akṣa

akṣa r. 1st and 3d cl. (akṣati akṣṇoti)

1 To reach or obtain.

2 To pervade.

3 To accumulate.

akṣa m. (-kṣaḥ)

1 A die, cubic or oblong, for playing with.

2 Part of a car.

3 A wheel.

4 A car.

5 A snake.

6 Law suit, legal proceedings.

7 Sacred knowledge.

8 The soul.

9 A seed of which Rosaries are made, in which sense it occurs mostly in composition, as, Rudrākṣa, Indrākṣa.

10 A Karṣa or weight of sixteen māṣas.

11 A tree bearing a medicinal fruit. (Terminalia belerica.)

12 A proper name. the son of RĀVAṆA.

13 A name of GARUḌA.

14 A person born blind.

15 Terrestrial latitude. n. (-kṣaṃ)

1 An organ of sense.

2 Sea salt.

3 Blue vitriol.

E. aśu to pervade, Uṇādi affix sa.

akṣa (kṣaḥ) 1. m. A die; a whell; a
seed; law; n. an organ of sense.

akṣa I. m. (-kṣaḥ) ¹ A die, cubic or oblong, for playing with.

² Beleric myrobalan (Terminalia belerica), a tree bearing

a medicinal fruit, which is used also as a die. ³ A plant

(Elaeocarpus Ganitrus). ⁴ The seed of this plant of which

rosaries are made. In this sense it mostly occurs in com-

position, as Rudrākṣa, Indrākṣa qq. vv. ⁵ The name of

a weight, a Karsha or sixteen māṣas.

II. m. (-kṣaḥ) ¹ A wheel. ² The axle of a wheel. ³ A car.

⁴ A snake. ⁵ A name of Garuḍa. ⁶ A proper name, be-

longing to several persons, as to the son of Rāvaṇa, to a

prince, son of Nara &c. ⁷ Terrestrial latitude. ⁸ The string

that supports the two shafts of the handle of a balance in

which the axis of the beam is lodged. ⁹ The lower part

of the temples.

III. n. (-kṣam) ¹ An eye. ² An organ of sense. ³ Any

thing perceptible by the senses. ⁴ Sochal salt. ⁵ Blue vitriol.

IV. Tatpur. m. (-kṣaḥ) ¹ The soul. ² Knowledge, especially

sacred knowledge. ³ Law suit, legal procedings.

V. m. (-kṣaḥ) A person born blind.

VI. (In ¹ Bahuvrīhi and ² Avyayībhāva compositions as a

substitute for akṣi, samāsta aff. ¹ ṣac and ² ṭac) An eye.

E. akṣa ‘die’ is stated to be derived from aś, uṇ. aff. sa.

For the etymology of this word see the Preface.

1. akṣa akṣa, probably from a lost

vb. akṣ, corresponding to in

I. n. 1. The eye; particularly

as latter part of comp. adj., f. kṣī. 2.

An organ of sense, Pañc. ii, d. 164.

II. m. 1. A die, Man. 4, 74. 2. The

name of a plant, Terminalia Bellerica,

of which the nuts are used as dice, and

the seed for making rosaries. — Comp.

Kamala-patra-, adj., f. kṣī, adj. hav-

ing eyes like lotus-leaves. Kūṭa-, m. a

false die. Jāla-, m. a lattice window.

Tāmra-, adj. red-eyed. Tāraka-, 1. adj.

having stars for eyes. 2. m. a proper

name. Tryakṣa, i. e. tri-, I. adj. having

three eyes. II. m. a name of Rudra-

Śiva, and of a demon. Daśākṣa, i. e.

daśan-, m. the name of a spell or

charm Padma-, adj. lotus-eyed.

Puṇḍarīka-, m. a name of Viṣṇu.

Puṣkara-, adj. lotus-eyed. Manda-,

n. modesty. Lohita-, adj. red-eyed.

Sahasra-, I. adj. thousand-eyed. II. m.

a name of Indra. Su-, adj. 1. hand-

some-eyed. 2. acute. — Cf.

Lat. oculus; and see akṣi.

2. akṣa akṣa, probably akin to aj,

m. 1. The axle of a wheel. 2. A

wheel. 3. A car. — Comp. Eka-, adj.

having one axle. — Cf. O.H.G.

ahsa; A.S. eax; Lat. axis.

akṣa 1 . akṣa, as, m. (fr. rt. 1. aś or aj?),

an axle, axis, pivot, (in this sense also am, n.); a

wheel, car, cart; pole of a car; the beam of a balance

or string which holds the pivot of the beam; a snake;

terrestrial latitude; the lower part of the temples

[cf. Lat. axis; Gr. ἄξων Old Germ. ahsa; Mod.

Germ. Achse; Lith. assis]. —Akṣa-karṇa, as, m.

the hypotenuse, especially of the triangle formed with

the gnomon of a dial and its shadow; (in astronomy)

argument of the latitude. —Akṣa-ja, as, m. a dia-

mond; a thunderbolt; a N. of Viṣṇu. —Akṣa-dhur,

ūr, f. the yoke attached to the fore part of the pole of

a car. —Akṣa-dhūrtila, as, m. a bull, an ox, i. e.

yoked to the pole of a cart. —Akṣa-pīḍā, f.,

N. of a plant. —Akṣa-bhāga, as, m. a degree of

latitude. —Akṣa-bhāra, as, m. cart-load, carriage-

load. —Akṣāṃsa (°ṣa-aṃ°), as, m. a degree of

latitude. —Akṣāgra (°ṣa-ag°), am, n. the end of

an axle; the anterior end of the pole of a car; an

axle. —Akṣāgra-kīla or -kīlaka, as, m. a linch-

pin; the pin which fastens the yoke to the pole.

