ā

ā The second letter of the alphabet, corresponding to A long, as in far, and written in the Roman character A.

ā ind.

1 A particle of reminiscence. (ah! oh!)

2 A conjunction disjunctive, (but.)

3 A particle of compassion, (ah! alas!)

4 A conjunction copulative, (and.) This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels.

ā or āṅ A particle, and prefix to words, implying;

1 Diminution, (a little.)

2 Limit, inceptive, (from, from thence, or that time.)

3 Limit conclusive, (until, unto, as far as.)

4 Prefixed to verbs it extends or reverses their meaning, as ruha to rise, āruha to ascend, to mount, and gama to go, āgama to come.

5 In composition with nouns it forms indeclinables, either crude, as ājānu to the knee, or with the terminations of the objective or ablative case, as āsamudraṃ or āsamadrāt as far as to the ocean.

6 A particle of menace or of pain, (ah! alas!) this is more correctly written ās.

E. āp to pervade, to obtain, and ḍāṅa affix, pa is dropped.

ā m. (-āḥ) A name of MAHĀDEVA.

ā ind. A particle of assent, yes, verily.

E. asa to go, kvip affix, a becomes ā.

ā The second vowel or ā long
called ākār.

ā interj. Oh, ah.

ā prep. Up to, even to.

ā (āḥ) 1. m. Shiva.

1. ā ā, interj. of reminiscence.

Ah! Prab. 46. 4.

2. ā ā. I. prep. 1. With abl.,

implying: a. Limit inceptive: From,

Chr. 295, 17 = Rigv. i. 92, 17; Daśak. in

Chr. 195, 17. b. Limit conclusive: Until,

with abl., Bhartṛ. 2, 97. 2. With loc.,

On, Chr. 291, 4 = Rigv. i. 85, 4; In,

Chr. 297, 17 = Rigv. 1, 112, 17. II.

Combined and compounded with verbs

and their derivatives. III. Former

part of compounded nouns and adverbs:

signifying 1. From, e. g. ā-kumāra

+ m, adv. From (my) youth, MBh. 3,

1403. 2. Up to, till, e. g. ā-gopāla,

adj. Reaching up to the herdsmen,

MBh. 2, 531. ā-maraṇa + m, adv. Till

death, Pañc. i. d. 44. Compounded

adverbs of this kind, when they are

former part of a compound word, drop

the final m, e. g. ā-yojana-su-gandhi,

adj. Spreading fragrance as far as a

yojana, MBh. 1, 6965. 3. A little, as

former part of adj. or participles, e. g.

ā-pīta, adj. Yellowish, Rām. 2, 76, 4.

ā 1 . ā, the second letter of the alphabet,

corresponding to a long, as in far.

ā 2 . ā, (as a particle or interjection of as-

sent) yes, verily; (of compassion or pain) Ah!

Alas! in the latter sense it is more correctly written

ās; (of reminiscence) Ah! Oh! (a conjunction dis-

junctive) but; (a conjunction copulative) and. This

particle remains unaltered in orthography even before

vowels.

ā 3 . ā a prefix to verbs and nouns, (ex-

pressing) near, near to, towards, from all sides, all

around; and sometimes redundant. As a prefix to verbs

of motion it expresses the notion of moving or going

towards; e. g. ā-krāmati, he goes towards. When

prefixed to roots like gam, yā, and i, to go, and dā,

to give, it reverses the action; e. g. ā-gacchati, he

comes; ā-datte, he takes.

As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns it

forms with them either compound adverbs or adjectives,

implying the limit conclusive (until, unto, as far as),

or the limit inceptive (from, from thence or that

time); e. g. ā-maraṇam, till death; ā-kumāram,

from childhood [cf. a puero]; ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ,

the twice-born including the cowherds.

(Prefixed to adjectives &c. it implies) diminution;

e. g. ā-pāṇḍu, a little pale; ā-pakva, half-cooked.

(As a separable adverb ā implies) near, near to,

towards; thereto, further, also, and; especially, even.

In many places in the Vedas ā gives force to the

word which precedes it (e. g. mahimā vām In-

drāgnī paniṣṭha ā, ‘your greatness, O Indra and

Agni, is praiseworthy indeed’); and in a similar man-

ner we find it in the Veda placed after prepositions,

the sense of which is strengthened by it.

(As a separable preposition with acc. or abl.) near

to, up to, to, as far as; e. g. śatam ā jātīs, as

far as a hundred births; ā samudrāt, as far as the

ocean: (with abl.) away from, from; out of, of, from

among; e. g. ā mūlāt, from the beginning; bahubhya

ā, from among many: (with loc.) in, at; e. g.

dama ā, in a house.

ā 4 . ā, ās, m., N. of Śiva; (ā), f., N. of

Lakṣmī.

ā́, adv.

—1. hither, unto, as prefix w. verbs of motion;

—2. conjunctively, thereto, besides; ca…ā, both…and, 85⁵;

—3. asseveratively, (up to, i. e.) quite, entirely, 73²⁰;

—4. as prep., w. abl.: hither from, all the way from; and then [293c], all the way to, until, 49¹³, 64¹⁴, 103²⁰, 105⁶, 106²; as far as, 105¹⁰. [cf. Lat. ā, ‘from,’ which is not akin w. ab, ‘from.’]

ā The second letter of the Alphabet.

ā

1 Used as a particle or interjection showing (a) assent; ‘yes’, ‘verily’. (b) Compassion (anukaṃpā) ‘Ah’. (c) Pain or regret (usually written ās or āḥ q. v.), ‘alas’. (a) Recollection (smaraṇa) ‘Ah’, ‘Oh’; ā evaṃ kilāsīt U. 6. (e) But (used as a disjunctive conjunction). (f) And (used as a cumulative conjunction). (g) Sometimes used as an expletive; ā evaṃ manyase. In all these senses ā is treated as a Pragṛhya vowel (does not form any Saṃdhi with a following vowel) P. I. 1. 14.

2 (As a prefix to verbs and nouns) (a) it expresses the senses of near, near to, towards, from all sides, all around (see the several verbs). (b) With verbs of motion, taking, carrying &c. it shows the reverse of the action; as gam to go, āgam to come; dā to give, ādā to take; nī to carry, ānī to bring.

