ahanahan and ahas, n. (said to be fr. 2. hā with a, ‘not;’ according to others, who compare the Goth. daya, Germ. tag, Eng. day, a corruption of dahan fr. rt. dah; the nom. acc. voc. sing. and the middle cases come fr. ahas, the others fr. ahan; in the Vedas the middle cases also are sometimes formed fr. ahan, e. g. ahabhyas, ahabhis); a day; a sacrificial or festival day; a day's work; a portion of a book appointed for one day's reading; day per- sonified as one of the eight Vasus; N. of a Tīrtha; ahany-ahani or ahar-ahaḥ, day by day, daily; ahanī, du. day and night; tad ahas, on that very day; yad ahas, on which day. (As the last mem- ber of a compound ahan generally appears in the form aha, m., rarely n., but sometimes also in the form ahan, e. g. puṇyāha, ekāhan, q. v. As the first member of a compound ahas and ahar are the usual forms; as in the following examples.) —Ahaḥ-pati, is, m. lord of the day, the sun; see ahar-pati. —Ahaḥ-śeṣa, am, n. evening. —Ahar-āgama,as, m. the approach of day. —Ahar-gaṇa, as, m. a series of sacrificial days; a month; any calculated term. —Ahar-jara, as, m., Ved. the year (as making days become old). —Ahar-jāta, as, ā, am, Ved. born in the day or from day, not belonging to night or to the spirits of darkness. —Ahar-diva, as, ā, am, Ved. existing every day; (am), ind. daily, day by day. —Ahar-divi, ind., Ved. day by day, every day, con- stantly. —Ahar-dṛś, k, k, k, Ved. beholding the day, living. —Ahar-niśa, am, n. day and night, a whole day; (am), ind. day and night, during the whole day, continually. —Ahar-pati, is, m., Ved. lord of the day; the sun; epithet of Śiva; also written ahaḥ-pati. —Ahar-bāndhava, as, m. the sun. —Ahar-bhāj, k, k, k, Ved. partaking of the day. —Ahar-maṇi, is, m. the sun. —Ahar-mukha, am, n. com- mencement of the day, morning, dawn. —Ahar-loka, as, ā, am, Ved. taking the place of day. —Ahar-vid, t, t, t, Ved. existing (many) days; known long ago; knowing the (fit) time or season. —Ahaś-śas, ind., Ved. every day. —Ahas-kara,as, m. the sun. —Ahas-pati, is, m. the sun; swallow wort.
ahann. [na jahāti na tyajati sarvathāparivartanaṃ, na, hā-kanin Uṇ. 1. 55] (Nom. ahaḥ, ahnī-ahanī, ahāni, ahnā, ahobhyāṃ &c.; ahariti haṃti pāpmānaṃ jahāti ca Śat. Br.) 1 A day (including day and night); aghāhāni Ms. 5. 84. 2 Day time; savyāpārāmahani na tathāpīḍayenmadviyogaḥ Me. 88; yadahnā kurute pāpaṃ by day. 3 The sky (as traversed by the sun); samārūḍhe ca madhyamahnaḥ savitari K. 99; M. 2. 4 A sacrificial or festival day. 5 A day's work. 6 Viṣṇu. 7 Night. 8 A portion of a book appointed for a day. 9 A day personified as one of the eight Vasus. —nī (du.) Day and night. (At the end of comp. ahan is changed to ahaḥ, haṃ or to ahna; see P. V. 4. 88-91; VI. 3. 110, VIII. 4. 7. Note. At the beginning of comp. it assumes the forms ahas or ahar; e. g.saptāhaḥ, ekāhaḥ, pūrvāhṇaḥ, aparāhṇaḥ, puṇyāhaṃ, sudināhaṃ, ahaḥpatiḥ or aharpatiḥ &c. &c.). Comp.