—Akṣā-nah, t, t, t, Ved. tied to a cart or its pole.

akṣa 2 . akṣa, as, m. (said to be from rt. 1.

aś, a die for playing with; a cube; a seed of which

rosaries are made (in compound words, like Indrā-

kṣa, Rudrākṣa); a shrub producing that seed (Eleo-

carpus Ganitrus); a weight called karṣa, equal to 16

māṣas; Beleric Myrobalan (Terminalia Belerica), the

seed of which is used as a die; (am), n. sochal salt;

blue vitriol (from its crystallized shape). —Akṣa-

kuśala, as, ā, am, skilled in dice. —Akṣa-glaha,

as, m. gambling, playing at dice. —Akṣa-jña, as, ā,

am, skilled in gambling. —Akṣa-tattva, am, n.

science of dice. —Akṣatattva-vid, t, t, t, skilled in

the principles of gambling. —Akṣa-devana, am,

n. gambling, dice-playing. —Akṣa-devin, ī, m. a

gamester. —Akṣa-dyū, ūs, m. a gambler, a dice-

player. —Akṣa-dyūta, as, m. a gambler, a dice-

player; (am), n. gambling. —Akṣa-dyūtika, am,

n. dispute at play. —Akṣa-drugdha, as, ā, am,

hated by, i. e. unlucky at dice. —Akṣa-dhara, as, ā

or ī, am, one who has dice; (as), m. a plant, Trophis

Aspera; see sākhota. —Akṣa-dhūrta, as, m. a game-

ster, a gambler, i. e. a dice-rogue. —Akṣa-naipuṇa or

-naipuṇya, am, n. skill in gambling. —Akṣa-parā-

jaya, as, m. loss in gambling. —Akṣa-pāta, as, m.

cast of dice. —Akṣa-pātana, am, n. act of casting dice.

—Akṣa-priya, as, ā, am, fond of dice, or (perhaps)

favoured by the dice, lucky. —Akṣa-mada, as, m.

intoxicating passion for dice. —Akṣa-mātra, am, n.

dice, anything as big as dice; the twinkling of an eye, a

moment of time. —Akṣa-mālā, f. a rosary, a string

or necklace of beads, especially of the seeds of the

Eleocarpus; a N. of Arunḍhatī, wife of Vasiṣṭha,

from her wearing a rosary; (as, ā, am), or akṣa-

mālin, ī, inī, i, wearing a rosary of seeds. —Akṣa-

rāja, as, m. the king of dice, the die called Kali.

—Akṣa-vat, ān, atī, at, having dice, relating to

dice, gambling; (tī), f. a game of dice. —Akṣa-

vāma, as, m. an unfair gambler. —1. akṣa-vid,

t, t, t, skilful in gambling. —Akṣa-vṛtta, as, ā, am,

what has occurred in gambling. —Akṣa-śauṇḍa, as,

ā, am, fond of gambling. —Akṣa-sūtra, am, n. a

string or rosary of Eleocarpus seeds. —Akṣa-stuṣa,

as, m. Beleric Myrobalan. —Akṣa-hṛdaya, am, n.

innermost nature of dice, perfect skill in gambling.

—Akṣahṛdaya-jña, as, ā, am, perfectly skilled in

gambling. —Akṣāvapana (°ṣa-āv°), am, n. a dice-

beard. —Akṣāvāpa or akṣātivāpa (°ṣa-at°),

as, m. the keeper of the dice, or of a gambling table.

akṣa 3 . akṣa, am, n. (fr. rt. 1. aś?), an organ

of sense, an object of sense; (as), m. the soul; know-

ledge, religious knowledge; the law; a lawsuit;

a person born blind; N. of Garuḍa, of a son of

Rāvaṇa, of a son of Nara, &c. —Akṣa-darśaka, as,

m. a judge, i. e. one who sees lawsuits; also akṣa-

dṛś, k. —Akṣa-paṭala, am, n. court of law; de-

pository of legal document. —Akṣa-pāṭa, as, m. an

arena, a wrestling ground, place of contest. —Akṣa-

pāṭaka or akṣa-pāṭika, as, m. a judge, i. e. ar-

ranger of a lawsuit. —Akṣa-pāda, as, m. a follower

of the Nyāya or logical system of philosophy; N. of

the Ṛṣi Gotama. —Akṣa-vāṭa, see akṣa-pāṭa.

— 2. akṣa-vid, t, t, t, versed in law.

akṣa 4 . akṣa, am, n. the eye, especially

substituted for akṣi at the end of adjective com-

pounds, the fem. being akṣī [cf. Gr. ὄσσο, ὄκκο

for ὄξο Lat. oculus; Germ. Auge; Russ. òko].

2. akṣa; add — the collar-bone (Ved.); a mesh

(of a net).

1akṣá, n. for akṣán at end of cpds [1315a].

2akṣá, m. a die for playing. [named, perhaps, from its ‘eyes’ (1akṣá) or ‘spots.’]

ákṣa, m. axle. [cf. ἄξων, Lat. axis, AS. eax, Eng. axe (i. e. ‘axle’), and axle.]

akṣa pp. aṣṭa reach, obtain.

1 akṣá m. die for playing; pl. game at dice.

2 ákṣa m. axle.

3 akṣa (adj. —° f. ī) = akṣán.

akṣa akṣá, m. die for playing.

akṣa ákṣa, m. axle; bone of the temples.

akṣa akṣa, m. n. organ of sense: -° =
ákṣi, eye.

akṣa akṣa, m. -kṣapaṇa, -ka, m. N. of
a gambler.

1. ákṣa m. an axle, axis (in this sense also n., L.)

a wheel, car, cart

the beam of a balance or string which holds the pivot of the beam

a snake, L.

terrestrial latitude (cf. -karṇa, -bhā, -bhāga)

the collar-bone, ŚBr.

the temporal bone, Yājñ.

N. of a measure (= 104 aṅgula);

1. (also) a chariot, Dharmaś.

akṣa [cf. Lat. axis; Gk. ἄξων; Old Germ. ahsa; Mod. Germ. Achse; Lith. assis.]

2. akṣá m. (√ 1. aś, Uṇ.) a die for gambling

a cube

a seed of which rosaries are made (cf. indrākṣa, rudrākṣa)

the Elaeocarpus Ganitrus, producing that seed

a weight called karṣa, equal to 16 māṣas

Beleric Myrobalan (Terminalia Belerica), the seed of which is used as a die

a N. of the number 5

akṣá n. sochal salt

blue vitriol (from its cube-like crystals), L.