3 (As a separable preposition with abl.) it shows either (a) the limit inceptive (abhividhi), from, ever since, away from, out of, off, from among; āmūlāt śrotumicchāmi Ś. 1; bahubhya ā from out of many; ā janmanaḥ Ś. 5. 25 ever since (her) birth; ā manoḥ U. 6. 18. (b) Or, it expresses the limit exclusive or conclusive (maryādā), till, until, upto, as far as, unto; āṅ maryādābhividhyoḥ P. II. 1. 13; see abhividhi; ā paritoṣādviduṣāṃ Ś. 1. 2 till the learned are satisfied; ā kailāsāt Me. 11 upto or as far as Kailāsa; odakāṃtāt Ś. 4; U. 1. 37; V. 2. 2. In this sense ā sometimes governs the acc.; śatamā jātīḥ upto a hundred births. (c) In both these senses ā frequently enters (pb) into compound, forming either Avyayībhāva comp. or compound adjectives; ābālaṃ (or ā bālebhyaḥ) haribhaktiḥ commencing with or including children; āmukti (or āmukteḥ) saṃsāraḥ Sk. till final emancipation; āmekhalaṃ Ku. 1. 5 as far as.; āmaraṇaṃ Pt. 1 till death; āgopālaṃ nanṛtuḥ K. 70 down to the cowherd; āgopālā dvijātayaḥ including the cowherds. Sometimes the compound so formed stands as the first member of other compounds, so' hamājanmaśuddhānāmāphalodayakarmaṇāṃ . āsamudrakṣitīśānāmānākarathavartmanāṃ R. 1. 5; āgaṃḍavilaṃbi Ś. 6. 17; ākarṇalaṃbi M. 5. 10. (d) Used with loc. it has the sense of ‘in’, ‘at’ (mostly Ved.); gāvo na yavaseṣvā Rv. 1. 91. 13.

4 With adjectives (or sometimes with nouns) ā has a diminutive force; āpāṃḍura a little white, whitish; ālakṣya Ś. 7. 17 slightly visible; ākaṃpaḥ gentle shaking; so ānīla, ārakta.

5 (As a separable adverb) ā chiefly occurs in the Vedas and means near, near to, or towards, there to, further; and also, even; in many cases it emphasizes the word which precedes it, and when placed after prepositions it strengthens their sense.

1 ā́ adv. hither, near, towards (esp. as a pref. to verbs of motion); besides, further; quite, entirely, even (often only emphasizing the prec. word). °— a little, slightly, scarcely (in adj. & subst.); reaching to (in adj.); till, as far as, before, from (in adv.). As prep. towards, up to, till, as far as (acc. or abl.); except, but, save (acc.); all the way or time from (abl.); in, at, on (loc.).

2 ā excl., esp. of sudden remembrance.

ā ā́, ad. near (vbl. px.: reverses the meaning
of verbs of giving and going; besides, also;
quite, entirely, just (emphatic); px. w. pt. &
a. somewhat, a little; scarcely; -iṣ; px. forming
ad. & a. up to, till; prp. up to (after ac.,
before ab.); except (before ac.); from (ab.); at,
on, in, near (after lc.); °-, from, up to.

ā ā, ij. esp. of sudden recollection, ah! oh!

1. ā the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.

2. ā ind. a particle of reminiscence, Pāṇ. i, 1, 14; Pat.

also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, L. [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]

3. ā m. N. of Śiva, L.

grandfather, L.

ā f. N. of Lakṣmī, L.

4. ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (See ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, RV. i, 10, 11 and v, 64, 5, a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, RV.

(with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, RV.

(with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, AitBr.

(with a preceding abl.) from, RV.; AV.

out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), RV.

towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), RV.

(with a following abl. cf. Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13 & 3, 10) up to, to, as far as, RV.; AV. &c.

from, RV. i, 30, 21

(with a preceding loc.) in, at, on RV.; AV. (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), RV.

(after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), RV., (after a verb), RV. v, 7, 7; KenaUp.

(as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, RV. x, 16, 11, or after both, RV. x, 92, 8] or, if there are more, after the last [RV. iv, 57, 1 and x, 75, 5]; See also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, Pañcat. (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)

ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, MBh. ii, 531

ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)

ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), MBh. iii, 1403

ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’

ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, R. i, 1, 12

ā́ (See also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)

ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18 Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, Ragh. xvi, 51

ā́ (See also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on Ragh. iii, 8) occasionally give to ā in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.

ā The second letter of the alphabet, corresponding to A long, as in
far, and written in the Roman character Ā.

ā ind.

1. A particle of reminiscence, (ah! oh!)

2. A conjunction
disjunctive, (but)

3. A particle of compassion, (ah! alas!)

4.
A conjunction copulative, (and.) This particle remains unaltered
in orthography even before vowels.

ā or āṅ A particle, and prefix to words, implying;

1. Diminu-
tion, (a little.)

2. Limit inceptive, (from, from thence, or that
time.)

3. Limit conclusive, (until, unto, as far as.)

4. Prefixed to
verbs it extends or reverses their meaning, as ruha to rise, āruha
to ascend, to mount, and gama to go, āgama to come.

5. In composi-
tion with nouns it forms indeclinables, either crude, as ājānu to
the knee, or with the terminations of the objective or ablative
case, as āsamudraṃ or āsamudrāt as far as to the ocean.

6. A particle
of menace or of pain, (ah! alas!) this is more correctly written
ās

E. āp to pervade, to obtain, and ḍāṅ affix, pa is dropped.

ā

m. (āḥ) A name of MAHĀDEVA.

ā ind. A particle of assent, yes, verily.

E. ama to go, kvip affix, a be-
comes ā

ā The second letter of the Alphabet.

