apa -ap + a, a substitute for ap,

when latter part of a comp. word, e. g.

śuṣka-, adj. Of which the water is

dried up, Rām. 2, 72, 20.

apa apa, ind. (as a prefix to nouns and

verbs, expresses) away, off, back, (opposed to upa,

anu, sam, pra), down (opposed to ud).

When prefixed to nouns, it may sometimes = the

neg. particle a, e. g. apa-bhī, fearless; or may ex-

press deterioration, inferiority, &c., e. g. apa-pāṭha,

q. v.

(As a separable preposition or adverb, with abl.)

away from, on the outside of, without, with the ex-

ception of. It is separated only in the Vedas [cf. Gr.

ἀπό Lat. ab; Goth. af; Eng. of].

ápa, prep. away, forth, off; opp. of úpa, see √√i, kṛ. [cf. ἀπό, Lat. ab, ‘from’; Eng. off, of.]

apa ind. [na pāti rakṣati patanāt pā-ḍa Tv.]

1 (As a prefix to verbs it means) (a) Away, away from, denoting viyoga; apayāti, apanayati; (b) deterioration (vikṛti); apakaroti does wrongly or badly; (c) opposition, negation, contradiction (viparīta); apakarṣati, apacinoti; (d) direction or mention (pb) or illustration (nidarśana); apādiśati; (e) exclusion (varjana); apavah, apasṛ caus.; (f) joy, merriment or laughter (ānada); apahasati; (g) concealment or denial (caurya); apalapati, apavadate.

2 As first member of Tat. or Bahuvrīhi comp. it has all the above senses; apayānaṃ, apakarma, apapāṭhaḥ; apaśabdaḥ a bad or corrupt word; °bhī fearless; °kalmaṣa stainless; aparāgaḥ discontent (opp. to anurāga); °meghodayaṃ varṣaṃ Ku. 6. 54 &c. In most cases apa may be translated by ‘bad’, ‘inferior’, ‘corrupt,’ ‘wrong’, unworthy’ &c. It also means ‘going downwards’ as in apānaḥ.

3 As a separable preposition (with a noun in the abl.) (a) away from; yatsaṃpratyapa lokebhyo laṃkāyāṃ vasatirbhayāt Rām; (b) without, on the outside of; apa hareḥ saṃsāraḥ Sk.; (c) with the exception of, excepting; apa trigartebhyo vṛṣṭo devaḥ Sk. on the outside of, with the exception of. In these senses apa may form adverbial compounds also (P. II. 1. 12); °viṣṇu saṃsāraḥ Sk. without Viṣṇu; °trigartaṃ vṛṣṭo devaḥ excepting T. &c. It also implies negation, contradiction &c.; °kāmaṃ °śaṃkaṃ. The senses of this word as given by G. M. may be thus put in verse; varjane vikṛtau caurye viparītaviyogayoḥ . apakṛṣṭe ca nirdeśe harṣe cāpaḥ prayujyate. [cf. L. ab; Gr. apo; Goth. af. Eng. of or off; Zend apa].

ápa adv. away, off (*as prep. w. abl.).

apa ápa, ad. off, away (°-).

apa ápa, ad. off, away (°-); *prp. away from,
except (ab.).

ápa ind. (as a prefix to nouns and verbs, expresses) away, off, back (opposed to úpa, ánu, sam, pra)

down (opposed to ud).

When prefixed to nouns, it may sometimes = the neg. particle a, e.g. apa-bhī, fearless; or may express deterioration, inferiority, &c. (cf. apa-pāṭha).

(As a separable particle or adverb in Ved., with abl.) away from, on the outside of, without, with the exception of

apa [cf. Gk. ἀπό; Lat. ab; Goth. af; Eng. of].

apa ind. A particle and preposition implying.

1. Inferiority, (below,
worse.)

2. Privation, (from.)

3. Separation, (away, from.)

4. Con-
trariety, (against, opposite to.)

5. Difference, (from.)

6. Dis-
honesty.

7. Exultation: as apakṛṣṭuṃ to revile, apaharttuṃ to take away,
apakarttuṃ to do wrong, apavaktuṃ to contradict, apakīrtti infamy, &c.