3. akṣa n. an organ of sense

sensual perception, L.

akṣa m. the soul, L.

knowledge, religious knowledge, L.

a lawsuit, L.

a person born blind, L.

N. of Garuḍa, L.

of a son of Rāvaṇa

of a son of Nara, &c.

akṣa 4a, akṣa-caraṇa, &c. See col. 3.

4. akṣa n. [only ifc. (f(ī). ) for akṣi], the eye.

akṣa

r. 1st and 3d cl. (akṣati akṣṇati)

1. To reach or obtain.

2. To
pervade.

3. To accumulate.

akṣa

m. (-kṣaḥ)

1. A die, cubic or oblong, for playing with.

2. Part of a
car.

3. A wheel.

4. A car.

5. A snake.

6. Law suit, legal proceedings
7. Sacred knowledge,

8. The soul.

9. A seed of which Rosaries are
made, in which sense it occurs mostly in composition, as, Rud-
raksha, Indraksha. 10, A Karsha or weight of sixteen mashas.

11.
A tree bearing a medicinal fruit. (Terminalia belerica.)

12. A
proper name, the son of RAVANA.

13. A name of GADURA.

14. A
person born blind.

15. Terrestrial latitude.

n. (-kṣaṃ)

1. An organ of
sense.

2. Sea, salt.

3. Blue vitriol

E. aśu to pervade, Unadi affix sa.

akṣa akṣa m. primitivt. tout objet circulaire ou tournant:

roue, et par extchar; gr. ; lat. axis; germ. achse.

Osselet, dé oblong, puis cubique;

grain de chapelet de l'elœocarpus; terminalia belerica, bot.

Esp. de serpent;

surnom de garuḍa.

Au fig. connaissance, savoir; connaissance d'un procès.

À la fin des composés, akṣa s'emploie pour akṣi, œil. A ce sens se rapporte celui de aveugle-né.

1 akṣa- m. dé (à jouer); n. d'une plante (Terminalia Bellerica).

°kitava- m. joueur (de dés).

°kūṭa- nt. tricherie aux dés.

°kṣapaṇa- m. n. d'un joueur.

°glaha- m. lancement des dés.

°devitṛ- ag. joueur de dés; °devin- °dhūrta- m. id.

°dyūta- nt. jeu de dés.

°bhūmi- f. place pour jouer aux dés.

°mada- m. passion au jeu de dés.

°mālā- f. rosaire (fait avec les grains d'une plante); Arundhatī; -ikā- rosaire; -in- m. Śiva.

°valaya- nt. rosaire; -in- a. qui porte un rosaire.

°sūtra- nt. id.

°hṛdaya- nt. secret au jeu de dés ou adresse extrême à ce jeu.

akṣātivāpa- m. surveillant du jeu (?).

akṣāvalī- f. rosaire.

2 akṣa- m. essieu de voiture; maille; n. d'un homme.

3 akṣa- v. akṣi-; m. nt. organe des sens.

1. akṣá m. Würfel zum Spielen ŚĀNT. 2, 12. P. 6, 2, 2, Sch. UṆ. 3, 65. AK. 2, 10, 45. 3, 4, 224. H. 486. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 2. HĀR. 171. pīvā̂naṃ mèṣamâpacanta vī̀rā nyûptā àkṣā anû dī̀va ā̂san ṚV. 10, 27, 17. [Footnote] * ṚV. 10, 34. enthält das sogenannte Würfellied (akṣasūkta NIR. 7, 3.), in welchem ein Spieler seine Leidenschaft ergreifend schildert. àkṣām̐ îva śvàghnī ni mînotì tānî (varuṇaḥ) AV. 4, 16, 5. yā àkṣeṣù pràmodânte (apsarasaḥ) 4, 38, 3. àkṣeṣû kṛ̀tyāṃ yāṃ càkruḥ 5, 31, 6. yathā̂ vṛ̀kṣamàśanîrvìśvāhā̀ hatnyâpràti . èvāhamàdya kîtàvām̐ àkṣairbâdhyāsamapràti .. 7, 50, 1. akṣā̀ḥ phalâvatī̀ṃ dyuvâṃ dàtta gāṃ kṣī̀riṇī̂miva . saṃ mā̂ kṛ̀tasyà dhārâyā̀ dhanùḥ snāvnêva nahyata .. 7, 50, 9. ìdamùgrāyâ bàbhravè namò yo àkṣeṣûtanūvàśī . ghṛ̀tenà kalîṃ śikṣāmì sa nô mṛḍātī̀dṛśê 7, 110, 1. M. 4, 74. 7, 47. 50. Ueber die Anwendung von 5 Würfeln beim Opfer s. KĀTY. zu VS. 10, 28. Vgl. auch noch ákṣa 7. 8. SĀYAṆA zu ŚAT. BR. 5, 4, 1, 6. in Ind. St. I, 285, N. und ROTH in Z. d. d. m. G. II, 122.

2. ákṣa m. ŚĀNT. 2, 12.

1) Achse am Wagen P. 5, 4, 74. H. an. 2, 556 (rathasyāvayave). VAIJ. beim Sch. zu ŚIŚ. 12, 2. (akṣaścakradhāraṇe) und zu 18, 7. (akṣaṃ [sic] rathāṅga ādhāre). akṣàṃ na càkryôḥ ṚV. 1, 30, 14. 6, 24, 3. yo akṣêṇeva càkriyā̀ śacī̂bhìrviṣvâktàstambhâ pṛthìvīmùta dyām 10, 89, 4. akṣô vaścàkrā sàmayā̀ vi vā̂vṛte 1, 166, 9. sthìrau gāvaû bhavataṃ vī̀ḻurakṣò meṣā vi vârhì mā yùgaṃ vi śā̂ri 3, 53, 17. akṣabhaṅge M. 8, 291. dṛḍhadhūrakṣaḥ P. 5, 4, 74, Sch. akṣadhūḥ VOP. 6, 73. ŚIŚ. 18, 7. Vgl. akṣāgrakīla und akṣāgrakīlaka .

— 2) Rad AK. 3, 4, 224. MED. ṣ. 3.