ā 1 Used as a particle or interjection showing (a) assent; 'yes', 'verily'. (b) Compassion (anukampā) 'Ah'. (c) Pain or regret (usually written ās or aḥ q. v.), 'alas'. (d) Recollection (smaraṇa). 'Ah', 'Oh'; ā evaṃ kilāsīt U.6. (e) But (used as a disjunctive conjunction). (f) And (used as a cumulative conjunction). (g) Sometimes used as an expletive; ā evaṃ manyase. In all these senses ā is treated as a Pragṛihya vowel (does not form any Sandhi with a following vowel) P.I.1.14. (h) It shows 'anger' also. -2 (As a prefix to verbs and nouns.) (a) it expresses the senses of near, near to, towards, from all sides, all around (see the several verbs). (b) With verbs of motion, taking, carrying &c. it shows the reverse of the action; as gam to go, āgam to come; dā to give, ādā to take; nī to carry, ānī to bring. -3 (As a separable preposition with abl.) it shows either (a) the limit inceptive (abhividhi), from, ever since, away from, out of, off, from among; ā mūlāt śrotumicchāmi Ś.1; bahubhya ā from out of many; ā janmanaḥ Ś.5.25 ever since (her) birth; ā manoḥ U.6.18. (b) Or, it expresses the limit exclusive or conclusive (maryādā), till, until, upto, as far as, unto; āṅ maryādābhividhyoḥ P.II.1.13; see abhividhi; ā paritoṣādviduṣām Ś.1.2 till the learned are satisfied; ā kailāsāt Me.11 upto or as far as Kailāsa; odakāntāt Ś.4; U.1.37; V.2.2. In this sense ā sometimes governs the acc.; śatamā jātīḥ upto a hundred births. (c) In both these senses ā frequently enters into compound, forming either Avyayībhāva comp. or compound adjectives; ābālaṃ (or ā bālebhyaḥ) haribhaktiḥ commencing with or including children; āmukti (or ā mukteḥ) saṃsāraḥ Sk. till final emancipation; āmekhalam Ku. 1.5 as far as; āmaraṇam Pt.1 till death; āgopālaṃ nanṛtuḥ K.70 down to the cowherd; āgopālā dvijātayaḥ including the cowherds. Sometimes the compound so formed stands as the first member of other compounds, so'hamājanmaśuddhānāmāphalodayakarmaṇām | āsamudrakṣitīśānāmānākarathavartmanām R.1.5; āgaṇḍavilambi Ś.6.17; ākarṇalambi M.5.10. (d) Used with loc. it has the sense of 'in', 'at' (mostly Ved.); gāvo na yavaseṣvā Rv.1.91.13. -4 With adjectives (or sometimes with nouns) ā has a diminutive force; āpañjara a. Little red, reddish; āpiñjarā baddharajaḥkaṇatvānmañjaryudārā śuśubhe'rjunasya R.16.51; āpāṇḍura a little white, whitish; ālakṣya Ś.7.18. slightly visible; ākampaḥ gentle shaking; so ānīla, ārakta. -5 (As a separable adverb) ā chiefly occurs in the Vedas and means near, near to, or towards, there to, further; and also, even; in many cases it emphasizes the word which precedes it, and when placed after prepositions it strengthens their sense. ā pragṛhye smṛtau vākye paritāpe pitāmahe | ghaṭe bhāve ca ā'stu syādavyayaṃ kopapīḍayoḥ | āṅīṣadarthe'bhivyāptau sīmārthe dhātu- yogaje || Nm.

ā, āḥ 1 N. of Śiva. -2 Grand father.

ā ā, 2e lettre de l'alphabet. Elle est égale à deux a.

ā ā (pfx.) à, vers: āgacchāmi je vais à.

Avec l'ab. et qqf. l'ac., jusque, en decà: āsamudrāt jusqu'à la mer.

Avec les mots qui expriment les couleurs et généralement les quantités, ā signifie aussi en deçà, tirant sur: nīla bleu, ānīla bleuâtre.

Avec les mots qui expriment le mouvement, ā prend souvent un sens réfléchi: karṣāmi tirer, ākarṣāmi tirer à soi, attirer.

Cf. l' grec dans venant de , etc.

1 ā prép. (abl. ou iic.) vers, dans un délai de, jusqu'à (temp. et local); à partir de, depuis; préf. marquant devant les noms l'extension ou une faible quantité; devant les verbes, la direction vers ou le retour au sujet.

2 ā- thème pron. fém. v. idam-.

1. ā interj.

1) smṛtau oder smaraṇe wenn man sich auf Etwas besinnt Kār. im BHĀṢYA zu P. 1, 1, 14. AK. 3, 4, 32, (COL. 28,) 1. H. an. 7, 1. MED. avy. 3 (statt āḥ ist ā zu lesen). ā evaṃ kila tat P. 1, 1, 14, Sch. ā jñātam (v. l. āṃ jñātaṃ mayā) PRAB. 46. 4.

— 2) vākye (aber nach COLEBR.) diess. ā evaṃ nu manyase P. 1, 1, 14, Sch.

— 3) anukampāyām MED.

— 4) samuccaye MED. - ŚĀK. 44, 12 und 85, 15, v. l. ist wohl āḥ (s. u. ās) für ā zu lesen; PRAB. 111, 15 haben die Scholien gleichfalls āḥ vācāle st. ā vā° . — Die Interjection ā geht nach P. 1, 1, 14 (vgl. die Kār. dazu) keine euphonische Verbindung mit andern Vocalen ein.

2. ā

1) adv.

a) her, herzu: ā tū nâ indra kauśika mandasā̀naḥ sùtaṃ pîba ṚV. 1, 10, 11. ànùkā̀maṃ târpayethā̀mindrā̂varuṇa rā̀ya ā 17, 3. ā pra drâva AV. 3, 4, 5. ā pra yā̂tu parā̀vatâḥ 6, 35, 1. ā pra cyâvethām 18, 4, 49. In dieser Bedeutung überaus häufig in Verbindung mit Verben der Bewegung.

— b) anreihend: dazu, ferner, auch, und: sarvâṃ pàṇeḥ samâvindantà bhojânàmaśvā̂vantàṃ gomântàmā pàśuṃ narâḥ ṚV. 1, 83, 4. (tanmahyamāhuḥ) tadàyaṃ ketô hṛ̀da ā vi cáṣṭe 24, 12. màhāngarbhò mahyā jā̀tamêṣām 3, 31, 3. udidā̂bhyàḥ śucìrā pū̀ta êmi 10, 17, 10. apà dveṣā̀ṃsyā kṛ̂dhi 3, 16, 5. śàtamā sàhasrâm 2, 14, 7. mìmìkṣvā samiḻā̂bhìrā 1, 48, 16. 7, 2. 150, 1. 4, 11, 1. 12, 2.

— c) steigernd und hervorhebend: zumal, ganz, gar; nicht selten dient es nur um auf das Wort, nach welchem es steht, den Nachdruck zu werfen. adhâ svànānmàrutā̀ṃ viśvàmā sadmà pārthîvam . arêjantà pra mānûṣāḥ ṚV. 1, 38, 10. ko vò varṣîṣṭhà ā nâraḥ 37, 6. tatsu nò viśvê àrya ā sadā̂ gṛṇanti kā̀ravâḥ 6, 45, 33. baḻìtthā mâhìmā vā̀mindrā̂gnī̀ panîṣṭhà ā 59, 2. yaḥ sûnvàte pacâte dùdhra ā cît 2, 12, 15. muhùrā 4, 7. 7, 20, 2. pra bôdhayā̀ purâṃdhiṃ jā̀ra ā sâsàtīmîva 1, 134, 3. udī̂raya pìtarā̂ jā̀ra ā bhagâm 10, 11, 6. 22, 3. AV. 6, 33, 1. 7, 22, 1. taddevā jyotiṣāṃ jyotirāyurhyopāsate 'mṛtam ŚAT. BR. 14, 7, 2, 20 (= BṚH. ĀR. UP. 4, 4, 16). 9, 2, 3, 44. tasyaiṣa ādeśo yadetadvidyuto vyadyutadā itīti nyamīmiṣadā KENOP. 29. Aus Stellen wie ein Theil der hier angeführten wurde die Bedeutung wie abgeleitet, welche aber nicht unmittelbar im Worte liegt. NIR. 3, 13. ŚAṂK. zu KENOP. 19.

