abhidharma

abhidharma Tatpur. m. (-rmaḥ) (In Buddhistic doctrine.) The mani-

fested or revealed truth; (Abhidharmakośa, as quoted in

Burnouf's Introd. p. 40: = abhimukho dharmaḥ; therefore not to be

rendered: the ‘supreme law’; dharma has been translated here

‘truth’, instead of ‘law’, in conformity with the judicious

remark of Spence Hardy, East. Mon. p. 167); i. e. the Bud-

dhistic dogmas and metaphysics, as laid down in the a-

bhidharmapiṭaka q. v.--The first redaction of the Abhidharma

is ascribed to Kāśyapa or Mahā-Kaśyapa, the principal

disciple of Śākya Muni; but the redaction of the whole col-

lection of works on this subject seems to belong to different

periods the last of which precedes the third Buddhistic

synod; (see Lassen's Ind. Alt. vol. II. p. 458). Hodgson re-

lates of four great Nepalese schools divided on account of

their views on the Abhidharma: the Svābhāvika, Aiśvarika,

Kārmika and Yātnika (see Burnouf's Introd. p. 441 and the

quotation given there); Csoma de Körös speaks of four

other Tibetian schools which are divided and subdivided

into various sects: 1. the Vaibhāṣikās which comprise four

sects: a. one founded by Rāhula, the son of Śākya, and

subdivided at the period of the third synod into seven sects:

the Mūla-sarvāsti-vādās, Kāśyapīyās, Mahīśāsakās, Dhar-

maguptās, Bahuśrutīyās, Tāmraśātīyās and Vibhādyavā-

dinas; b. one founded by Kāśyapa, a Brāhmaṇa, and sub-

divided into six sects, five of which, bearing the collective

name of Mahāsaṅghikās, were known at the time of the

third synod: the Pūrvaśailās, Avaraśailās, Haimavatās,

Lokottaravādinas and Prajnaptivādinas; c. one founded by

Upāli, a Śūdra, and having the surname Sammatās, sub-

divided into three sects: the Kaurmakullakās (?), Āvan-

tikās and Vātsīputrīyās; d. one founded by Kātyāyana, a

Śūdra, and subdivided also into three sects: the Mahāvi-

hāravāsinas, Jyetavanīyās and Abhayagirivāsinas; 2. the

Sautrāntikās with two sects; 3. the Yogāchārās, founded by

Āryasaṅgha and divided into nine sects; 4. the Mādhyami-

kās owing their origin to Nāgārjuna who lived about 400

years after the Buddha, divided into two sects the founders

of which are probably Āryadeva and Buddhapālita. (For

these sects and the doctrine itself see Burnouf's Introd.

p. 437 ff., Lassen's Ind. Alt. II. p. 456 ff.; also Spence Hardy's

East. Mon. where a legend, related p. 197, conveys an idea

of the great merit supposed to be acquired by the study of

the Abhidharma.) E. abhi and dharma.

abhidharma abhi-dharma, as, m. the supreme

truth according to the Buddhists, the dogmas of Bud-

dhist philosophy or metaphysics. —Abhidharma-kośa,

as, m. title of a work on the preceding. —Abhi-

dharma-piṭaka, as, m. ‘basket of metaphysics,’ title

of that section of Buddhist writings which contains

the abhi-dharma.

abhidharma abhi-dharma, m. Buddhist meta-
physics..

abhi-dharma m. the dogmas of Buddhist philosophy or metaphysics.

abhidharma abhidharma n. (dharma) Bd. la métaphysique: abuddhoktam abhidharmaśāstram le livre de la métaphysique n'a pas été exposé par le Buddha.

abhidharmapitaka Bd. la collection des écrits de métaphysique.

abhidharma (abhi + dharma) m. das obere Gesetz, die Metaphysik (bei den Buddhisten) BURN. Intr. 563. 40. abhidharmakośa Titel eines dem VASUBANDHU zugeschriebenen Werkes ibid. abhidharmakośavyākhyā ein Commentar dazu ibid. abhidharmapiṭaka bildet eine der 3 Abtheilungen unter den heiligen Schriften der Buddhisten 35. 40. 41. 448. WEBER, Lit. 254. 256. 267. 268.

abhidharma m. die Metaphysiker Buddhisten. °kośa m. , °dharmaprajñāna n. , °piṭaka m. und °samuccaya m. Titel verschiedener Werke.

abhidharma m. Methaphysik (der Buddhisten).

Abhidharma , °jñānaprasthāna, °dharmaskandhapāda, °prakaraṇaśāsana, °prakāśasādhana, °vijñānakāyapāda und °vibhāṣā, Eitel, Chin. B.

Abhidharma , m. (= Pali Abhidhamma), n. of the

third section of the Buddhist canon: Mvy 1413; Laṅk

290.8; Karmav 94.7; 102.1; 103.6; 155.1.