E. a
neg. and pa from pā to preserve.

apa ind. [na pāti rakṣati patanāt pā-ḍa Tv.] 1 (As a prefix to verbs it means) (a) Away, away from, denoting viyoga; apayāti, apanayati; (b) deterioration (vikṛti); apakaroti does wrongly or badly; (c) opposition, negation, contradiction (viparīta); apakarṣati, apacinoti; (d) direction or mention or illustration (nidarśana); apadiśati; (e) exclusion (varjana); apavah, apasṛ Caus. (f) joy, merriment or laughter (ānanda); apahasati; (g) concealment or denial (caurya); apalapati, apavadate. -2 As first member of Tat. or Bahuvrīhi comp. it has all the above senses; apayānam, apakarma, apapāṭhaḥ; apaśabdaḥ a bad or corrupt word; ˚bhī fearless; ˚kalmaṣa stainless; aparāgaḥ discontent (opp. to anurāga); ˚meghodayaṃ varṣam Ku.6.54 &c. In most cases apa may be translated by 'bad', 'inferior', 'corrupt', 'wrong', 'unworthy', &c. It also means 'going downwards' as in apānaḥ. -3 As a separable preposition (with a noun in the abl.) (a) away from; yatsaṃpratyapa lokebhyo laṅkāyāṃ vasatirbhayāt Rām; (b) without, on the outside of; apa hareḥ saṃsāraḥ Sk.; (c) with the exception of, excepting; apa trigartebhyo vṛṣṭo devaḥ Sk. on the outside of, with the exception of. In these senses apa may form adverbial compounds also (P.II.1.12); ˚viṣṇu saṃsāraḥ Sk. without Viṣṇu; ˚trigartaṃ vṛṣṭo devaḥ excepting trigarta &c. It also implies negation, contradiction &c.; ˚kāmam, ˚śaṅkam. The senses of this word as given by G. M. may be thus put in verse; varjane vikṛtau caurye viparītaviyogayoḥ | apakṛṣṭe ca nirdeśe harṣe cāpaḥ prayujyate. [cf. L. ab; Gr. apo; Goth. af. Eng. of or off; Zend apa].

apa apa, pfx. inséparable. De, séparément, hors de. [Tous les emplois de apa peuvent se ramener à l'idée de séparation.] Gr. ; lat. ab; goth. af; angl. of.

1 apa préf. marquant écart, privation, absence, infériorité.

2 apa- ifc. = ap-.

1. ápa ἀπό, lat. ab, goth. af, оу. Nipāta, Upasarga ( NIR. 1, 3.), Gati und Karmapravacanīya P. 1, 4, 58 - 60. gaṇa prādi; VOP. 1, 8.

1) adv.

a) weg, fort, ab —; zurück; Gegensatz upa (apakar und upakar, apacaya und upacaya, apagam und upagam, apāya und upāya), abhi (apagara und abhigara), samā (apagama und samāgama), anu (aparāga und anurāga, apavrata und anuvrata), pra (apasalavi und prasa°, apāñc und prāñc, apāna und prāṇa). Erscheint in Verbindung mit einer grossen Anzahl von Verbalwurzeln. Vor einem nom. fällt apa nicht selten in der Bedeutung mit dem negirenden a zusammen; vgl. apabhaya, apabhī, apaśiras, apaśīrṣa u. s. w. Selbständig findet sich das adv. apa nur im Veda, so z. B. ṚV. 9, 105, 6 : sanêmì tvamasmàdām̐ adêvàṃ kaṃ cîdàtriṇâm . sā̀hvām̐ îndò parì bādhò apâ dvàyum .

— b) wie ab und auf sich entgegenstehen, so auch apa und ud, z. B. apakarṣa, und utkarṣa, apakarṣaṇa und utkarṣaṇa, apakṛṣṭa und utkṛṣṭa, apāñc (in der Bedeut. südlich) und udañc . Auch in apatya ist dieselbe Bedeutung wahrzunehmen. Auf diese Weise berühren sich namentlich in der spätern Sprache apa und ava, die in beiden Bedeut. häufig mit einander verwechselt werden. Das slav. оу entspricht sowohl apa als ava .

— 2) praep.

a) von - weg, mit dem abl.; vgl. kram, gam u. s. w. mit apa .