— d) zur Verstärkung oder näheren Bestimmung verschiedener praepp. dienend; bei antar ṚV. 9, 67, 23. adhi 73, 5. 6. anu 2, 38, 7. sacā 1, 9, 3. S. u. d. Ww.

— 2) praep.

a) zu - hin, bis an, bis zu, bis auf, bevor:

α) mit vorang. acc.: tām̐ ā madā̂ya vajrahasta pī̀tayè harîbhyāṃ yā̀hyokà ā ṚV. 7, 32, 4. ṛ̀tasyà yonìmā 9, 66, 12. (dhāvati) sàpta pràvatà ā divâm 54, 2. joṣàmā 8, 83, 6. 7, 43, 4.

— β) mit folg. acc., häufig im ŚAT. BR. in Verbindung mit it, wozu ein Zeitwort der Bewegung zu ergänzen: etpuroḍāśameva kūrmaṃ bhūtaṃ sarpantam 1, 6, 2, 3. punarema iti devā edagniṃ tirobhūtam 2, 2, 3, 3. 4, 12. 3, 4, 2. 4, 1, 3, 4. 11, 5, 1, 4. 11.

— γ) mit folg. abl. P. 2, 1, 13. 3, 10. svàstyā gṛ̀hebhyà āvàsā ā vìmocanā̂t ṚV. 3, 53, 20. āsyā yàjñasyòdṛcâḥ VS. 4, 9. ā mūlā̂t AV. 7, 59, 1. 12, 4, 16. ā jârìmṇaḥ 18, 3, 62. 1, 14, 3. śīrṣṇa ā pucchāt ŚAT. BR. 10, 2, 1, 9. 3, 1, 3, 9. 12, 8, 3, 17. aitasmātkālāt 4, 2, 4, 5. 1, 5, 2, 9. 2, 4, 2, 21. 3, 2, 1, 7. yadidaṃ kiṃ ca mithunamā pipīlikābhyaḥ 14, 4, 2, 9 (= BṚH. ĀR. UP. 1, 4, 4). yattapastapyata ā maithunāt 10, 4, 4, 4. KĀTY. ŚR. 2, 2, 2. 6, 9. 12, 4, 1. 6, 18. ā samudrāttu vai pūrvādā samudrāttu paścimāt . tayorevāntaraṃ giryorāryāvartaṃ vidurbudhāḥ .. M. 2, 22. ā haiva sa nakhāgrebhyaḥ paramaṃ tapyate tapaḥ 167. ā ṣoḍaśāt bis zum 16ten (Jahre) 38. ārkadarśanāt 101. 108. 171. 243. 244. 3, 279. 4, 137. 5, 88. 158. 6, 31. 9, 70. 89. 10, 64. 91. 104. YĀJÑ. 3, 23. MBH. 1, 4405. BHAG. 8, 16. R. 1, 6, 25. 2, 32, 32. 38. 3, 34, 23. 46, 2. udayaṃ parvataṃ gatvā ā māsādvinivartata bevor ein Monat um ist, in Monatsfrist 4, 40, 69. 58, 34. ŚĀK. 2. 26. 71, 10. RAGH. 1, 90. 91. An das subst. tritt pleon. noch anta Grenze: odakāntāt ŚĀK. 54, 21.

— δ) verbindet sich mit dem regierten Worte zu einem adv. comp. P. 2, 1, 13. aśvāpadānyākīṭapataṃgapipīlakam CHĀND. UP. 7, 2, 1. 8, 1. āsapiṇḍakriyākarma M. 3, 247. ākarṇamūlamākṛṣya (kārmukam) R. 4, 9, 106. āmaraṇam PAÑCAT. I, 44. maṇibandhādākaniṣṭhaṃ karasya karabho bahiḥ AK. 2, 6, 2, 32. āvatsarāntam KATHĀS. 23, 20. 10, 208. VID. 54. ākumāraṃ yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ P. 2, 1, 13, Sch. ādṛṣṭiprasaram (so ist zu lesen) AMAR. 74. Statt āsamudrānte R. 4, 37, 3 ist wohl °ntam zu lesen. Am Anf. eines comp. ohne Flexionszeichen: āyojanasugandhin MBH. 1, 6965. ājānubāhu dessen Arme bis an die Knie reichen R. 1, 1, 12. ākarṇamuktairiṣubhiḥ 3, 69, 16. RAGH. 1, 5. ŚĀK. 80. 145. VID. 21. āmaraṇānta ( HIT. I, 180) oder āmaraṇāntika ( M. 9, 101. MBH. 3, 8333) sich bis zum Tode erstreckend. Vgl. ājarasam, āvyuṣam, otsūryam .

— ε) bildet mit dem reg. Worte ein adj. comp.: āsaptamāṃstasya (die siebente Welt mit) lokānhinasti MUṆḌ. UP. 1, 2, 3. āgopālā dvijātayaḥ MBH. 2, 531. kulamāsaptamaṃ (kann auch adv. sein) hanti R. 4, 34, 16. YĀJÑ. 1, 205.

— b) von - her, von - aus, von - weg, von - an:

α) mit folg. abl.: trirā dìvaḥ sâvitàrvāryā̂ṇi dìve dî vè ā sûvà trirnò ahnâḥ ṚV. 3, 56, 6. 7. ā pârā̀vatâḥ 1, 92, 3. 17. āntā̀dā pârā̀kāt 30, 21. śyèno hàvyaṃ nâyàtvā parâsmāt AV. 3, 3, 4. ā prajāpatito manoḥ MBH. 1, 3756. R. 1, 5, 1. RAGH. 1, 17. ā bālyāttāpaso 'bhavam KATHĀS. 24, 186. ā janmanaḥ (v. l. janmataḥ) ŚĀK. 121. ā mūlācchrotumicchāmi 14, 19. KATHĀS. 25, 195. ā mūlataḥ 12, 191. VID. 130. Mit folg. prabhṛti in einer Prākṛt-Stelle: ā mūlādo pahudi ŚĀK. CH. 13, 6.