— 3) Karren H. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 2.

— 4) eine auf zwei Pfosten ruhende Platte (paṭṭa), an die eine Wage gehängt wird(?): akṣaḥ pādastambhayorupari niviṣṭatulādhārapaṭṭaḥ MIT. 146, 1.

— 5) Auge in übertragener Bedeutung am Ende einiger Composita: puṣkarākṣaḥ P. 5, 4, 76, Sch. gavākṣaḥ ibid. und VOP. 6, 77. Vgl. akṣa n., akṣan und akṣi .

— 6) die Gegend unterhalb der Schläfen YĀJÑ. 3, 87. (VIJÑĀNEŚVARA: akṣaḥ karṇanetrayormadhye śaṅkhādadhobhāgaḥ).

— 7) Name einer Pflanze, Terminalia Bellerica, AK. 2, 4, 2, 39. 3, 4, 224. H. 1145. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 3. Suśr. Die Synonyme kali und vibhīdaka (vibhītaka) bedeuten gleichfalls Würfel (ákṣa), da dazu die Nüsse der Terminalia Bellerica gebraucht wurden; vgl. ROTH in Z. d. d. m. G. II, 123.

— 8) die Nuss der Terminalia Bellerica: yathā vai dve vāmalake dve vā kole dvau vākṣau (Sch. = vibhītakaphale) muṣṭiranubhavati CHĀND. UP. 7, 3, 1. dhārābhirakṣamātrābhiḥ ARJ. 8, 4. [Footnote] *Diese und die vorhergehende Bedeutung, die, wie wir auch oben angedeutet haben, in der innigsten Verbindung mit akṣa Würfel stehen, haben wir des Accents wegen hierher gezogen. ŚĀNT. 2, 12. heisst es nämlich, dass akṣa, wenn es nicht Würfel bedeute, den Ton auf der ersten Silbe habe.

— 9) Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Suśr.

— 10) der Saame dieser Pflanze, der zu Rosenkränzen gebraucht wird (rudrākṣe) MED. ṣ. 3; vgl. akṣamālā .

— 11) der Saame einer anderen Pflanze (indrākṣe) MED. ṣ. 3.

— 12) Name eines Gewichts, ein karṣa = 16 māṣaka AK. 2, 9, 86. 3, 4, 224. H. 884. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 3.

— 13) Schlange MED. ṣ. 3.

— 14) Garuḍa, ŚABDAR. im ŚKDR.

— 15) Process AK. 3, 4, 224. H. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 2. Vgl. akṣadarśaka, akṣadṛś, akṣapaṭala, akṣapāṭaka .

— 16) Kenntniss H. an. 2, 556. (jñāne) MED. ṣ. 2. (wenn jñānārtha st. jñātārtha zu lesen ist, dann müsste noch artha als besondere Bedeutung aufgeführt werden; vgl. 8° affaire, transaction bei LOIS. zu AK. 3, 4, 224).

— 17) Seele H. an. 2, 556.

— 18) ein Blindgeborner ŚABDAR. im ŚKDR. (jātāndha, vielleicht ein verlesenes jñānārtha, von dem oben u. 16. die Rede war).

— 19) Nom. pr. eines Mannes, Rāvaṇa's Sohn H. 2, 556. R. 1, 1, 73. RAGH. 12, 63. ein König, Sohn Nara's RĀJA-TAR. 1, 340.

— 20) Zur astronomischen Bedeutung von akṣa (terrestrial latitude, WILS.) vgl. folgende Citate im ŚKDR. : candrāśvinighnā palabhārddhitā ca laṅkāvadhiḥ syādiha dakṣiṇo 'kṣaḥ . iti bhāsvatī . prabhā śaraghnā svaturīyayogādakṣaḥ sadā dakṣiṇadikpradiṣṭaḥ . iti jātakārṇavaḥ . dakṣiṇottararekhāyāṃ sā tatra viṣuvatprabhā śaṅkucchāyāhate trijye viṣuvatkarṇabhājite . lambākṣajye tayoścāpe lambākṣau dakṣiṇau sadā . iti sūryasiddhāntaḥ .

3. akṣa n.

1) Sinnesorgan AK. 3, 4, 223. H. 1383. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 3.

— 2) Auge AK. 2, 6, 2, 44, Sch. ehî jī̀vaṃ trāyâmāṇàṃ parvâtasyāsyakṣâm (?) AV. 4, 9, 1 (das āñjanam wird angeredet). Am Ende eines adj. Compositums steht regelmässig akṣa statt akṣi . Der Ton ruht auf der Endsilbe und das f. geht auf ī aus, P. 5, 4, 113. VOP. 6, 18. 65. abhinaddhākṣa CHĀND. UP. 6, 14, 1. viśālākṣaḥ R. 1, 1, 13. lohitākṣaḥ M. 7, 25. aśrupūrṇākṣī N. 12, 75. Am Ende eines adverbialen Compositums ruht der Ton auf der 1sten Silbe von akṣa P. 6, 2, 121. Vgl. 2. ákṣa 5, akṣan und akṣi .

— 3) Sochal-Salz AK. 2, 9, 43. H. 943. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 3.

— 4) blauer Vitriol H. an. 2, 556. MED. ṣ. 3.

— 5) Achse beim Wagen Vaij. beim Sch. zu ŚIŚ. 18, 7; vgl. 2. ákṣa 1.

1. akṣá Z. 5 lies 4, 38, 4; Z. 9 lies 7, 109, 1. Würfel so v. a. Würfelspiel HALĀY. 2, 233. 5, 66. Bez. der Zahl fünf WEBER, JYOT. 101.

2. ákṣa

1) R. 5, 41, 28. 6, 86, 4 (svakṣa) . BHĀG. P. 5, 21, 14. °bhaṅga GOBH. 2, 4, 3. M. 8, 291. °bheda Ind. St. 5, 353.

— 5) akṣau PĀR. GṚHY. 2, 6. ŚĀṄKH. ŚR. 8, 11, 12.

— 7) MBH. 3, 12361. BHĀG. P. 8, 2, 13.

— 12) n. Verz. d. Oxf. 307,b,4.