—āgamaḥ (aharā°) the approach of day. —ādiḥ dawn; Śi. 11. 62. (pb) —karaḥ (°haḥ or °skaraḥ) 1 the sun; alavakārāsya vadhūrahaskaraḥ Śi. 1. 58; (P. III. 2. 21.). 2 a kind of tree. —gaṇaḥ, (°harga°) 1 a series of sacrificial days. 2 a month. 3 any calculated term (Wilson). —jaraḥ [ahobhiḥ parivartamāno lokān jarayatijṝ-ṇic-ac, ahāni vā asmin jīryaṃti ādhāreapvā Tv.] Ved. the year as making days old. —jātaa. Ved. born in the day or from day, not belonging to night. —divaa. (°hardi°) existing every day. (—vaṃ) ind. [ahaśca divā casamā° dvaṃ°] daily, every day, day by day; ya itthamasvāsthyamahardivaṃ divaḥ Śi. 1. 51. —diviind. day by day, every day, constantly. —dṛśa. Ved. belonging to the day; living. —nāthaḥ 1 the sun, the lord of the day. 2 a kind of tree. —niśaṃ [ahaśca niśā casamā° dvaṃ°] a day and night, a whole day; Ms. 1. 74, 4. 97. (—śaṃ) ind. day and night, during the whole day, continually. —patiḥ [ahaḥpatiḥ, aharpatiḥ, ahaspatiḥ P. VIII. 2. 70 Vārt.] 1 the sun; nanu rāhvāhvamaharpatiṃtamaḥ Śi. 16. 57; R. 10. 54. 2 an epithet of Śiva. 3 a kind of tree. 4 swallow wort. —bāṃdhavaḥ the sun. —bhāj, lokaa. Ved. partaking of the day. —maṇiḥ the sun. —mukhaṃ commencement of the day, morning, dawn. —rathaṃtaraṃ (P. VIII. 2. 68 Vārt.) a portion of Sāma to be chanted at day. —rātraḥ (—traṃ also) 1 a day and night (P. II. 4. 29); trīnahorātrān Nala. 12. 44; triṃśatkalā muhūrtaḥsyādahorātraṃ tu tāvataḥ Ms. 1. 64, 65; Ms. 11. 84; Y. 1. 147. 2 a day of the Pitṛs, a month of the gods and a year of Brahmā. —vida. Ved. 1 existing many days. 2 known long ago. 3 one who knows the fit time or season of a sacrifice. —śeṣaḥ, ṣaṃ ( °haḥśeṣaṃ) 1 evening. 2 the last day of defilement.
only Ved. are the middle cases of the pl. áhabhyas [RV.], áhabhis [RV., nine times], and áhasu [RV. i, 124, 9], while the later language forms them fr. the base áhas, q.v.
ahann. [na jahāti na tyajati sarvathā parivartanaṃ, na hā-kanin Uṇ.1.55.] (Nom. ahaḥ, ahnī-ahanī, ahāni, ahnā, ahobhyām &c.; ahariti hanti pāpmānaṃ jahāti ca Śat. Br.) 1 A day (including day and night); ahaḥ śabdo'pi ahorātravacanaḥ | rātriśabdo'pi | ŚB. on MS.8.1.16. aghāhāni Ms.5.84. -2 Day time savyāpārāmahani na tathā pīḍayenmadviyogaḥ Me.90; yadahnā kurute pāpam by day; agnirjyotirahaḥ śuklaḥ Bg.8.54. -3 The sky (as traversed by the sun); samārūḍhe ca madhyamahnaḥ savitari K.99; M.2. -4 A sacrificial or festival day. -5 A day's work. -6 Viṣṇu. -7 Night. -8 A portion of a book appointed for a day. -9 A day personified as one of the eight Vasus. -nī (du.) Day and night (At the end of comp. ahan is changed to ahaḥ, ham or to ahna; see P.V.4.88-91; VI.3.110, VIII.4.7. Note: At the beginning of comp. it assumes the forms ahas or ahar; e. g.saptāhaḥ, ekāhaḥ, pūrvāhṇaḥ, aparāhṇaḥ puṇyāhaṃ, sudināhaṃ, ahaḥpatiḥ or aharpatiḥ &c. &c.). -Comp. -ahaḥ (aharahaḥ) ind. Day by day, daily. aharahaḥsnātvā sandhyāmupāsīta; aharaharnayamāno gāmaśvaṃ puruṣaṃ paśum Mbh. on 2.2.29. -āgamaḥ (aharā˚) the approach of day -ādiḥ dawn; śaśadharamaharādau rāgavānuṣṇaraśmiḥ Śi.11.62. -karaḥ (˚haḥ or ˚skaraḥ) 1 the sun; alaṃcakārāsya vadhūrahaskaraḥ Śi 1.58; (P.III.2.21.) -2 a kind of tree. -gaṇaḥ, (˚harga˚) 1 a series of sacrificial days. -2 a month. -3 any calculated term (Wilson). -jaraḥ [ahobhiḥ parivartamāno lokān jarayati jṛ-ṇic ac, ahāni vā asmin jīryanti ādhāre ap-vā Tv.] Ved. the year as making days old. -jātaa. Ved. born in the day or from day, not belonging to night. -divaa. (˚hardi˚) existing every day. (-vam) ind. [ahaśca divā ca samā ˚dva˚] daily, every day, day by day; ya itthamasvāsthyamahardivaṃ divaḥ Śi.1.51. -diviind. day by day, every day, constantly; yathā śyenāt patatriṇaḥ saṃvijante ahardivi siṃhasya stanayoryathā Av.5.21.6. -dṛśa. Ved. belonging to the day, living; indro viśvān bekanāṭāँ ahardṛśaḥ Rv.8.66.10. -nāthaḥ 1 the sun, the lord of the day. -2 a kind of tree. -niśam [ahaśca niśā ca samā˚ dva˚] a day and night, a whole day; tasya soharniśasyānte prasuptaḥ pratibuddhayate Ms.1.74,4.97. (-śam) ind. day and night, during the whole day, continually. -patiḥ [ahaḥpatiḥ, aharpatiḥ, ahaspatiḥ P.VIII.2.70 Mbh. Vārt.] 1 the sun; nanu rāhvāhvamaharpatiṃ tamaḥ Śi.16.57; R.10.54. -2 an epithet of Śiva. -3 a kind of tree. -4 swallow, wort. -bāndhavaḥ the sun. -bhāj, -lokaa. Ved. partaking of the day. -maṇiḥ the sun. -mukham commencement of the day, morning, dawn. -sthantaram (P.VIII.2.68 Vārt.) a portion of Sāma to be chanted at day. -rātraḥ (-tram also) 1 a day and night (P.II.4.29.); trīnahorātrān Nala.12.44; triṃśatkalā muhūrtaḥ syādahorātraṃ tu tāvataḥ Ms.1.64.65; Y.1.147. -2 a day of the Pitṛis, a month of the gods and a year of Brahmā. -vida. Ved. 1 existing many days. -2 known long ago. -3 one who knows the fit time or season of a sacrifice. -śeṣaḥ, -ṣam (˚haḥ śeṣam) 1 evening. -2 the last day of defilement.
áhan, áhar, 2. áha, n., Tag (im Gegensatze gegen die Nacht), Tageshelle. Die Gebrauchsweise im RV zeigt, dass der Begriff des Leuchtens der Benennung zu Grunde liegen muss. Dies begünstigt die Annahme, dass áhan für *dáhan stehe und gleich dem goth. dag-s aus der Wurzel dah (brennen) stamme, ungeachtet des auffallenden Verschwindens des anlautenden d, wofür áśru = δάκρυ kein vollgültiges Beispiel liefert. Im Dual: Nacht und Tag; so auch im sing. {450,1} áhar ca kṛṣṇám áhar árjunam ca.
1. Stamm áhan:
-nā {863,10}; adv.: {312,3}; áhnā‿ahnā (Tag für Tag) {863,9}.
-ar. Das r bleibt vor weichen Lauten unverändert, nur vor e ({489,17}) fällt es weg. {450,1}; {489,17}; {582,11}; {619,7}; {994,3}. Adverbial: {282,2}; und so besonders áharahar, Tag für Tag {123,9}; {221,1}; {644,24}; {646,12}; {878,2}.3.