— β) mit vorang. abl.: avā̂daho dìva ā dasyûm ṚV. 1, 33, 7. sàmā̀nādā sadâsaḥ 2, 17, 7. àsmadā nìdo vàdhairâjeta durmàtim 1, 129, 6. 8, 66, 6. AV. 4, 15, 11.

— γ) bildet mit dem reg. Worte ein adv. comp.: māṃ cāpi - jānanti hyākumāram MBH. 3, 1403. sarvamājanma vṛttāntaṃ (so ist zu trennen) vistarādidamabravīt KATHĀS. 2, 29 (vgl. 28 : tadbrūhi nijavṛttāntaṃ janmanaḥ prabhṛti). In āśiraḥpādam vom Kopfe bis zu den Füssen 4, 53 ist Anfang und Ende mit ā zu einem comp. verbunden. Am Anf. eines comp. ohne Flexionszeichen: ājanmaśuddhānām RAGH. 1, 5. KATHĀS. 21, 122. Auch bei dieser Bedeutung mit pleon. anta Grenze: āmajjanāntaṃ vṛttāntaṃ sakhyustasya ca varṇayan KATHĀS. 10, 69.

— c) aus, von, unter, zur Hervorhebung eines Einzelnen unter Mehreren: yaścìddhi tvā̂ bàhubhyà ā sùtāvā̂m̐ ā̀vivā̂sati ṚV. 1, 84, 9. 20. yastè sakhîbhyà ā varâm 4, 4.

— d) in, bei, mit dem loc. NIR. 5, 5. damà ā ṚV. 1, 61, 9. 73, 4. gāvò na yavâsèṣvā 91, 13. kiyā̀tyā 113, 10. ùpā̀ka ā 27, 6. śàràṇa ā 150, 1. 82, 2. 112, 17. 2, 30, 1. 4, 11, 1. àbhra ā 5, 48, 1. sīdànyonā̀ vanèṣvā 9, 62, 8. ajī̂jano amṛtà martyèṣvā 9, 110, 4. 73, 7. maryàṃ na yoṣā̂ kṛṇute sàdhasthà ā 10, 40, 2. sàmùdra ā gū̀ḻham 72, 7. varà ā pṛ̂thìvyāḥ AV. 7, 8, 1. 16, 4, 2.

— e) im comp. mit einem adj. oder partic. etwas, ein wenig, kaum P. 2, 2, 18, SAUN. Vārtt. 3. Scheinbar adv., aber ursprünglich gewiss praep. und zwar in der unter a. aufgeführten Bedeutung: āpīta bis zum Gelben angelangt, gelblich R. 2, 76, 4. ālohita v. l. zu ŚĀK. 69, 2. ānīla bläulich H. 1239. RAGH. 3, 8. āpiñcara 16, 51. āpāṇḍura AMAR. 89. oṣṇa (ā + uṣṇa) P. 1, 1, 14, Sch. ākuṭila etwas gebogen ŚĀK. 184. ātiraścīna etwas in die Quere gehend DAŚAK. in BENF. Chr. 198, 23. āpakva (s. d.) AK. 2, 9, 47. ālola BHARTṚ. 3, 48 (ālolāyatalocanāḥ). ālakṣya kaum, eben sichtbar ŚĀK. 176. ābhugna ein wenig gebogen RAGH. 1, 83. — Um diese Partikel von der interj. ā zu unterscheiden, versehen die indischen Grammatiker und Lexicographen dieselbe mit einem ṅ am Ende (āṅ). P. 1, 1, 14. 4, 89. 2, 1, 13. 3, 10. VOP. 1, 8. 2, 19. AK. 3, 4, 32, (COL. 28,) 1. H. an. 7, 2. MED. avy. 13. Euphonische Regeln in Betreff dieses ā P. 6, 1, 74. 95. 126 (ām̐). VOP. 2, 5. 19. In vielen in Europa gedruckten Werken, in denen sonst die Trennung der Wörter beobachtet wird, findet man ā mit einem folgenden abl. fälschlich zu einem comp. verbunden.

3. ā

1) m., Śiva PURUṢ. im ŚKDR.

— 2) f. Lakṣmī H. 226.

2. ā

2)

a)

β) bis auf, bis exclusive: trayaśca vā ete tryahā ā daśamamaharā dvāvatirātrau yaddvādaśāhaḥ der Dvād. besteht nach Abzug (parityajya SĀY.) des zehnten Tages und der beiden Atirātra aus drei Tryaha AIT. BR. 4, 24. Zu der Verbindung et ist nicht ein Zeiltwort der Bewegung (was auch die Comm. annehmen), sondern der Wahrnehmung zu ergänzen: sie heisst sieh da! mit acc., z. B. punaraimītyettirobhūtām (als Urvaśi ihn wie am hellen Tage nackt sah, da verschwand sie:) ich kehre wieder um, dachte (und that) er, sieh, da war sie verschwunden! ŚAT. BR. 11, 5, 1, 4. Eine andere Aussprache dafür ist ait AIT. BR. 2, 13, wo zu übersetzen ist: Menschen und Ṛṣi kamen auf den (verlassenen) Opferplatz der Götter um eine Spur su suchen, mittelst welcher sie im Opfer sich zurechtfänden, Während sie überall umherliefen, sieh, da lag ein ausgeweidetes Thier! Daran erkannten sie u. s. w.

— γ) bis zu, bis exclusive (wie unter β) KĀTY. ŚR. 4, 13, 16. ā tataḥ ṚV. PRĀT. 11, 9. - Z. 10 M. 10, 64 gehört zu

b)

α).

— e) Z. 6 lies āpiñjara .

3. ā m. angeblich auch = pitāmaha und vākya EKĀKṢARĀBHIDHĀNA im AGNI-P. ŚKDR.

ā́, aus *ana entstanden und daher zum griech. ἀνά goth. ana [Cu. 421] zu stellen. Die Grundbedeutung ist „an”, sodass es sich zunächst auf die Begrenzung oder Oberfläche, auf die unmittelbare Nähe bezieht. Daher heisst es als Richtungswort „heran, herbei” (d. h. sich bis in die unmittelbare Nähe des Redenden bewegend) oder „hinan, hinzu” (sich bis in die unmittelbare Nähe des vorgestellten Gegenstandes bewegend). Daher bezeichnet es als Präposition mit folgendem Ablativ „bis an, bis zu”; während es als Präposition mit vorangehendem Accusativ, Ablativ, Locativ nur die örtliche Bedeutung dieser Casus stärker hervorhebt. Doch ist diese Stellung in beiden Fällen nicht eine unabänderlich feste. Als Bindewort ist es anreihend, in der Bedeutung „und”, d. h. sich hieran (an das Gesagte) anschliessend, hierzu hinzutretend. Endlich als Andeuter hebt es das nächst vorhergehende (betonte) Wort in dem Sinne hervor, dass dessen Begriff in seinem vollen Umfange, in seiner recht eigentlichen Bedeutung gelten solle. So verbindet es sich als.

Richtungswort mit den Verben: ac, aj, añj, ar, 2. as, āp, i, idh, inv, 2. iṣ, īr, īṣ, ukṣ, ṛñj, 2. kir, kū, kṛ, krand, kram, 1. kṣi, khan, khād, khid, khyā, gadh, gam 1. 2. gā, grabh, 1. ghar, ghuṣ, cakṣ, car, 1. ci, cit, cyu, jan, ji, jinv, jñā, taṃs, takṣ, 1. tan, tap, tar, tuj, tud, tṛd, tṛp, dagh, dabh, dar, daśasy, 1. 3. dā, diś, 2. dī, dīp, duh, dṛ, dṛś, 1. dhā, dhāv, dhī, dhunay, dhū, dhṛ, dhṛṣ, nam, 2. naś, han, nī, 1. nu, nṛt, 1. pat, pan, par, 2. pā, pi, piś, pur, pū, pṛc, pṛch, pyā, prath, prā, prī, budh, brū, bhaj, bhan, bhā, bhū, bhūṣ, bhṛ, man, mah, 1. mā, mih, mī, mur, muṣ, muṣay, mṛj, myakṣ, yaj, yat, yam, 1. yu, yuj, yudh, rakṣ, rabh, ri, rich, riś, riṣ, rih, 1. ru, ruc, ruj, 1. rudh, ruh, labh, vac, vañc, vad, vadh, van, varh, 3. vas, vah, 1. vā, vid, vivās, viś, vī, vṛ, vṛj, vṛt, vṛdh, vṛṣ, vraśc, śaṃs, śak, śā, śās, śir, śī, śuc, cri, 1. śru, śrus, śvas, sac, saj, sad, si, sic, su, sū, sṛ, sṛj, skabh, stubh, sthā, svar, svid, han, hary, hi, hu, hū, hṛ, hvṛ. Hiervon ist nicht wesentlich verschieden der Fall, wo es in Verbindung mit einem Vocativ die Bedeutung heran, herbei hat: {10,11}; {418,5}, indem hier der Imperativ eines Verbs des Kommens zu ergänzen ist.

Praep. mit vorhergehendem Acc.: 1) hin zu (örtlich), víśas (aś mit prá) {121,1}; (i mit antár) {298,3}; rájas {141,7}; barhís (sad) {142,7}; vásyas (nī) {192,16}; tā́n, ókas (yā) {548,4}; índram (syad) {739,6}); (kṣar) {778,28}; yónim (sad) {744,4}; {773,21}; {776,11}; {777,19}; (gam) {776,17}; {778,12}; pravátas (dhāv) {766,2}; eingeschoben: nas … gṛhám (gam mit ā́) {848,6}; 2) mit einem Abstractum: zu (den Zweck ausdrückend), jóṣam, zum Genusse, zur Sättigung {77,5}; {559,4}; {639,28}; {703,6}; váram, zum Heile, zur Freude {88,2}; {230,2}; {522,6}; {586,5. 6}; {809,22}; {942,2}; 3) mit ánu verbunden, s. ánu.

Praep. mit folgendem Abl.: 1) bis an, bis hin (räumlich), gṛhébhias {287,20}; samudrā́t {611,2}; parāvátas {92,3}; divás {92,17}; ántāt (divás) {295,4}; gós {318,4}; {319,6}; 2) (zeitlich) vimócanāt {287,20}; nídhātos {41,9}; nimrúcas {161,10}; {151,5}; 3) für, um Willen, … gós {299,9}; 4) von — her, ántāt, parākáat {30,21}.

Praep. mit vorhergehendem Abl.: 1) von — her (räumlich), divás {72,8}; {134,4}; {168,4}; {408,1}; divás cid {273,2}; párvatāt {397,11}; pitṛ́bhyas {401,1}; {119,4}; dūrā́t cid {479,2}; gṛbhā́t {537,2}; asmát {917,12}; urós {808,3}; āsás {615,7}; samānā́t … sádasas {208,7}; 2) aus (räumlich), avatā́t {116,22}; ārdrā́t {204,6}; hotrā́t {227,1}; potrā́t 2; brā́hmaṇāt {227,5}; praśāstrā́t {227,6}; giríbhyas {686,6}; 3) von wo stammend, tvát {264,1}; asmát (von unserer Partei) {846,8}; 4) aus etwas machen, kṣétrāt {119,7}; víśvasmāt ā́ janúṣas {208,6}; 5) aus dem Herzen, hṛdás {24,12}; {60,3}; {226,2}; 6) von — hinweg (räumlich), divás {33,7}; asmát {129,6}; {638,11}; {817,6}; 7) vor andern, d. h. in höherm, vorzüglichern Grade als andere, sakhíbhyas {4,4}; {757,2}; bahúbhyas {84,9}; carṣaṇíbhyas {84,20}; {333,8}; tisṛ́bhyas {196,5}; saptábhyas {851,11}; 8) zu — hin, wo man die umgekehrte Stellung erwarten sollte, asmát {92,16}; {144,3}; {410,3}; 9) ádhi ā́ s. unter ádhi.