— 15) = nyāya HALĀY. 2, 274. = ācāra 5, 66.

— 19) streiche ṚV. 8, 46, 26 und füge nach R. 1, 1, 73 hinzu 5, 42.

— 20) vgl. nirakṣa .

— 21) Schlüsselbein ŚAT. BR. 10, 2, 6, 14.

— 22) Masche: kṣudrākṣa (jāla) Spr. 3999. kṣudrekṣa v.l.

3. akṣa

1) n. Spr. 1604. m.: niyacchedviṣayebhyo 'kṣān BHĀG. P. 2, 1, 18.

2. akṣa

20) SŪRYAS. 3, 14. 16. fg. 20. 25. fg. 4, 24. 5, 1. 4. 10, 7. 12, 44.

1. akṣá, m., der Würfel zum Spielen, wahrscheinlich zu ákṣi, ákṣan (Auge) gehörig, indem er nach den Würfelaugen benannt scheint.

-ás {860,4} (vājī́).

-ásya {860,2} (ekaparásya).

-ā́s {853,17} (níuptās).

-ā́sas {860,6}. 7 (aṅkuśínas nitodínas).

-aís {860,13} (mā́ dīvyas).

2. akṣá, Auge, in Zusammensetzung mit an-, bhūri-, ṣaḍ-, catur-, sahasra-, hiraṇya-, so wie auch in ádhy-axa oder ádhi-akṣa; siehe ákṣi.

ákṣa, m., Achse am Wagen. Die genaue Uebereinstimmung in der Form mit akṣa, Auge (s. das folgende und vgl. ákṣi, Auge mit lat. axi-s) lässt noch immer die von Benfey (S. V. glo.) angegebene Erklärung, wonach die durch das Rad gesteckte Achse als Auge des Rades aufgefasst wurde, als die wahrscheinlichste erscheinen. Vgl. die Genetiven ráthasya, cakríos und die Zusammensetzung sam-akṣá.

-a [V.] {287,19} (vīḍo vīḍita).

-as {164,13}; {166,9}; {287,17}; {465,3}; {625,29}; {911,12} (ā́hatas).

-am {30,14. 15}; {549,4}.

-ena {915,4} (neben cakríyā).

-e [L.] {666,27} (araṭvé).

1. akṣá m.

— 1) Würfel 224,7.

— 2) *Würfelspiel.

— 3) Bez. der Zahl fünf.

— 4) Terminalia Bellerica (die Pflanze und die Nuss).

— 5) *der Same von Elacocarpus Ganitrus u. einer anderen Pflanze.

— 6) auch n. ein best. Gewicht — karṣa.

2. ákṣa m.

— 1) Wagenachse.

— 2) das auf zwei Stützen ruhende Querstück , and welches eine Wage gehängt wird.

— 3) Schlüsselbein.

— 4) Schläfebein.

— 5) geographische Breite.

— 6) ein best. Längenmaass , = 104 Aṅgula ŚULBAS. 1,11.

— 7) *Rad.

— 8) *Karren.

3. akṣa

— 1) m. n. Sinnesorgan.

— 2) am Ende eines adj. Comp. (f. ī) = akṣi

— a) Auge 163,2. 174,5. 175,25. 184,1. 186,6.

— b) Masche.

— 3) m. Seele Ind. St. 14,382.

4. akṣa m. N.pr. verschiedener Männer.

5. *akṣa m.

— 1) Schlange.

— 2) Bein. Garuḍa's.

— 3) Process.

— 4) Kenntniss.

— 5) ein Blindgeborener.

6. *akṣa n.

— 1) Sochalsalz.

— 2) blauer Vitriol.

1. akṣá m. Würfel.

2. ákṣa m. Achese.

3. akṣa m. (adj. —° f. ri) = akṣi

2. akṣa 7. vgl. Zach. Beitr.

— Wagen, Dharmaśarm. 3, 35.

3. akṣa 1. n. auch: sinnliche Wahrnehmung, Nyāyam. 1, 1, 17.

5. *akṣa m. Schlange, Manm. IV, 16^b.

— °conduct, Vās. 72, 3.

*

akṣa m. (v. īkṣ videre) 1) oculus, in fine compositorum

pro akṣi -- v. gr. 681. -- e. c. piṅgākṣa q. v. (gr.

OKKO per assimilationem ex lat. ocu-

lus abjecto s, goth. augô -- Th. augan -- contra legem

quâ plerumque tenues in aspiratas sunt conversae, quam

ob rem auhô exspectaveris, cujus au ex vi euphonica lit-

terae h explicari posset, ita ut genuinum a in u sit atte-

nuatum ^(*) -- sicut e. c. in lith. ugni-s = agni ignis--

vocali u vero, propter sequens h, a euphonicum sit

praefixum; russ. v. akṣi). 2) talus. N. 7. 5. 3) rota

(cf. lat. axis = akṣi q. v.; gr. = akṣan q. v.;

germ. vet. ahsa, nostrum Achse; lith. afzis ejecto k, fz

= ṣ). 4) currus. 5) secundum Wils. a kind of seed

used for rosaries (Eloeocarpus). 6) dica, lis.

[Footnote] (*) V. librum meum “Vocalismus” p. 227. n. 16.

akṣa;
akṣo durodaraṃ proktaṃ sabhiko dyūtakārakaḥ .. 388 ..
2.1.1.388

akṣa;
prāḍvivāko'kṣadṛk stheyo nyāyo'kṣa iti kathyate .
2.1.1.429

akṣa;
khamakṣamindriyaṃ sroto hṛṣīkaṃ karaṇaṃ smṛtam .. 535 ..
2.1.1.535

akṣa;
kalirakṣo vibhītaḥ syāttritayaṃ triphalā smṛtā .. 618 ..
2.1.1.618

akṣa;
dyūtākṣasāriphalakāstrayo'pyākarṣasaṃjñakāḥ .
5.1.1.845

akṣa;
ācāre nayanādau dyūtaviśeṣe tathā rathāvayave .
akṣaṃ vibhītake'pi prayuñjate pañcasu prājñāḥ .. 852 ..
5.1.1.852

akṣa vyāptau saṃhatau ca bhvā0 pa0 veṭ . akṣati akṣṇoti
ākṣīt āṣṭām ākṣiṣṭām ānakṣe . kta aṣṭaḥ ktin
aṣṭiḥ śatṛ akṣṇuvan i akṣi—kanin akṣa .

