abhinidhāna

e. g. Kātyāy. Śrautas.: āyurasītyuttarayājyasthālīṃ saṃspṛśya pu-

rūravā ityabhinidhānaṃ tayā; (comm. uttarāraṇyā adharāraṇe-

rupari nidhānaṃ karoti). ² (In the Prātiśakhyas) Suppression

or weakening of a sound with regard to, or on account

of, scil. the influence of a preceding or following sound

[the qualification ‘with regard to’ or ‘on account of’ seems

to be implied by the prefix abhi], viz. ^a. the suppression

of the vowel a through the influence of a preceding o or

e (comp. abhinihita); e. g. in gāhamāno'dayaḥ of the word

adayaḥ, or in vāle'vata of the word avata; ^b. the sup-

pression or weakening of the sound or of the vibration of

the voice which naturally follows the pronunciation of a

consonant, if such a consonant is followed by, and has made

sandhi with, another consonant; according to the Ṛgv.

Prātiś., such a sound or the vibration of the voice is sup-

pressed, if the consonant is surd (ka, ca &c.); it is weakened,

if the consonant is sonant (ga, ja &c.) and the sound which

remains, after such weakening is called dhruva (q. v.). This

suppression or weakening of the vibration of the voice,

however, takes place only under the following restrictions:

1. in the pronunciation of a sparśa or antaḥsthā (except r),

if it is followed by a sparśa; e. g. in arvāgdevaḥ or in ulkām;

2. of a sparśa, if it stands in a pause; e. g. in vāk; 3. of an

antaḥsthā, if it is followed by another similar antaḥsthā;

e. g. in tavvaṃm̐ḥ; 4 of l, if it is followed by an ūṣman; e. g.

in śatavalśaḥ; 5. of k in akkhyat; 6. of p in virapsī; 7. of

a sparśa except m (i. e. k till bh), if it is followed by y,

r, v or an ūṣman; e. g. in yadyat, tadrāsabhaḥ, yānvaḥ, arvā-

kśaphau; (the latter cases 4-7. only in the theory of the Śā-

kalas). These general rules are subject to exceptions and

restrictions, and even as such they are not universally re-

cognized; Śaunaka, for instance, says, that Vyāĺi does not

recognize the abhinidhāna, in general, and admits of it only

when the following consonant is doubled or if a vowel or

r precede.--The Vājas. Prātiś. uses instead of the term

abhinidhāna the explanation sthānakaraṇavimokṣaḥ ‘giving up

the characteristics of a consonant, viz. the organic dis-

tinction and the distinction with regard to the effort of pro-

nunciation’; (comp. the list in Pāṇ. I. 1. 9. where karaṇa

answers the prayatna; and see Weber's ed. of this Prātiś. Ind.

Stud. IV. p. 127), but applies it merely to the sparśa at the

end of a word, if it is followed by another word, and in

a pause.--The Atharvav. Prātiś. (quoted by Weber 1. c.,

where the masc. abhinidhānaḥ seems to be an error of the

Berlin Ms.) admits the abhinidhāna only 1. of a sparśa, if it

is followed by a sparśa, 2. of a sparśa at the end of a word or

at an avagraha, 3. of l before an ūṣman, 4 of ṅ, ṇa, na,

before h. Śākalya, in the cases 4-7. mentioned above, and

the Atharvav. Prātiś. in its enumeration do not consider

two consonants, the first of which suffers the abhinidhāna,

as saṃyukta or combined consonants (Śaunaka: asaṃyuktaṃ śā-

kalam; Atharvav. Pr.: ato'nyatsaṃyuktam ‘saṃyukta is a com-

bination of consonants other than that in the preceding

cases’); i. e. they assume such a stoppage of the voice as

to prevent two consonants to sound together; but Śaunaka

does not seem to go so far, for he quotes Śākalya apparently

for the sake of recording his dissent from the opinion of

the latter. The distinction is probably owing to the dif-

ference in the observation, by the different grammarians,

of the phenomena of pronunciation; the supposition of Mr.

Regnier (Journ. Asiat. 1857, p. 230), that there is a twofold

abhinidhāna, the one applying to the consonantic groups

which are the natural effect of the sandhi, the other to such

groups as are produced by the krama, is very ingenious,

but does not necessarily follow from the text of this Prātiś.

(I. 1. 6. and 7.); for similar differences of opinion in the theory

on the pronunciation of consonantic groups, arising ob-

viously from different observations, may be gathered also

from the Sūtras of Pāṇini. [In the preceding explanation

the term sparśa comprises the 25 consonants ka-ṅa, ca-ña,

ṭa-ṇa, ta-na and pa-ma; the term ūṣman (q. v.) the sibi-

lants ha, śa, ṣa, sa; and the semivowels ya, ra, la, va are

termed antaḥsthā, because their position in the system of

the vaidik gramm. is between the sparśa and ūṣman; (s. v.

antaḥsthā p. 117a, 1. 49 the words ‘vowels and consonants’

are a mistake for ‘sparśa and ūṣman’).] E. dhā with ni and

abhi, kṛt aff. lyuṭ.

1) das Niederlegen zu etwas Anderm hin KĀTY. ŚR. 5, 1, 32. bei MAHĪDH. zu VS. 5, 2.

— 2) Unterdrückung, Schwächung (in der Aussprache) ṚV. PRĀT. 6, 5. 9. 11. AV. PRĀT. 1, 42.

2) lies Annäherung (der Laute in der Aussprache. im Unterschied von unmittelbarer Verbindung, saṃyoga) und vgl. u. 1. dhā mit abhini 2). Im AV. PRĀT. und TAITT. PRĀT. (Ind. St. 4, 245) ist das Wortm.

— 1) n. das Darüberlegen KĀTY. ŚR. 5,1,31. 25,3,13.

— 2) n. und m. Annäherung (der Laute in der Aussprache).