Praep. mit vorhergehendem Loc.: 1) den Ort bezeichnend, an dem etwas sich befindet, oder (bei Verben der Bewegung) an den etwas hingelangt, also an, auf, in, bei, zu, pastíāsu {25,10}; mā́nuṣeṣu {25,15}; {58,6}; upäké {27,6}; {307,1}; upásthe {31,9}; {786,5}; mádhye {33,11}; {164,30}; ádhvan {37,13}; {492,15}; {692,6}; dhánvan cid {38,7}; dáme {60,4}; {61,9}; {71,6}; {73,4}; {195,3}; {237,9}; {298,8}; {301,15}; {397,12}; {442,6}; {453,4}; 528,2: {558,4}; dámeṣu {199,3}; {711,11}; rátheṣu {85,4}; {87,2}; {415,12}; ráthe {269,1}; {371,4}; samāné … ráthe {500,5}; yávaseṣu {91,13}; {701,12}; triṣú {105,5}; parāké, astamīké {129,9}; ájman {112,17}; {472,2}; apsú {135,6}; {247,4}; {256,2}; {398,6}; yā́su (mātṛ́ṣu) {141,5}; ṛté {141,11}; {164,8}; {448,1}; váne {148,4}; {517,19}; {800,5}; {801,1}; pṛtsú {202,15}; váneṣu {263,6}; {774,8}; padé {149,1}; śáraṇe {150,1}; sadhásthe {240,4}; {418,5}; {665,20}; {866,2}; {890,8}; devéṣu {250,4}; yajñíyeṣu {548,13}; váre {257,4}; {287,11}; sádane {285,3}; váriman {293,3}; {350,4}; {854,2}; {855,7}; mártieṣu {297,1}; {428,8}; {456,3}; {631,1}; {680,11}; {822,4}; duroṇé {320,8}; {532,8}; {639,27}; {696,2}; {866,13}; citríṇīṣu {328,2}; dūré {361,4}; abhré {402,1}; dhruvé {450,4}; sioné {457,42}; gaṇé {481,1}; nā́huṣīṣu {487,7}; {626,24}; áśvayos {488,9}; ū́rmiāsu {489,6}; tanū́ṣu {640,26}; {777,30}; vikṣú {643,10}; {659,7}; gabhīré {676,11}; rájaḥsu {686,5}; {869,8}; camaséṣu {691,7}; kaláśeṣu {720,6}; {724,5}; pavítre {751,4}; {755,5}; {756,3}; {764,1}; {773,8}; {775,16}; {776,12}; {785,7. 9}; {797,10}; {798,22. 23}; camū́ṣu {775,2}; {811,8}; nadī́ṣu {780,6}; {788,1}; {819,13}; kóśe {787,3}; óṣadhīṣu {796,3}; samudré {797,10}; {898,7}; jáneṣu {848,2}; {890,11}; {1022,3}; kṣéme {853,4}; dharúṇe {870,4}; vakṣáṇāsu {875,10}; jaṭháre {922,13}; — eingeschoben: své … dáme {143,4}; {193,4}; {226,7}; {823,2}; druhyaú … jáne {487,8}; 2) bei einer Handlung, oder in einem Zustande, dhīṣú {17,8}; bháge {225,8}; samaryé {242,5}; {713,7}; samátsu {660,1}; {643,12}; mádeṣu {773,1}; {818,3}; ájmeṣu {441,7}; yā́man {320,2}; vraté {229,2}; várṇe {192,12}; bhayé {218,5}; uraú … śárman {218,16}; 3) zeitlich: an, in, áhan {887,1}; mádhye {647,20}; śaśvatīṣu {669,17}; kíyāti {113,10}; {221,1}; 4) antár ā́, sácā ā́ s. unter antár und sácā.

Praep. mit Adverbien, die die Casus vertreten: asmadhríak ā́, zu uns her {805,4}; sanutár ā́, weit hinweg {492,2}; átas cid ā́, von dort her auch {314,1}. Die Verbindungen mit andern Präpositionen s. unter den Casus.

Conjunction und 1) zwischen die beiden zu verbindenden Worte gestellt: bhójanam … paśúm {83,4}; várṇe … saṃdṛ́śi {192,12}; śatám … sahásram {205,7}; divás … pṛthivyā́s ({317,3}); {499,4}; {522,7}; {555,5} (in {688,4} ist ā́ zu streichen; in {341,2} wol támasā zu lesen); śúcis … pūtás {843,10}; paśvás … gós {926,12}; 2) bei mehrfacher Aufzählung am Schlusse des letzten: {353,1}; {901,5}; so {842,11} devébhyas ca pitṛ́bhyas ā́, oder in beiden Gliedern wiederholt {918,8} sū́ras cid ā́... índrāt ā́...; 3) hinter demjenigen Worte (den Worten) des angeknüpften Satztheiles, welches buchstäblich oder dem Sinne nach mit einem Worte des ersten Satztheiles stimmt, also vor dem als neu angeknüpften, z. B. {265,3} mahā́n gárbhas máhi ā́ jātám eṣām; {7,2}; {460,1}; {806,4}; {901,5}; {307,1}; 4) am Schlusse oder vor dem schliessenden Verb des angeknüpften Satztheiles: {48,16}; {150,1}; {250,5}; {308,2}; {441,3}; so ist auch wol in {1022,4} (sanvantu ā́ vásu) ā́ als Conjunction zu fassen.

Hervorhebende Partikel 1) nach Wörtern der Zahl oder des Grades, um auszudrücken, dass diese Zahl oder dieser Grad ganz erreicht sei: trís {20,7}; besonders in der Formel trís ā́ divás, je dreimal des Tages {142,3}; {288,11}; {290,5—8}; víśvam {38,10}; {402,2}; {780,9}; ásāmi {848,3}; ubháyāsas {517,20}; ī́vat {666,21}; várṣiṣṭhas {37,6}; pániṣṭhas {500,2}; sadyás {122,14}; múhur {195,5}; {536,2}; 2) so nach Adj. oder Adv., die einer Steigerung fähig sind, um einen recht hohen Grad zu bezeichnen, recht: mandānā́s cid {610,11}; máhi {265,14}; tṛpát {266,2}; manuṣvát {105,13. 14}; ähnlich wol beim Infin. dāváne {122,5} und bei smát {887,8}; 3) bei Subst. und Adj. in dem Sinne: sich recht als solchen zeigend, recht als, recht wie: durévas {457,31}; devás {307,6}; {631,1}; jārás {134,3}; {837,6}; aryás {486,33}; {703,3}; {773,11}; {1017,1}; sómas {278,1}; dhartā́ram {738,2}; so auch jātás … harmiéṣu {872,3}; śriyeś … {806,4}; 4) hinter Verben: {361,7} dā́tā ná dā́ti ā́ paśús.

1. ā́

— 1) Adv.

— a) heran , herbei.

— b) dazu , ferner , auch.

— c) das vorangehende Wort steigernd und hervorhebend ; gerade , recht , zumal. Oft nur durch stärkere Betonung des vorangehenden Wortes wiederzugeben.

— 2) Praep.

— a) mit vorangehendem Acc. zu — hin , bis an , — zu.

— b) mit folgendem Acc. mit Ausschluss von.

— c) mit vorangehendem Abl.

— α) von — her , — aus , — weg , — an.

— β) aus , von , unter (zur Hervorhebung eines Einzelnen unter Mehreren).

— d) mit folgendem Abl.

— α) bis zu (einem best. Orte , Zeitpunkte oder Eintritt eines Falls).

— β) von — an.

— e) mit vorangehendem Loc. an , auf , in , bei , zu.