akṣa na0 aśnute vyāpnoti viṣayān svavṛttyā saṃyogena vā
aśa—sa . indriye, “akṣāṇi paṇḍitajanā vidurindri-
yāṇi” u0 netre, adhokṣaja iti . tutthe (tum̐te) sauvarcale
ca . jyotiṣokte rāśicakrāvayavabhede . “śaṅkurnaronā
kathitaḥ saeva svārddhādraveryā viṣuvaddinārddhe . natiḥ
palo'kṣaśca saeva tajjñaistatronnatiryāsya saeva lamba iti”
siddhāntaśiromaṇigaṇitādhyāyokte viṣuvaddinārddhe khārddhāpekṣayā
natirūpe palāṃśabhede pu0 . etadvivaraṇam bhāskarācāryyeṇa
pramitākṣarāyāṃ svayameva kṛtam . yathā “nirakṣadeśe (laṅkā-
vibhāge) yadeva viṣuvanmaṇḍalaṃ tadeva samamaṇḍalaṃ tataḥ
kṣitijādanyadunmaṇḍalaṃ nāma valayaṃ nāsti tatra dhruvau ca
kṣitijasaṃjñe, atha nirakṣadeśāt draṣṭā yathā yathā
uttarato gacchati tathā tathā udakdhruvamunnataṃ paśyati
tathā yairbhāgairdhruva unnatastaireva bhāgaiḥ akṣasaṃjñaiḥ svasvastikāt
dakṣiṇatoviṣuvanmaṇḍalaṃ nataṃ paśyatīti” . “candrāśvi 12
nighnā palabhārddhitā ca laṅkāvadhiḥ syādiha dakṣiṇo'kṣa” iti
bhāsvatī . “udagdiśaṃ yāti yathā yathā narastathā tathā
syānnatamṛkṣamaṇḍalam . udagdhruvaṃ paśyati connataṃ kṣitestada-
ntare yojanajāḥ palāṃśakā iti siddhānta śi0 golādhyāyaḥ
yadi bhūparidhi (4967) yojanaiścakrāṃśāḥ (360) labhyante
tadāpasārayojanaiḥ kimiti, yadyṛkṣaparidhinā (360) bhūpa-
ridhiḥ (4967) labhyate tadā akṣāṃśaiḥ kimiti, trairāśikena
phalaṃ nirakṣadeśalaṅkāsvadeśayorantarayojanāni syuriti, svayameva
pramitākṣarāyāṃ vyākhyātam, tathaiva golādhyāyoktaṃ darśitam .
“yojanasaṃkhyā bhāṃśai (360) rguṇitā svaparidhi (4967)
hṛtā bhavantyaṃśāḥ (akṣāṃśāḥ) . akṣāṃśebhyo bhūmau
kakṣāyāṃ (ṛkṣa 360 kakṣāyām) vā yojanāni
ca vyastamiti” . vyastamiti bhūparidhiguṇitā bhāṃśahṛtā
akṣasaṃkhyā (yojanasaṃkhyā) bhavatīti . nirakṣadeśāt
kṣiticaturthāṃśe kila merustatra navatiḥ palāṃśāḥ
(akṣāṃśāḥ) iti ca tatraivoktam . pāśake karṣaparimāṇe
ca na0 vibhītakavṛkṣe (vayaḍā) tuṣe, ātmani rudrākṣe sarpe
jātāndhe garuḍe ca pu0 . tatra rudrākṣe akṣamālā .
karṣe anubhavati dhārābhirakṣamātrābhiriti, vibhītake “yathā
vai dve āmalake, dve vā kaule dvau vākṣau iti” śrutiḥ .
vyavahāre akṣadarśakaḥ . rāvaṇasutabhede pu0 . tatkathā
rāmā0 su0 43 a0 .

akṣa , na ū vyāptau . saṃhatau . iti kavikalpadrumaḥ .
na akṣṇoti dhanaṃ lokaḥ . vyāpnoti rāśīkaroti
vā ityarthaḥ . ū ākṣiṣṭāṃ . āṣṭāṃ . iti
durgādāsaḥ .

akṣa , ū vyāptau . saṃhatau . iti kavikalpadrumaḥ .
akṣati dhanaṃ lokaḥ . vyāpnoti rāśīkaroti vā
ityarthaḥ . ū ākṣiṣṭāṃ . āṣṭāṃ . iti durgādāsaḥ ..

Akṣa. § 615 (Skanda): IX, 45η, 2560 (among the warriors

of Skanda).

Akṣa = Śiva (1000 names²).

1. Akṣa, ‘axle,’ is a part of a chariot often referred to in

the Rigveda¹ and later. It was apparently² fastened to the

body of the chariot (Kośa) by straps (akṣā-nah, lit. ‘tied to the

axle,’ though this word is also³ rendered ‘horse’). The

heating of the axle and the danger of its breaking were known.⁴

The part of the axle round which the nave of the wheel

revolved was called Āṇi, ‘pin.’ [Footnote] 1) i. 30, 14; 166, 9; iii. 53, 17; vi.

24, 3; x. 89; 4, etc. [Footnote] 2) Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 246. [Footnote] 3) Rv. x. 53, 7. Cf. Roth, St. Peters-

burg Dictionary, s.v. [Footnote] 4) Rv. i. 164, 13.

2. Akṣa. — This word occurs frequently, from the Rigveda

onwards, both in the singular and plural, meaning ‘die’ and

‘dice.’ Dicing, along with horse-racing, was one of the main

amusements of the Vedic Indian; but, despite the frequent

mention of the game in the literature, there is considerable

difficulty in obtaining any clear picture of the mode in which it

was played.