— b) von - weg, ausserhalb, mit Ausnahme von, mit dem abl. P. 1, 4, 88. 2, 3, 10. apa trigartebhyo vṛṣṭo devaḥ ausserhalb Trig. hat es geregnet, d. i. in der Umgegend von Trig., aber nicht in Trig. selbst, Sch. Verbindet sich mit dem regierten Worte auch zu einem adv. comp. P. 2, 1, 12. und behauptet in demselben seinen ursprünglichen Accent 6, 2, 33. ápatrigartaṃ vṛṣṭo devaḥ Sch. — MED. avy. 46. 47. werden apa mit Berücksichtigung der übertragenen Bedeutungen einer mit apa verbundenen Verbalwurzel folgende Bedeutungen zugetheilt:

a) apakṛṣṭe,

b) varjane,

c) viyoge,

d) viparyaye,

e) vikṛtau,

f) caurye,

g) nirdeśe,

h) harṣe .

2. apa am Ende einiger adj. compp. = ap Wasser: śuṣkāpa iva sāgaraḥ R. 2, 72, 20. vimalāpaṃ saraḥ VOP. 6, 69. Vgl. anapa und apavant .

ápa, ab, fort, hinweg [Cu. 330], als Richtungswort zu Verben gefügt, seltener mit Nomen zusammengesetzt, auch verdoppelt ({388,3}) oder mit u zu ápo verbunden ({402,2}; {914,12}). Mit: ac, aj, an, ar, as, i, īṣ, 1. ūh, kṛ, kram, 2. gir, gur, guh, ci, cyu, tras, dar, das, drā, dham, 1. dhā, nam, nud, paj, par, pruth, bhaj, bhid, bhū, bhṛ, myakṣ, mluc, 2. yu, 1. rudh, vadh, 1. vas, 3. vā, vī, vṛj, vṛt, vyadh, vyā, śuc, śnath, śri, sac, sidh, sū, sṛ, sthā, spṛ, sphur, han, 1. hā.

1. ápa Adv.

— 1) ab , fort , weg (Gegens. upa) in Verbindung mit Verben und Substantiven. *praep. mit Abl. von — weg , mit Ausschluss von.

— 2) hinab ( = ava und im Gegens. zu ud).

2. °apa = ^3. ap.

ápa Adv. fort, weg, (bes. °—); *Praep. von weg, außer (Abl.)

apa Praep. praef. ab, de (gr. lat. ab, goth. af, angl.

of, germ. vet. af-tar post cum suff. compar. - v. gr. comp.

294. - goth. af-tarô retro, a tergo; cf. etiam lith. apaia

pars inferior, apaioj infra, apatinnis inferior; huc

etiam retulerim slav. insep. o de, abjecto p).

apa avya0 na pāti pā—ḍa . viyoge vikṛtau, viparīte,
nidarśane, ānande, varjjane, cauryye ca . “apa—viyoga
vikṛti—viparīta—nidarśanānanda—varjjana—cauryya—vāraṇeṣu” iti
ga0 ma0 . viyoge “apayāti “satve niviśate'paitīti” pā0
bhā0 . “bhītyā rāmādapāsarat? . vikṛtau, apakṛtaḥ apa-
cayaḥ” viparīte, apaśabdaḥ “taeva śaktivaikalyapramādālasatā-
dibhiḥ . anyathoccāritāḥ śabdā apaśabdā itīritā”
iti haryyukteḥ sādhuśabdānāṃ vaiparītyenīccāraṇaevāpaśabda-
tvasya paribhāṣitatvādasya viparītaśabdatvam . nidarśane nideśe
apadiśati . ānande apahasati, varjane “apaparī varjane”
iti pā0 ukteḥ karmmapravacanīyasaṃjñā tadyoge pañcamī . apa
trigarttāt vṛṣṭodevaḥ . cauryye apaharati . vāraṇeapavarttayati
“samena kenāpavarttyeti” līlā0 . apakarṣe apakarmma .
adhaḥ pradeśe, ca apāṅa apānaḥ . adhogatimānityarthaḥ .

apa , vya, (na pāti, na + pā + ḍa “cādayo'sattve”
iti nipātasaṃjñayā svarādinipātamavyayamiti
avyayam .) upasargaviśeṣaḥ . asyārthaḥ . anādaraḥ .
bhraṃśaḥ . asākalyaṃ . vairūpyaṃ . tyāgaḥ . nañarthaḥ .
iti durgādāsaḥ .. apakṛṣṭārthaḥ . varjjanārthaḥ .
viyogaḥ . viparyyayaḥ . vikṛtiḥ . cauryyaṃ . nirddeśaḥ .
harṣaḥ . iti medinī ..