Ahan, ‘day.’ Like other peoples, the Indians used night as a general expression of time as well as day, but by no means predominantly.1 Night is also termed the dark (kṛṣṇa), as opposed to the light (arjuna), day.2 Aho-rātra3 is a regular term for ‘day and night’ combined. The day itself is variously divided. In the Atharvaveda4 a division into ‘the rising sun’ (udyan sūryaḥ), ‘the coming together of the cows’ (saṃ-gava), ‘midday’ (madhyaṃ-dina), ‘afternoon’ (aparāhṇa), and ‘sunset’ (astaṃ-yan) is found. In the Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa5 the same series appears with ‘early’ (prātar) and ‘evening’ (sāyāhna) substituted for the first and last members, while a shorter list gives prātar,saṃgava, sāyam. In the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā6 there is the series ‘dawn’ (uṣas), saṃgava, madhyaṃdina, and aparāhṇa. The morning is also, according to Zimmer, called api-śarvara,7 as the time when the dark is just past. It is named svasara,8 as the time when the cows are feeding, before the first milking at the saṃgava, or when the birds are awakening.9 It is also called pra-pitva,10 according to Zimmer.11 But Geldner12 points out that that term refers to the late midday, which also is called api-śarvara, as bordering on the coming night, being the time when day is hastening to its close, as in a race. From another point of view, evening is called abhi-pitva,13 the time when all come to rest. Or again, morning and evening are denoted as the dawning of the sun (uditā sūryasya), or its setting (ni-mruc). The midday is regularly madhyam ahnām,14madhye,15 or madhyaṃdina. Saṃgava16 is the forenoon, between the early morning (prātar) and midday (madhyaṃdina). The divisions of time less than the day are seldom precisely given. In the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa,17 however, a day and night make up 30 muhūrtas; 1 muhūrta = 15 kṣipra; 1 kṣipra = 15 etarhi; 1 etarhi = 15 idāni; 1 idāni = 15 breathings; 1 breath- ing = 1 spiration; 1 spiration = 1 twinkling (nimeṣa), etc. In the Sāṅkhāyana Āraṇyaka18 the series is dhvaṃsayo, nimeṣāḥ,kāṣṭhāḥ, kalāḥ, kṣanā, muhūrtā, ahorātrāḥ. A thirtyfold division of day as well as of night is seen in one passage of the Rigveda19 by Zimmer, who compares the Babylonian sixty- fold division of the day and night. But the expression used — thirty Yojanas — is too vague and obscure — Bergaigne20 refers it to the firmament — to build any theory upon with safety. The longer divisions of time are regularly ‘half month’ (ardha-māsa), ‘month’ (māsa), ‘season’ (ṛtu), and ‘year’ (saṃvatsara), which often21 occur in this sequence after ahorātrāṇi (‘days and nights’). [Footnote] 1) Rv. iv. 16, 19; viii. 26, 3; i. 70, 4. Cf. Av. x. 7, 42. [Footnote] 2) Rv. vi. 9. 1. [Footnote] 3) Rv. x. 190, 2; Av. xiii. 3, 8, etc.; Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xxiii. 41, etc. [Footnote] 4) ix. 6, 45. [Footnote] 5) i. 5, 3, 1; 4, 9, 2. [Footnote] 6) iv. 2, 11. [Footnote] 7) Rv. iii. 9, 7; cf. Oldenberg, Ṛgveda-Noten, 1, 230. [Footnote] 8) Rv. ii. 34, 8; ix. 94, 2. [Footnote] 9) Rv. ii. 19, 2; 34, 5. [Footnote] 10) Rv. vii. 41, 4; viii. 1, 29. Sieg. Die Sagenstoffe des Ṛgveda, 127 et seq., interprets paritakmyāyām (Rv. i. 116, 15) similarly. [Footnote] 11) Altindisches Leben. 362. [Footnote] 12) Vedische Studien, 2, 155-179. [Footnote] 13) Rv. i. 126, 3; iv. 34, 5. [Footnote] 14) Rv. vii. 41, 4. [Footnote] 15) Rv. viii. 27, 20. [Footnote] 16) Cf. Rv. v. 76, 3 (saṃgave, prātarahno, madhyaṃdine); Taittirīya Brāh- maṇa, ii. 1, 1, 3; Jaiminīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa, i. 12, 4; Aitareya Brāh- maṇa, iii. 18, 14; Geldner, VedischeStudien, 3, 112, 113. Zimmer, op. cit., 362, places it too early — before the cows are driven out. [Footnote] 17) xii. 3, 2, 5. Cf. Taittirīya Brāh- maṇa, iii. 10, 1, 1 et seq.[Footnote] 18) vii. 20. Cf. Śāṅkhāyana Srauta Sūtra, xiv. 78 et seq.; Weber, IndischeStreifen, 1, 92-95. [Footnote] 19) Rv. i. 123, 8. [Footnote] 20) Religion Védique. 3, 283 et seq.Cf. Roth, St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v. kratu.[Footnote] 21) Taittirīya Saṃhitā, vii. 1, 15; Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, iii. 12, 7; Vāja- saneyi Saṃhitā, xxii. 28; Śāṅkhāyana Āraṇyaka, vii. 20; Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad. iii. 8, 9, etc. Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 361-363.