(1) The Material. — The dice appear normally to have been

made of Vibhīdaka nuts. Such dice are alluded to in both the

Rigveda¹ and the Atharvaveda,² hence being called ‘brown’

(babhru), and ‘born on a windy spot.’³ In the ritual game of

dice at the Agnyādheya and the Rājasūya ceremonies the

material of the dice is not specified, but it is possible that

occasionally gold imitations of Vibhīdaka nuts were used.⁴

There is no clear trace in the Vedic literature of the later use

of cowries as dice.⁵

(2) The Number. — In the Rigveda⁶ the dicer is described as

‘leader of a great horde’ (senānīr mahato gaṇasya), and in

another passage⁷ the number is given as tri-pañcāśaḥ, an expres-

sion which has been variously interpreted. Ludwig,⁸ Weber,⁹

and Zimmer¹⁰ render it as fifteen, which is grammatically

hardly possible. Roth¹¹ and Grassmann¹² render it as ‘con-

sisting of fifty-three.’ Lüders¹³ takes it as ‘consisting of one

hundred and fifty,’ but he points out that this may be merely a

vague expression for a large number. For a small number

Zimmer¹⁴ cites a reference in the Rigveda¹⁵ to one who fears

‘him who holds four’ (caturaś cid dadamānāt), but the sense of

that passage is dependent on the view taken of the method of

playing the game.

(3) The Method of Play. — In several passages of the later

Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas lists are given of expressions con-

nected with dicing. The names are Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara,

Āskanda, and Abhibhū in the Taittirīya Saṃhitā.¹⁶ In the

Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā,¹⁷ among the victims at the Puruṣamedha,

the kitava is offered to the Akṣarāja, the ādinava-darśa to the

Kṛta, the kalpin to the Tretā, the adhi-kalpin to the Dvāpara,

the sabhā-sthāṇu to the Āskanda. The lists in the parallel

version of the Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa are kitava, sabhāvin, ādinava-

darśa, bahiḥ-sad, and sabhā-sthāṇu,¹⁸ and Aksarāja, Kṛta, Tretā,

Dvāpara, and Kali. From the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa¹⁹ it appears

that another name of Kali was Abhibhū, and the parallel lists

in the Taittirīya and Vājasaneyi Saṃhitās suggest that Abhibhū

and Akṣarāja are identical, though both appear in the late

Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa list. The names of some of these throws

go back even to the Rigveda and the Atharvaveda. Kali occurs

in the latter,²⁰ and Lüders²¹ shows that in a considerable number

of passages in the former Kṛta means a ‘throw’ (not ‘a stake’²²

or ‘what is won’²³ and this sense is clearly found in the

Atharvaveda.²⁴ Moreover, that there were more throws (ayāḥ)

than one is proved by a passage in the Rigveda,²⁵ when

the gods are compared to throws as giving or destroying

wealth.

The nature of the throws is obscure. The St. Petersburg

Dictionary conjectures that the names given above were applied

either to dice marked 4, 3, 2, or 1, or to the sides of the dice so

marked, and the latter interpretation is supported by some late

commentators.²⁶ But there is no evidence for the former

interpretation, and, as regards the latter, the shape of the

Vibhīdaka nuts,²⁷ used as dice, forbids any side being properly

on the top. Light is thrown on the expressions by the descrip-

tion of a ritual game²⁸ at the Agnyādheya and at the Rājasūya

ceremonies. The details are not certain,²⁹ but it is clear that

the game consisted in securing even numbers of dice, usually a

number divisible by four, the Kṛta, the other three throws then

being the Tretā, when three remained over after division by

four; the Dvāpara, when two was the remainder; and the Kali,

when one remained. If five were the dividing number, then the

throw which showed no remainder was Kali, the Kṛta was that

when four was left, and so on. The dice had no numerals

marked on them, the only question being what was the total

number of the dice themselves.

There is no reason to doubt that the game as played in the

Rigveda was based on the same principle, though the details

must remain doubtful. The number of dice used was certainly

large,³⁰ and the reference to throwing fours,³¹ and losing by one,

points to the use of the Kṛta as the winning throw. The

Atharvaveda,³² on the other hand, possibly knew of the Kali as

the winning throw. In one respect the ordinary game must

have differed from the ritual game. In the latter the players

merely pick out the number of dice required — no doubt to avoid

ominous errors, such as must have happened if a real game had

been played. In the secular game the dice were thrown,³³

perhaps on the principle suggested by Lüders:³⁴ the one

throwing a certain number on the place of playing, and the other

then throwing a number to make up with those already thrown

a multiple of four or five. This theory, at any rate, accounts for

the later stress laid on the power of computation in a player,

as in the Nala.

No board appears to have been used, but a depression on which

the dice were thrown (adhi-devana, devana,³⁵ iriṇa³⁶ ), was made

in the ground. No dice box was used, but reference is made to

a case for keeping dice in (akṣa-vapana³⁷ The throw was called

graha³⁸ or earlier grābha.³⁹ The stake is called vij.⁴⁰ Serious

losses could be made at dicing: in the Rigveda a dicer laments

the loss of all his property, including his wife.⁴¹ Lüders⁴² finds

a different form of the game referred to in the Chāndogya

Upaniṣad.⁴³ [Footnote] 1) vii. 86, 6; x. 34, 1. [Footnote] 2) Av. Paipp. xx. 4, 6. [Footnote] 3) Rv. x. 34, 5; Av. vii. 114, 7;

Rv. x. 34, 1. [Footnote] 4) Sāyaṇa on Taittirīya Saṃhitā, i. 8,

6, 12; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, v. 4, 4, 6. [Footnote] 5) Sāyaṇa, loc. cit., and on Rv. i. 41, 9;