— 3) am Anf. eines Comp.

— a) eines Adj. bis zu — sich erstreckend.

— b) eines Adv. bis zu.

— c) vor einem Adj. oder Subst. etwas , ein wenig , kaum ; gering.

2. ā Interj. , insbes. als Ausruf eines sich auf Etwas Besinnenden.

3. *ā

— 1) m.

— a) Bein. Śiva's.

— b) Grossvater.

— c) Rede.

— 2) f. Bein. der Lakṣmī.

1. ā́ Adv. heran, herbei; dazu, ferner; eben, recht, gerade; °— etwas, ein wenig, kaum (bei Adj. u. Subst.); bis zu (bei Adj. u. Adv.). Praep. zu—hin, bis zu (nach Acc. u. vor Abl.); bis auf, ausgenommen (vor Acc.); von — her von— an (vor o. nach Abl.); auf, in, bei, zu (nach Loc.).

2. ā Interj., (bes. beiplötzlicher Erinnerung).

1. ā 3. auch in der Bedeutung von 2. c)a).

ā Praep. praef. 1) ad, v. gr. 111. 2) in conjunctione cum

ablat. substantivi, usque ad, tenus, aut cum inclusione

aut cum exclusione rei. BH. 8. 16. SAK. 21. 4. In compo-

sitione cum vocibus quae colorem indicant idem valet quod

lat. sub et nostrum suffixum lich, e. c. anīla subni-

ger, schwärzlich.

ā avya0 āpa—kvip pṛ0 palopaḥ . 1 vākye (vākyasyānya-
thātvadyotane pūrvvaṃmevamamaṃsthā idānīmevamiti pratipādane)
2 smṛtau (ā evaṃ manyase iti smṛtasyānyathā pratipādane)
3 anukampāyām . 4 samuccaye, 5 aṅgīkāre, 6 īṣadarthe
7 kriyāyoge, 8 sīmāyāṃ 9 vyāptau ca . vākyasmṛtibhinne-
'sya ṅittvamicchanti aṅito'sya ekājnipātatvāt pragṛ-
hyasaṃjñā ṅitastu na . atavoktam “maryyādāyāmabhividhau
kriyāyogeṣadarthayoḥ . ya ākāraḥ sa ṅit proktaḥ vākya-
smaraṇayoraṅit” tatra sīmāyām ā—ātmabodhāt
ātmabodhāt “laukikaṃ tadvadevedaṃ pramāṇaṃ tvātmaniścayāt” .
vyāptau brahmāstyāsakalāt . sakalaṃ vyāpyetyarthaḥ . etadarthe
vikalpena avyayībhāvaḥ . ātmabodham . āsakalam . dhātuyogaḥ
upasargaḥ . yathā āgacchat grāmāt . īṣadarthe ākampaḥ
ākekaraḥ . vākyañca vākyārthadyotakatā . smaraṇaṃ pramāṇā-
ntarāvāvagatasya natu śabdamātreṇāvagatasyeti tayorbhedaḥ .

ā “ākārovijayo'nantodīrghacchāyovināyakaḥ . kṣīro-
dadhipayodaśca pāśodīrghāsyavṛttake . pracaṇḍaekajorudro-
nārāyaṇaibheśvaraḥ . pratiṣṭhā mānadā kānto viśvānta-
kagajā ntakau . pitāmahodviṭhāntobhrūḥ kriyā kāntiśca
sambhavaḥ . dvitīyā mānadā kāśī vighnarājaḥ kujīvi
yat . surāntakaśca hṛdayañcāṅguṣṭhobhagamālinī .

ā “ākāraṃ paramāścaryyaṃ śaṅkhajyotirmayaṃ priye! . brahmaviṣṇu
mayaṃ varṇaṃ tathā rudramayaṃ priye! . pañcaprāṇamayaṃ varṇaṃ
svayaṃ paramakuṇḍalīm” .

ā , ākāraḥ . dvitīyasvaravarṇaḥ . asyoccāraṇasthānaṃ
kaṇṭhaḥ . sa ca dīrghaḥ plutaśca bhavati .
“ākāraṃ paramāścaryyaṃ śaṅkhajyotirmmayaṃ priye .
brahmaviṣṇumayaṃ varṇaṃ tathā rudramayaṃ priye .
pañcaprāṇamayaṃ varṇaṃ svayaṃ paramakuṇḍalī” ..
iti kāmadhenutantre .. asya lekhanaprakāro yathā —
“akārarūpamāsadya dakṣakroḍāyatā tvadhaḥ .
brahmādayastathā śaktistāsu tiṣṭhanti nityaśaḥ” ..
iti varṇoddhāratantraṃ . tasya nāmāni yathā —
“ākāro vijayānanto dīrghacchāyo vināyakaḥ .
kṣīrodadhiḥ payodaśca pāśo dīrghāsyavṛttakau ..
pracaṇḍa ekajo rudro nārāyaṇa ibheśvaraḥ .
pratiṣṭhā mānadā kānto viśvāntaka gajāntakaḥ ..
pitāmaho dviṭhānto bhūḥ kriyā kāntiśca sambhavaḥ .
dvitīyā mānadā kāśī vighnarājaḥ kujo viyat ..
svarāntakaśca hṛdayamaṅguṣṭho bhagamālinī” ..
iti varṇābhidhānaṃ ..

ā , vya, smṛtiḥ . yathā . “ājñātaṃ sajaṭāyureṣaḥ” .
vākyaṃ . yathā . “ā evaṃ manyase” . ityamaraḥ ..
(pūrvvaṃ maivaṃ maṃsthā idānīṃ tvevaṃ manyase ityarthaḥ .)
anukampā . (yathā, ā devadatto daridraḥ iti .)
samuccayaḥ . iti medinī .. (yathā, devebhyaśca pitṛ-
bhyaṃśca ā .) kvacit niṣiddhasandhivarṇaḥ . āśabdo
yo'cā na sandhīyate sa ityarthaḥ . iti bharataḥ ..
(“ā evaṃ tattvamaryyādā ā evaṃ tatkṛtaṃ mayā” .
iti mugdhabodham .)

ā ḏha (IE 8-6), same as āḍhika or āḍhaka; a measure

of capacity; a land measure also called āḍhavāpa.

ā ḏhā (IE 8-6), Bengali form of āḍhaka and āḍhavāpa.

ā ṉai-ccālai (SITI), Tamil; ‘an elephant stable’; tax

payable for the maintenance of the elephant stable.

Ā . (ā) This word means Brahmā and also anādara-

vākya (a word showing disrespect). In the indeclinable

form it means limit, anger and pain.