Mahīdhara on Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā,

x. 28. [Footnote] 6) x. 34, 12. [Footnote] 7) x. 34, 8. [Footnote] 8) See his translation. [Footnote] 9) Über das Rājāsūya, 72. [Footnote] 10) Altindisches Leben, 284. [Footnote] 11) Following Sāyaṇa on Rv. x. 34, 8. [Footnote] 12) In his translation. [Footnote] 13) Das Würfelspiel im alten Indien, 25. [Footnote] 14) Op. cit., 283. [Footnote] 15) i. 41, 9. [Footnote] 16) iv. 3, 3, 1. 2. [Footnote] 17) xxx. 18. [Footnote] 18) iii. 4, 1, 16. These must be persons

conversant with dicing, but the exact

sense of the names is unknown. [Footnote] 19) v. 4, 4, 6. [Footnote] 20) vii. 114, 1. [Footnote] 21) Op. cit., 43 et seq, [Footnote] 22) St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v. [Footnote] 23) Grassmann's Dictionary, s.v. [Footnote] 24) vii. 52. See Rv. x. 42, 9 (kṛtaṃ

vicinoti); 43, 5; x. 102, 2; v. 60, 1;

ix. 97, 58; i. 132, 1; x. 34, 6; i. 100, 9;

viii. 19, 10. [Footnote] 25) x. 116, 9. [Footnote] 26) Ānandagiri on Chāndogya Upani-

ṣad, iv. 1, 4; Nīlakaṇṭha on Mahā-

bhārata, iv. 50, 24. [Footnote] 27) Lüders, op. cit., 18. [Footnote] 28) Baudhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, ii. 8; 9;

Āpastamba Śrauta Sūtra, v, 19, 4; 20,

1, with Rudradatta's note, for the

Agnyādheya. Āpastamba, xviii. 18, 16

st seq., describes the Rājasūya game,

and cf. Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, iv. 4, 6;

Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, i. 7, 10, 5; Śata-

patha Brāhmaṇa, v. 4, 4, 6; Kātyāyana

Srauta Sūtra, xv. 7, 5 et seq. For Kṛta

as four, see Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa,

xiii. 3, 2, 1; Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, i. 5,

11, 1. [Footnote] 29) See Caland, Zeitschrift der Deut-

schen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 62,

123 et seq. [Footnote] 30) Rv. x. 34, 8. [Footnote] 31) Rv. i. 41, 9. In x. 34, 2, the loss

is ascribed to akṣasya ekaparasya, which

confirms the explanation of Dvāpara

given in Pāṇiṇi, ii. 1, 10. [Footnote] 32) vii. 114, 1. [Footnote] 33) Rv. x. 34, 1. 8. 9; Av. iv. 38, 3. [Footnote] 34) Op. cit. 56. [Footnote] 35) Adhidevana in Av. v. 31, 6; vi. 70,

1; Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā; i. 6, 11; iv. 4,

6, etc.; devana in Rv. x. 43, 5. The

falling of the dice on the ground is

referred to in Av. vii. 114, 2. [Footnote] 36) Rv. x. 34, 1. [Footnote] 37) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, v. 3, 1, 11. [Footnote] 38) Av. iv. 38, 1 et seq.; cf. vii. 114, 5. [Footnote] 39) Rv. viii. 81, 1; ix. 106, 3. [Footnote] 40) Rv. i. 92, 10; ii. 12, 5; lakṣa in

ii. 12, 4, and often dhana. So Lüders,

op. cit., 10, n. 5; 62, n. 1. Roth and

Zimmer, op. cit., 286, render ‘he makes

the dice secretly disappear’ (i. 92,

10). [Footnote] 41) Rv. x. 34, 2. For cheating at

play cf. Rv. v, 85, 8; vii. 86, 6; 104

14; Av. vi. 118. [Footnote] 42) Op. cit., 61. [Footnote] 43) iv. 1, 4; 6. According to Nīla-

kaṇṭha on Harivaṃśa, ii. 61, 39, the

stake was divided into ten parts, and

the Kali then took one, the Dvāpara

three, the Tretā six, and the Kṛta all

ten. This explanation seems harsh.

Cf. Roth, Gurupūjākaumudī, 1-4;

Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 283-287;

Lüders, Das Würfelspiel im alten Indien;

Caland, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen-

ländischen Gesellschaft, 62, 123 et seq.;

Keith, Journal of the Royal Asiatic

Society, 1908, 823 et seq.

3. Akṣa. — In the Chāndogya Upaniṣad (vii. 3, 1) this word

seems to denote the nut of the Vibhīdaka (Terminalia bellerica).

Akṣa (I)¹ — the game of dice. Ṛtuparṇa, an expert in it.

Taught the game to Nala; to be avoided by a king.² [Footnote] 1) Bhā. IX. 9. 17; M. 220. 8; Vā. 88. 174; Vi. IV. 4. 37;

Br. III. 63. 173. [Footnote] 2) M. 154. 520; 220. 8.

Akṣa (II) — a dānava.

Br. III. 6. 11.

Akṣa (III) — a son of Satyabhāmā and Kṛṣṇa.

Br. III. 71. 247; Vā. 96. 238.

akṣa, same as suvarṇa (q. v.).

akṣa, same as suvarṇa (q. v.).

akṣa

(1) = vibhītaka (Avk; Bpn, p. 9; Dgv, nr. 149; Dn 1, 212; Gul; HB;

HK; KB 2, p. 1017-1020; MW; Pr 220; PW; Rn 11, 322-323; V 6, p.

160; Vśs);

(2) a) = rudrākṣa (Avk; Vśs);

b) the seed of rudrākṣa (MW; PW);

(3) a) = indrākṣa (Vśs: = the tuberous root of the creeper called

ṛṣabhaka);

b) = ṛṣabhaka (Avk; Vśs); ṛṣabhaka is an unidentifiable plant,

but Vśs identifies it as CARPOPOGON PRURIENS; see: kapi-

kacchū̆;

(4) = devaśirīṣa (Vśs, unidentified).

AKṢA I . (Akṣakumāra).

1) Genealogy. Descended in order from Viṣṇu as

follows: Brahmā-Pulastya-Viśravas-Rāvaṇa-Akṣa.

(Uttararāmāyaṇa).

2) Birth. Three sons were born to Rāvaṇa, King of the

demons, by his wife Mandodarī. They were Megha-

nāda, Atikāya and Akṣakumāra. Akṣakumāra was a

redoubtable hero and a fierce fighter but was killed by

Hanūmān in Laṅkā. (Sarga 47, Sundara Kāṇḍa,

Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa).

AKṢA II . We find another warrior of this name among

the soldiers who came to help Skanda in the Kaurava-

Pāṇḍava battle. (Śloka 58, Chapter 45, Śalya Parva,

M.B.).